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Brain activation and hypothalamic functional connectivity during human non-rapid eye movement sleep: an EEG/fMRI study
Abstract
Regional differences in sleep EEG dynamics indicate that sleep-related brain activity involves local brain processes with sleep stage specific activity patterns of neuronal populations. Macroscopically, it is not fully understood which cerebral brain regions are involved in the successive discontinuation of wakefulness. We simultaneously used EEG and functional MRI on 9 subjects (6 female: mean = 24.1 years, 3 male: mean = 26.0 years) and analyzed local blood oxygenation level dependent signal changes linked to the transition from wakefulness to different non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages (according to Rechtschaffen and Kales) of the first sleep cycles after 36 h of total sleep deprivation. Several brain regions throughout the cortex, the limbic lobe, the thalamus, the caudate nucleus, as well as midbrain structures, such as the mammillary body/hypothalamus, showed reduced activity during NREM sleep across all sleep stages. Additionally, we found deactivation patterns specific to NREM sleep stages compared with wakefulness suggesting that a synchronized sleeping state can be established only if these regions interact in a well-balanced way. Sleep stage 2, which is usually linked to the loss of self-conscious awareness, is associated with signal decreases comprising thalamic and hypothalamic regions, the cingulate cortex, the right insula and adjacent regions of the temporal lobe, the inferior parietal lobule and the inferior/middle frontal gyri. The hypothalamic regi…
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fMRI studies measuring BOLD signals have demonstrated widespread hemodynamic alterations during NREM sleep.
“In addition, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies measuring blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals have demonstrated widespread hemodynamic alterations during NREM sleep (9-15).”
From Coupled electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and cerebrospinal fluid oscillations in human sleep (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kaufmann, C., Wehrle, R., Wetter, T. C., Holsboer, F., Auer, D. P., Pollmächer, T., & Czisch, M.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kaufmann, C.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-12-09
- Volume
- 129
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 655-667
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2136529616
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 3.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- NREM sleep, NREM sleep stages, sleep-wake transition, brain deactivation, hypothalamus, thalamus, sleep deprivation, functional connectivity, BOLD signal changes, sleep regulation, cingulate cortex, insula, inferior parietal lobule, frontal cortex
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Hypothalamus, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxygen, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages, Wakefulness
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