Three-dimensional synaptic Organization of Layer III of the human temporal neocortex
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Abstract
In the present study, we have used focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to perform a study of the synaptic organization of layer III of Brodmann’s area 21 in human tissue samples obtained from autopsies and biopsies. We analyzed the synaptic density, 3D spatial distribution, and type (asymmetric/symmetric), as well as the size and shape of each synaptic junction of 4945 synapses that were fully reconstructed in 3D. Significant differences in the mean synaptic density between autopsy and biopsy samples were found (0.49 and 0.66 synapses/μm3, respectively). However, in both types of samples (autopsy and biopsy), the asymmetric:symmetric ratio was similar (93:7) and most asymmetric synapses were established on dendritic spines (75%), while most symmetric synapses were established on dendritic shafts (85%). We also compared several electron microscopy methods and analysis tools to estimate the synaptic density in the same brain tissue. We have shown that FIB/SEM is much more reliable and robust than the majority of the other commonly used EM techniques. The present work constitutes a detailed description of the synaptic organization of cortical layer III. Further studies on the rest of the cortical layers are necessary to better understand the functional organization of this temporal cortical region.
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The use of a lower concentration of potassium ferrocyanide (0.1%) shows an improvement in membrane visualization while still allowing the PSD of the SS to be identified.
“In conclusion, the use of a lower concentration of potassium ferrocyanide (0.1%), as we propose here, shows an improvement in membrane visualization, while still allowing the PSD of the SS to be identified (Domínguez-Álvaro et al., 2018, 2019, 2021a,b; Montero-Crespo et al., 2020, 2021; Cano-Astorga et al., 2021, 2023).”
From Unambiguous identification of asymmetric and symmetric synapses using volume electron microscopy (2024) · cites this paper as Cano-Astorga et al., 2021
Materials and Methods (Electron Microscopy; page unavailable) reports using 0.1% potassium ferrocyanide. Materials and Methods (Three-Dimensional Analysis of Synapses; page unavailable) says the researchers identified symmetric synapses by their thin postsynaptic densities. The paper does not report a comparison showing that the lower concentration improved membrane visualization. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Somogyi P, Tamas G, Lujan R, Buhl EH. 1998. Salient features of synaptic organisation in the cerebral cortex. Brain Res Rev. 26: 113– 135. 9651498
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- Authors
- Cano-Astorga, N., DeFelipe, J., & Alonso-Nanclares, L.
- Affiliations
- Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- ORCID
- DeFelipe, Javier
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2021-05-17
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 4742-4764
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC8408440
- OpenAlex
- W3160339388
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PGC2018-094307-B-I00, PRE2019-089228)
- Cajal Blue Brain Project
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CB06/05/0066)
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (945539)
- Human Brain Project SGA3
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Structural Biology › Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- synaptic organization, layer III, synaptic density, asymmetric synapses, symmetric synapses, dendritic spines
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Autopsy, Biopsy, Cell Count, Female, Humans, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Middle Aged, Synapses, Temporal Lobe, Neocortex, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Dendritic Spines, Young Adult, Neuroimaging
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