Effective Connectivity within the Distributed Cortical Network for Face Perception
Open accessAbstract
Face perception elicits activation within a distributed cortical network in the human brain. The network includes visual ("core") regions, as well as limbic and prefrontal ("extended") regions, which process invariant facial features and changeable aspects of faces, respectively. We used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Dynamic Causal Modeling to investigate effective connectivity and functional organization between and within the core and the extended systems. We predicted a ventral rather than dorsal connection between the core and the extended systems during face viewing and tested whether valence and fame would alter functional coupling within the network. We found that the core system is hierarchically organized in a predominantly feed-forward fashion, and that the fusiform gyrus (FG) exerts the dominant influence on the extended system. Moreover, emotional faces increased the coupling between the FG and the amygdala, whereas famous faces increased the coupling between the FG and the orbitofrontal cortex. Our results demonstrate content-specific dynamic alterations in the functional coupling between visual-limbic and visual-prefrontal face-responsive pathways.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Coupling between fusiform gyrus and amygdala during face recognition is enhanced by fearful emotion.
“Fairhall and Ishai (2007) reported that coupling between fusiform gyrus and amygdala during face recognition was enhanced by fearful emotion.”
From Affective Cognition and its Disruption in Mood Disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Fairhall and Ishai (2007)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
WITHDRAWN: Face perception is mediated by a distributed cortical network
Ishai, A., Schmidt, C. F., & Boesiger, P. (2005) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.030 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationRetractedCo-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798 · see citing works
Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., Worsley, K. J., Poline, J. ‐., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1994) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460020402 · Cited by 9,688 · see citing works
The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception
Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-11-04302.1997 · Cited by 7,738 · see citing works
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565 · see citing works
The distributed human neural system for face perception
Haxby, J. V., Hoffman, E. A., & Gobbini, M. I. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01482-0 · Cited by 4,891 · see citing works
Friston, K. J., Harrison, L., & Penny, W. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00202-7 · Cited by 4,583 · see citing works
Analysis of fMRI Time-Series Revisited
Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., Poline, J., Grasby, P. M., Williams, S., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Turner, R. (1995) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1995.1007 · Cited by 2,504 · see citing works
Social perception from visual cues: Role of the STS region
Allison, T., Puce, A., & McCarthy, G. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01501-1 · Cited by 2,461 · see citing works
A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions
Morris, J. S., Frith, C. D., Perrett, D. I., Rowland, D., Young, A. W., Calder, A. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383812a0 · Cited by 2,013 · see citing works
Response and Habituation of the Human Amygdala during Visual Processing of Facial Expression
Breiter, H. C., Etcoff, N. L., Whalen, P. J., Kennedy, W. A., Rauch, S. L., Buckner, R. L., Strauss, M. M., Hyman, S. E., & Rosen, B. R. (1996) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80219-6 · Cited by 1,711 · see citing works
Effects of Attention and Emotion on Face Processing in the Human Brain
Vuilleumier, P., Armony, J. L., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00328-2 · Cited by 1,664 · see citing works
Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour
Adolphs, R. (2003) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1056 · Cited by 1,657 · see citing works
A specific neural substrate for perceiving facial expressions of disgust
Phillips, M. L., Young, A. W., Senior, C., Brammer, M., Andrew, C., Calder, A. J., Bullmore, E. T., Perrett, D. I., Rowland, D., Williams, S. C. R., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/39051 · Cited by 1,609 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of face and object processing. A positron emission tomography study.
Sergent, J., Ohta, S., & Macdonald, B. (1992) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/115.1.15 · Cited by 1,576 · see citing works
Human neural systems for face recognition and social communication
Haxby, J. V., Hoffman, E. A., & Gobbini, M. I. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01330-0 · Cited by 1,287 · see citing works
Hoffman, E. A., & Haxby, J. V. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/71152 · Cited by 1,218 · see citing works
Neural processing of emotional faces requires attention
Pessoa, L., McKenna, M., Gutierrez, E., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.172403899 · Cited by 1,155 · see citing works
Beautiful Faces Have Variable Reward Value
Aharon, I., Etcoff, N., Ariely, D., Chabris, C. F., O'Connor, E., & Breiter, H. C. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00491-3 · Cited by 1,087 · see citing works
The fusiform face area subserves face perception, not generic within-category identification
Kalanit Grill-spector, A., Knouf, N. A., & Kanwisher, N. (2004) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1224 · Cited by 984 · see citing works
Beauty in a smile: the role of medial orbitofrontal cortex in facial attractiveness
O’Doherty, J., Winston, J., Critchley, H., Perrett, D., Burt, D. M., & Dolan, R. J. (2003) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00145-8 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Distributed representation of objects in the human ventral visual pathway
Ishai, A., Ungerleider, L. G., Martin, A. D., Schouten, J. L., & Haxby, J. V. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9379 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Self-citationComparing dynamic causal models.
Penny, W. D., Stephan, K. E., Mechelli, A., & Friston, K. J. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.03.026 · Cited by 848 · see citing works
Rossion, B. (2003) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awg241 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
The Effect of Face Inversion on Activity in Human Neural Systems for Face and Object Perception
Haxby, J. V., Ungerleider, L. G., Clark, V. P., Schouten, J. L., Hoffman, E. A., & Martin, A. D. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80690-x · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Distributed Neural Systems for the Generation of Visual Images
Ishai, A., Ungerleider, L. G., & Haxby, J. V. (2000) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00168-9 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Self-citationNeural Systems Underlying the Recognition of Familiar and Newly Learned Faces
Leveroni, C. L., Seidenberg, M., Mayer, A. R., Mead, L. A., Binder, J. R., & Rao, S. M. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-02-00878.2000 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Where Bottom-up Meets Top-down: Neuronal Interactions during Perception and Imagery
Mechelli, A. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh087 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Hemispheric Asymmetries for Whole-Based and Part-Based Face Processing in the Human Fusiform Gyrus
Rossion, B., Dricot, L., Devolder, A., Bodart, J.-M., Crommelinck, M., de Gelder, B., & Zoontjes, R. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562606 · Cited by 436 · see citing works
Face perception is mediated by a distributed cortical network
Ishai, A., Schmidt, C. F., & Boesiger, P. (2005) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.05.027 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Representation of Objects in the Human Occipital and Temporal Cortex
Ishai, A., Ungerleider, L. G., Martin, A. D., & Haxby, J. V. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900564055 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Self-citationVisual Imagery of Famous Faces: Effects of Memory and Attention Revealed by fMRI
Ishai, A. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1330 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Self-citationFace Perception Is Modulated by Sexual Preference
Princz-Kranz, F. L., & Ishai, A. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.10.070 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Self-citationModelling functional integration: a comparison of structural equation and dynamic causal models
Penny, W. D., Stephan, K. E., Mechelli, A., & Friston, K. J. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.041 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Repetition suppression of faces is modulated by emotion
Ishai, A., Pessoa, L., Bikle, P. C., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0403559101 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Self-citationTask and Content Modulate Amygdala-Hippocampal Connectivity in Emotional Retrieval
Smith, A. P. R., Stephan, K. E., Rugg, M. D., & Dolan, R. J. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.12.025 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Avidan, G., Hasson, U., Malach, R., & Behrmann, M. (2005) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/0898929054475145 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Dynamic causal models of neural system dynamics: current state and future extensions
Stephan, K. E., Harrison, L. M., Kiebel, S. J., Olivier David, A., Penny, W. D., & Friston, K. J. (2007) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-007-0012-5 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Sex, beauty and the orbitofrontal cortex
Ishai, A. (2006) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.03.010 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Self-citationVisibility Reflects Dynamic Changes of Effective Connectivity between V1 and Fusiform Cortex
Haynes, J., Driver, J., & Rees, G. E. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.012 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Two Distinct Neural Mechanisms for Category-selective Responses
Noppeney, U., Price, C. J., Penny, W. D., & Friston, K. J. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi123 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Water diffusion, T2, and compartmentation in frog sciatic nerve
Peled, S., Cory, D. G., Raymond, S. A., Kirschner, D. A., & Jolesz, F. A. (1999) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199911)42:5 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Shifts of Effective Connectivity within a Language Network during Rhyming and Spelling
Bitan, T., Booth, J. R., Choy, J., Burman, D. D., Gitelman, D. R., & Mesulam, M. M. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0864-05.2005 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Friday's Footprint: How Society Shapes the Human Mind
Franks, D. D., & Brothers, L. (1998) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2655491 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
A Dynamic Causal Modeling Study on Category Effects: Bottom–Up or Top–Down Mediation?
Mechelli, A., Price, C. J., Noppeney, U., & Friston, K. J. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903770007317 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
The human temporal lobe integrates facial form and motion: evidence from fMRI and ERP studies
Puce, A., Syngeniotis, A., Thompson, J. C., Abbott, D. F., Wheaton, K. J., & Castiello, U. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00189-7 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Biophysical models of fMRI responses
Stephan, K. E., Harrison, L. M., Penny, W. D., & Friston, K. J. (2004) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2004.08.006 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Broca's region subserves imagery of motion: A combined cytoarchitectonic and fMRI study
Binkofski, F., Amunts, K., Stephan, K. M., Posse, S., Schormann, T., Freund, H.-J., Zilles, K., & Seitz, R. J. (2000) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/1097-0193(200012)11:4
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ten simple rules for dynamic causal modeling
Stephan, K. E., Penny, W. D., Moran, R. J., den Ouden, H. E. M., Daunizeau, J., & Friston, K. J. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.015 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Autism spectrum disorder: neuropathology and animal models
Varghese, M., Keshav, N., Jacot-Descombes, S., Warda, T., Wicinski, B., Dickstein, D. L., Harony-Nicolas, H., De Rubeis, S., Drapeau, E., Buxbaum, J. D., et al. (2017) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-017-1736-4 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Nonlinear dynamic causal models for fMRI
Stephan, K. E., Kasper, L., Harrison, L. M., Daunizeau, J., den Ouden, H. E. M., Breakspear, M., & Friston, K. J. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.262 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Baby schema modulates the brain reward system in nulliparous women
Glocker, M. L., Langleben, D. D., Ruparel, K., Loughead, J. W., Valdez, J. N., Griffin, M. D., Sachser, N., & Gur, R. C. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0811620106 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Dopaminergic-neuropeptide interactions in the social brain
Skuse, D. H., & Gallagher, L. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2008.09.007 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Affective Cognition and its Disruption in Mood Disorders
Elliott, R., Zahn, R., Deakin, J. F. W., & Anderson, I. M. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.77 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
A comparative view of face perception.
Leopold, D. A., & Rhodes, G. (2010) · Journal of Comparative Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019460 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Prenatal maternal depression alters amygdala functional connectivity in 6-month-old infants
Qiu, A., Anh, T. T., Li, Y., Chen, H., Rifkin-Graboi, A., Broekman, B. F. P., Kwek, K., Saw, S.-M., Chong, Y.-S., Gluckman, P. D., et al. (2015) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2015.3 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Neurons in the fusiform gyrus are fewer and smaller in autism
van Kooten, I. A. J., Palmen, S. J. M. C., von Cappeln, P., Steinbusch, H. W. M., Korr, H., Heinsen, H., Hof, P. R., van Engeland, H., & Schmitz, C. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn033 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
A functional and structural study of emotion and face processing in children with autism
Corbett, B. A., Carmean, V., Ravizza, S., Wendelken, C., Henry, M. L., Carter, C., & Rivera, S. M. (2009) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.08.005 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Forward and backward connections in the brain: a DCM study of functional asymmetries
Chen, C. C., Henson, R. N., Stephan, K. E., Kilner, J. M., & Friston, K. J. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.041 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Dricu, M., & Frühholz, S. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.020 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Stephanou, K., Davey, C. G., Kerestes, R., Whittle, S., Pujol, J., Yücel, M., Fornito, A., López-Solà, M., & Harrison, B. J. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22905 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Advancing understanding of affect labeling with dynamic causal modeling
Torrisi, S. J., Lieberman, M. D., Bookheimer, S. Y., & Altshuler, L. L. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.025 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Multi-subject analyses with dynamic causal modeling
Kasess, C. H., Stephan, K. E., Weissenbacher, A., Pezawas, L., Moser, E., & Windischberger, C. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.037 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Diwadkar, V. A. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1349 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Crossmodal interactions in audiovisual emotion processing
Müller, V. I., Cieslik, E. C., Turetsky, B. I., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.007 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Linking<scp>GABA</scp>and glutamate levels to cognitive skill acquisition during development
Cohen Kadosh, K., Krause, B., King, A. J., Near, J., & Cohen Kadosh, R. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22921 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Presynaptic Serotoninergic Regulation of Emotional Processing: A Multimodal Brain Imaging Study
Selvaraj, S., Mouchlianitis, E., Faulkner, P., Turkheimer, F., Cowen, P. J., Roiser, J. P., & Howes, O. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.04.011 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
NK1 receptor antagonism and the neural processing of emotional information in healthy volunteers
McCabe, C., Cowen, P. J., & Harmer, C. J. (2009) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145709990150 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Non-invasive stimulation of the social brain: the methodological challenges
Penton, T., Catmur, C., Banissy, M. J., Bird, G., & Walsh, V. (2022) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa102 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fairhall, S. L., & Ishai, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- ORCID
- Fairhall, Scott L.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-12-26
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2400-2406
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2101520758
- Cited by
- 471
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 9.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Trento) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (3200B0, 105278)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
- Keywords
- face perception, effective connectivity, distributed cortical networks, fusiform gyrus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, emotional facial expressions, famous faces, dynamic causal modeling, functional coupling
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Emotions, Face, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Functional Laterality, Male, Photic Stimulation, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
