Baby schema modulates the brain reward system in nulliparous women
Open accessAbstract
Ethologist Konrad Lorenz defined the baby schema (“Kindchenschema”) as a set of infantile physical features, such as round face and big eyes, that is perceived as cute and motivates caretaking behavior in the human, with the evolutionary function of enhancing offspring survival. The neural basis of this fundamental altruistic instinct is not well understood. Prior studies reported a pattern of brain response to pictures of children, but did not dissociate the brain response to baby schema from the response to children. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and controlled manipulation of the baby schema in infant faces, we found that baby schema activates the nucleus accumbens, a key structure of the mesocorticolimbic system mediating reward processing and appetitive motivation, in nulliparous women. Our findings suggest that engagement of the mesocorticolimbic system is the neurophysiologic mechanism by which baby schema promotes human caregiving, regardless of kinship.
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Coordinated responses in drive (amygdala) and regulation (cingulate) figure prominently in papers using baby face stimuli.
“Again, coordinated responses in drive (amygdala) and regulation (cinglulate) figure prominently in these papers.”
From The human parental brain: In vivo neuroimaging (2011) · cites this paper as Glocker et al., 2009
Nucleus accumbens is activated in response to baby schema (Glocker et al., 2009); medial orbitofrontal cortex responds to infant faces relative to adults (Kringelbach et al., 2008); higher levels of infantile features are preferred (Parsons et al., 2011).
“In addition to activation of nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in response to baby schema (Glocker et al., 2009) and medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) response to infant faces relative to adults (Kringelbach et al., 2008), higher levels of infantile features are preferred (Parsons et al., 2011).”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Glocker et al., 2009
Evidence supports human preference for exaggerated cute/infantile features of baby faces, which appear to activate reward mechanisms within the caregiver and motivate/promote mothers to caregiving, bonding, and attachment.
“Not only is facial recognition of one’s infant and their emotional state critical to their survival, but evidence supports human preference for the exaggerated cute/infantile features of baby faces which appear to activate reward mechanisms within the caregiver and motivate/promote mothers to caregiving, bonding and attachment.”
From Approaching the biology of human parental attachment: Brain imaging, oxytocin and coordinated assessments of mothers and fathers (2014) · cites this paper as Glocker et al., 2009
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- Authors
- Glocker, M. L., Langleben, D. D., Ruparel, K., Loughead, J. W., Valdez, J. N., Griffin, M. D., Sachser, N., & Gur, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Münster (DE)
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-06-02
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 9115-9119
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2690007
- OpenAlex
- W2027558840
- Cited by
- 365
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 9.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- West Virginia University
- Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh060722-10)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH-060722, MH60722)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- baby schema, caregiver behavior, nucleus accumbens, mesocorticolimbic system, nulliparous women, cuteness, altruism, infant face perception
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Altruism, Analysis of Variance, Face, Female, Humans, Infant, Maternal Behavior, Nucleus Accumbens, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Young Adult
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