Dysregulated oscillatory connectivity in the visual system in autism spectrum disorder
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is increasingly associated with atypical perceptual and sensory symptoms. Here we explore the hypothesis that aberrant sensory processing in autism spectrum disorder could be linked to atypical intra- (local) and interregional (global) brain connectivity. To elucidate oscillatory dynamics and connectivity in the visual domain we used magnetoencephalography and a simple visual grating paradigm with a group of 18 adolescent autistic participants and 18 typically developing control subjects. Both groups showed similar increases in gamma (40-80 Hz) and decreases in alpha (8-13 Hz) frequency power in occipital cortex. However, systematic group differences emerged when analysing intra- and interregional connectivity in detail. First, directed connectivity was estimated using non-parametric Granger causality between visual areas V1 and V4. Feedforward V1-to-V4 connectivity, mediated by gamma oscillations, was equivalent between autism spectrum disorder and control groups, but importantly, feedback V4-to-V1 connectivity, mediated by alpha (8-13 Hz) oscillations, was significantly reduced in the autism spectrum disorder group. This reduction was positively correlated with autistic quotient scores, consistent with an atypical visual hierarchy in autism, characterized by reduced top-down modulation of visual input via alpha-band oscillations. Second, at the local level in V1, coupling of alpha-phase to gamma amplitude (alpha-gamma phase amplitude coupling) was reduced in the autism spectrum disorder group. This implies dysregulated local visual processing, with gamma oscillations decoupled from patterns of wider alpha-band phase synchrony (i.e. reduced phase amplitude coupling), possibly due to an excitation-inhibition imbalance. More generally, these results are in agreement with predictive coding accounts of neurotypical perception and indicate that visual processes in autism are less modulated by contextual feedback information.
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Individuals with autism spectrum disorder showed reduced feedback connectivity from V4 to V1 and decreased synchronization between alpha and gamma oscillations in V1.
“Moreover, individuals with ASD showed reduced feedback connectivity from V4 to V1 (visual cortex), and decreased synchroni zation between alpha and gamma oscillations in V1 (Seymour et al., 2019).”
From Predictive coding in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic transdiagnostic review. (2025) · cites this paper as Seymour et al., 2019
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“Moreover, individuals with ASD showed reduced feedback connectivity from V4 to V1 (visual cortex), and decreased synchronization between alpha and gamma oscillations in V1 (Seymour et al., 2019).”
- Authors
- Seymour, R. A., Rippon, G., Gooding-Williams, G., Schoffelen, J. M., & Kessler, K.
- Affiliations
- Aston University (GB)
- Aston Brain Centre, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Seymour, Robert A
- Kessler, Klaus
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2019-08-13
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3294-3305
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- PMC
- PMC6763739
- OpenAlex
- W2966987820
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 6.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Dr Hadwen Trust and Tommy’s Fund
- Aston University and Macquarie University
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, visual cortex, gamma oscillations, alpha oscillations, directed connectivity, Granger causality, top-down feedback, excitatory-inhibitory imbalance, predictive coding, sensory processing, occipital cortex
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Adolescent, Alpha Rhythm, Brain, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Neural Pathways, Occipital Lobe, Visual Perception, Magnetoencephalography, Connectome, Gamma Rhythm, Gray Matter
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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