Development of a large-scale functional brain network during human non-rapid eye movement sleep
Open accessAbstract
Graph theoretical analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time series has revealed a small-world organization of slow-frequency blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal fluctuations during wakeful resting. In this study, we used graph theoretical measures to explore how physiological changes during sleep are reflected in functional connectivity and small-world network properties of a large-scale, low-frequency functional brain network. Twenty-five young and healthy participants fell asleep during a 26.7 min fMRI scan with simultaneous polysomnography. A maximum overlap discrete wavelet transformation was applied to fMRI time series extracted from 90 cortical and subcortical regions in normalized space after residualization of the raw signal against unspecific sources of signal fluctuations; functional connectivity analysis focused on the slow-frequency BOLD signal fluctuations between 0.03 and 0.06 Hz. We observed that in the transition from wakefulness to light sleep, thalamocortical connectivity was sharply reduced, whereas corticocortical connectivity increased; corticocortical connectivity subsequently broke down in slow-wave sleep. Local clustering values were closest to random values in light sleep, whereas slow-wave sleep was characterized by the highest clustering ratio (gamma). Our findings support the hypothesis that changes in consciousness in the descent to sleep are subserved by reduced thalamocortical connectivity at sleep onset and a breakdown of general connectivity in slow-wave sleep, with both processes limiting the capacity of the brain to integrate information across functional modules.
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Percentage of REM sleep obtained following fear extinction predicts a decrease in autonomic arousal based on skin conductance.
“It should be considered that the percentage of REM sleep obtained following fear extinction was demonstrated to predict a decrease in autonomic arousal based on skin conductance (Spoormaker et al., 2010) and the disruption of REM sleep impaired extinction (Spoormaker et al., 2012).”
From The Functional Role of Dreaming in Emotional Processes (2019) · cites this paper as Spoormaker et al., 2010
The Introduction describes an EEG/fMRI study of connectivity during non-REM sleep, and the Results passages report connectivity differences across sleep stages. Searches for fear extinction, REM-sleep percentage, skin conductance, and autonomic arousal found no passage in our copy addressing the claimed prediction. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDifferent sleep stages correspond with different neurophysiological phenomena that impact rs-fcMRI measurements.
“Different sleep stages also correspond with different neurophysiological phenomena, which impact rs-fcMRI measurements (Laumann et al., 2016; Spoormaker et al., 2010).”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Spoormaker et al., 2010
Key differences have been found in corticocortical and thalamocortical connectivity between conscious and unconscious states.
“but key differences have been found in corticocortical (Heine et al., 2012; Horovitz et al., 2009; Spoormaker et al., 2010) and thalamocortical (Spoormaker et al., 2010) connectivity.”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Spoormaker et al., 2010
Similar global functional network topology is found in conscious versus unconscious adults.
“This concern is partly mitigated by findings of similar global functional network topology in conscious versus unconscious state in adults (Spoormaker et al., 2010)”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Spoormaker et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Spoormaker, V. I., Schröter, M. S., Gleiser, P. M., Andrade, K. C., Dresler, M., Wehrle, R., Sämann, P. G., & Czisch, M.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-08-25
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 34
- Pages
- 11379-11387
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6633325
- OpenAlex
- W1966649586
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 11.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Ministério da Educação
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- NREM sleep, slow-wave sleep, functional brain networks, small-world networks, functional connectivity, thalamocortical connections, corticocortical connectivity, BOLD signal fluctuations, graph theory, consciousness, sleep onset, local clustering, information integration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Sleep, Sleep Stages, Young Adult
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