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Cited by 269Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchVisual perception and processing mechanismsNeural dynamics and brain function

Quantitative distribution of GABA-immunopositive and-immunonegative neurons and synapses in the monkey striate cortex (area 17)

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Beaulieu, C., Kisvarday, Z., Somogyi, P., Cynader, M., Cowey, A.·1992·Cerebral Cortex
DOI 10.1093/cercor/2.4.295
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Abstract

The number of GABA-immunoreactive [GABA(+)] neurons and synapses was determined in functionally distinct subregions delineated as rich and poor in cytochrome oxidase (CO) in the visual cortex of adult macaque monkeys. The average numerical density (number per unit volume, Nv) of GABA(+) neurons and synapses was not significantly different between the CO-rich and -poor regions. Twenty percent of the total number of cortical neurons and 17% of the synapses were GABA(+). On average, each visual cortical neuron receives 3900 synapses, 660 of them being GABA(+). The latter were distributed on the target cell in a pattern that predicts the site of GABA influences in cortex. The major targets of GABA(+) synapses were dendritic shafts, comprising nearly two-thirds of the postsynaptic elements. About every fourth and every eighth GABA(+) synapse was devoted to dendritic spines and to neuronal somata, respectively. Axon initial segments, although the exclusive targets of GABA(+) cells, comprise less than 0.1% of structures postsynaptic to GABA(+) boutons. From this distribution, we estimate that in each cubic millimeter of striate cortex there were about 20 million GABA(+) synapses on dendritic spines, 47 million on dendritic trunks, 9 million on somata, and fewer than 0.1 million on axon initial segments. The sites of influences of GABA-immunonegative [GABA(-)] synapses were different in that they target mainly dendritic spines and dendritic trunks. About two-thirds of GABA(-) synapse…

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  • Quantitative analyses of synapses in the neuropil have shown that most synapses on dendritic shafts are AS (~80%), with relatively few being SS (~20%).

    “In fact, quantitative analyses of synapses in the neuropil have shown that most synapses on dendritic shafts are AS (∼80%), with relatively few being SS (∼20%) (Beaulieu et al., 1992; Peters et al., 2008; Hsu et al., 2017; Calì et al., 2018; Santuy et al., 2018b; Domínguez-Álvaro et al., 2019, 2021a,b; Yakoubi et al., 2019b; Montero-Crespo et al., 2020, 2021; Cano-Astorga et al., 2021, 2023;”

    From Unambiguous identification of asymmetric and symmetric synapses using volume electron microscopy (2024) · cites this paper as Beaulieu et al., 1992

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Authors
Beaulieu, C., Kisvarday, Z., Somogyi, P., Cynader, M., & Cowey, A.
Affiliations
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
Corresponding author
Beaulieu, C.
ORCID
Somogyi, P.
Venue
Cerebral Cortex
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1992
Volume
2
Issue
4
Pages
295-309
ISSN
  • 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-2199
DOI
10.1093/cercor/2.4.295
OpenAlex
W2055807453
Cited by
269
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
FWCI
2.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
other-oa
Locations
  • Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords
GABAergic neurons, synapse distribution, primary visual cortex, visual cortex, macaque, cytochrome c oxidase, dendritic spines, postsynaptic targets, axon initial segment, neuronal density
MeSH terms
Animals, Electron Transport Complex IV, Dendrites, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Macaca mulatta, Nerve Endings, Neurons, Synapses, Visual Cortex

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