Dietary Patterns and Blood Pressure in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Open accessAbstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, stroke, and kidney disease. To lower blood pressure (BP), several lifestyle changes are recommended such as weight loss, exercise, and following a healthy diet. Investigating the effect of single nutrients may have positive results, but food is consumed as part of a whole diet, resulting in nutrient interactions. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of dietary patterns on BP in adults. Studies that were published between January 1999 and June 2014 were retrieved using Scopus, Web of Science, and the MEDLINE database. Seventeen randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest that healthy dietary patterns such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, Nordic diet, and Mediterranean diet significantly lowered systolic BP and diastolic BP by 4.26 mm Hg and 2.38 mm Hg, respectively. These diets are rich in fruit, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, seeds, nuts, fish, and dairy and low in meat, sweets, and alcohol. Lifestyle factors such as exercise and weight loss in combination with dietary changes may also reduce BP. Further research is needed to establish the effect of dietary patterns on BP in different cultures other than those identified in this review. The review was registered on PROSPERO (International prospective register of systematic reviews) as CRD42015016272.
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- Authors
- Ndanuko, R. N., Tapsell, L. C., Charlton, K. E., Neale, E. P., & Batterham, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Ndanuko, Rhoda N
- Venue
- Advances in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 76-89
- ISSN
- 2156-5376 (ISSN-L)
- 2161-8313
- PMC
- PMC4717885
- OpenAlex
- W2261761016
- Cited by
- 403
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 12 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 5.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advances in Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- dietary habits, blood pressure, hypertension, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet, Nordic diet, Mediterranean diet, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, lifestyle intervention, weight loss, physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Hypertension, Life Style, Health Behavior
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