Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are expressed by most parvalbumin‐immunoreactive neurons in area MT of the macaque
Open accessAbstract
Background: In the mammalian neocortex, cells that express parvalbumin (PV neurons) comprise a dominant class of inhibitory neuron that substantially overlaps with the fast/narrow‐spiking physiological phenotype. Attention has pronounced effects on narrow‐spiking neurons in the extrastriate cortex of macaques, and more consistently so than on their broad‐spiking neighbors. Cortical neuromodulation by acetylcholine (AC h) is a candidate mechanism for aspects of attention and in the primary visual cortex (V1) of the macaque, receptors for AC h (AC hRs) are strongly expressed by inhibitory neurons. In particular, most PV neurons in macaque V1 express m1 muscarinic AC hRs and exogenously applied AC h can cause the release of γ‐aminobutyric acid. In contrast, few PV neurons in rat V1 express m1 AC hRs. While this could be a species difference, it has also been argued that macaque V1 is anatomically unique when compared with other cortical areas in macaques. Aims: The aim of this study was to better understand the extent to which V1 offers a suitable model circuit for cholinergic anatomy in the macaque occipital lobe, and to explore cholinergic modulation as a biological basis for the changes in circuit behavior seen with attention. Materials and methods: We compared expression of m1 AC hRs by PV neurons between area V1 and the middle temporal visual area (MT) in macaque monkeys using dual‐immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Results and conclusion: We find that, as in V1, most PV neurons in MT express m1 AC hRs but, unlike in V1, it appears that so do most excitatory neurons. This provides support for V1 as a model of cholinergic modulation of inhibition in macaque visual cortex, but not of cholinergic modulation of visual cortical circuits in general. We also propose that AC h acting via m1 AC hRs is a candidate underlying mechanism for the strong effects of attention on narrow‐spiking neurons observed in behaving animals.
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Cholinergic receptors are expressed by inhibitory and excitatory cortical neurons and on the terminals of thalamocortical neurons.
“Cholinergic receptors are expressed by inhibitory and excitatory cortical neurons119,124,158–164, as well as on the terminals of thalamocortical neurons165–169.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [158]
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- Authors
- Disney, A. A., Alasady, H. A., & Reynolds, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Corresponding author
- Disney, Anita A.
- Venue
- Brain and Behavior
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-03-21
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 431-445
- ISSN
- 2157-9032 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-3279
- PMC
- PMC4055193
- OpenAlex
- W2068625311
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain and Behavior (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K99 MH-93567, K99MH093567)
- National Eye Institute (P30 EY19005, P30EY019005, R01EY021827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Keywords
- muscarinic receptors, M1 receptor, parvalbumin neurons, middle temporal area, macaque, cholinergic modulation, attention, inhibitory interneurons, primary visual cortex, GABA release, species differences
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Macaca mulatta, Macaca nemestrina, Male, Neurons, Parvalbumins, Receptors, Muscarinic, Temporal Lobe, Visual Cortex
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