The DOI matches its Crossref record; 132 of the 133 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 12 of the 35 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies
Open accessAbstract
In recent years, an explosion of neuroimaging studies has examined cognitive reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy that involves changing the way one thinks about a stimulus in order to change its affective impact. Existing models broadly agree that reappraisal recruits frontal and parietal control regions to modulate emotional responding in the amygdala, but they offer competing visions of how this is accomplished. One view holds that control regions engage ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), an area associated with fear extinction, that in turn modulates amygdala responses. An alternative view is that control regions modulate semantic representations in lateral temporal cortex that indirectly influence emotion-related responses in the amygdala. Furthermore, while previous work has emphasized the amygdala, whether reappraisal influences other regions implicated in emotional responding remains unknown. To resolve these questions, we performed a meta-analysis of 48 neuroimaging studies of reappraisal, most involving downregulation of negative affect. Reappraisal consistently 1) activated cognitive control regions and lateral temporal cortex, but not vmPFC, and 2) modulated the bilateral amygdala, but no other brain regions. This suggests that reappraisal involves the use of cognitive control to modulate semantic representations of an emotional stimulus, and these altered representations in turn attenuate activity in the amygdala.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
18 Own result · 7 Own interpretation · 5 Partly supported · 5 No full text of the sources · 2 Supported · 2 Sources not found · 1 Supported so far · 1 Not supported · 1 Own method · accuracy not yet measured
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“However, in contrast to several prominent theories, the present results indicate that reappraisal does not rely on vmPFCmediated emotional control (Ochsner andGross 2005, 2007;Schiller and Delgado 2010;Diekhof et al. 2011;Etkin et al. 2011), but instead may act though the lateral temporal cortex, an area associated with semantic and perceptual representation.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ochsner andGross 2005, 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Disputedcites Schiller and Delgado 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “A general neural mechanism for changing fear” (page unavailable), the review reports increased vmPFC responses when fear is regulated with cognitive strategies and suggests that dlPFC regulation may act through vmPFC connections. The citing sentence presents the absence of vmPFC-mediated control as its own result, in contrast to the theories it cites; Schiller and Delgado support the contrasting view, not that result. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Diekhof et al. 2011 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Absence of vmPFC activation in the meta-analysis indicates that reappraisal does not rely on vmPFC-mediated emotional control.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This null finding contradicts the hypothesis that vmPFC provides a necessary link by which frontal and parietal regions modulate emotion-related activity in the amygdala (Ochsner andGross 2005, 2007;Schiller and Delgado 2010;Diekhof et al. 2011;Etkin et al. 2011).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ochsner andGross 2005, 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Schiller and Delgado 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “A general neural mechanism for changing fear” (page not provided), the review proposes that dlPFC might affect the amygdala indirectly through vmPFC connections. It does not establish vmPFC as a necessary link or extend that proposed pathway to parietal regions. The citing authors’ null finding is their own result, not a finding attributed to this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Diekhof et al. 2011 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“More studies have attempted to do this recently with work examining reappraisal of phobogenic stimuli in phobic populations (Hermann et al. 2009) or social stimuli in populations characterized by unstable social relationships, such as borderline personality disorder (Koenigsberg et al. 2009).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Limitations
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Hermann et al. 2009 source
The Introduction states that the study examined effortful regulation of responses to phobic pictures in spider-phobic participants. The Procedure says participants received reappraisal instructions to regulate emotions elicited by those pictures. The separate clause about borderline personality disorder is attributed to Koenigsberg et al., not Hermann et al. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Supportedcites Koenigsberg et al. 2009 source
The Introduction describes a study comparing cognitive reappraisal of social emotional cues in patients with borderline personality disorder and healthy controls. The Materials section confirms that the stimuli were interpersonal scenes; the paper examined distancing as its reappraisal strategy. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Although the ventral striatum is involved in reward, prior research has shown that the ventral striatum responds both to positive and negative stimuli (Roitman et al. 2005) and that stimulation of this region can result in both approach and avoidance (Reynolds and Berridge 2001, 2002, 2003).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Discussion
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Roitman et al. 2005 source
The Summary (p. 587) reports that nucleus accumbens neurons responded to both rewarding sucrose and aversive quinine. This supports the cited claim about responses to positive and negative stimuli in the ventral striatum. (LLM, conf=0.93)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“In line with existing models, the implementation of reappraisal consistently activated domain-general cognitive control regions, including dmPFC, dlPFC, vlPFC, and posterior parietal lobe (Ochsner andGross 2005, 2008;Kalisch 2009;Schiller and Delgado 2010;Diekhof et al. 2011;Ochsner et al. 2012).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Ochsner andGross 2005, 2008
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kalisch 2009 source
- Partly supportedcites Schiller and Delgado 2010 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The “Regulation of fear” section reports increased dlPFC activity during reappraisal and identifies the dlPFC with cognitive control. It does not identify dmPFC, vlPFC, or the posterior parietal lobe as consistently activated by reappraisal; it notes that the specific prefrontal areas recruited vary across studies. No page number is available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When identical analyses were performed using a 10-mm kernel, all peaks identified using the 8-mm kernel were found to be included within the clusters identified using the 10-mm kernel.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This analysis included 116 contrasts from 48 studies of healthy individuals, allowing us to identify brain regions that consistently support reappraisal (show increases in activity during reappraisal) as well as those that that are modulated by reappraisal (show decreases in activity during reappraisal when the goal is to downregulate affect).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Introduction
plainn = 48- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“We found that only 1 of the 838 coordinates included in this analysis fell within this sphere (Krendl et al. 2012).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Krendl et al. 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We identified 1268 peaks from 116 contrasts in 48 studies that met our criteria (see Table 1).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lastly, reappraisal was consistently associated with bilateral amygdala modulation, but no change was observed in other regions related to emotional responding, or anywhere else in the brain.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 6
- It may state two separate claims as one. 13
- The quote only partly states this claim. 4
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“However, many other regions are involved in emotion (Kober et al. 2008;Vytal and Hamann 2010;Lindquist et al. 2012).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kober et al. 2008 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Vytal and Hamann 2010 source
- Supportedcites Lindquist et al. 2012 source
The cited sentence attributes the broad claim that many brain regions are involved in emotion. Sections 5.2 and 5.8 report emotion-related activity in the anterior insula and periaqueductal gray, and section 5.5 identifies additional regions in the neural reference space for emotion. The paper does not present these regions as specific to emotion. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Second, animal and human work show that vmPFC is critical for fear extinction and reversal learning (Milad et al. 2007;Finger et al. 2008;Schiller et al. 2008).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Milad et al. 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Partly supportedcites Finger et al. 2008 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports medial orbitofrontal activity during human operant extinction, while the paper describes animal and human evidence linking medial prefrontal regions to fear-extinction recall and medial orbitofrontal regions to reversal learning (page numbers unavailable). It does not establish that vmPFC is critical for both fear extinction and reversal learning: its own experiment tested operant extinction, and it describes the fear and reversal findings more cautiously. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Partly supportedcites Schiller et al. 2008 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In “Reversal of fear” (page unavailable), the paper reports vmPFC activation during human fear reversal. In “Fear reversal versus fear extinction” (page unavailable), it relates that response to extinction findings, but proposes possible roles for the vmPFC rather than establishing that it is critical to either process. This study does not itself provide animal evidence. (LLM, conf=0.85)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Specifically, the present results are consistent with the hypotheses that dlPFC may support manipulation of appraisals in working memory (Wager and Smith 2003), vlPFC may support selection and inhibition of appraisals (Robbins 2007;Simmonds et al. 2008), and dmPFC may support semantic and self-reflective processes relevant to elaborating the affective meaning of stimuli or perceiving one's affect”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wager and Smith 2003 source
- Partly supportedcites Robbins 2007 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 3 atoms — 0 confirmed, 3 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
- Partly supportedcites Simmonds et al. 2008 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Split into 3 atoms — 0 confirmed, 3 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Furthermore, prior work shows that amygdala responses track affective intensity, especially for aversive stimuli like those photos used widely in reappraisal studies (Canli et al. 2000;Williams et al. 2001;Anderson et al. 2003;Cunningham et al. 2004;Ochsner et al. 2004Ochsner et al. , 2009;;Phan et al. 2004).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Canli et al. 2000 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results report that bilateral amygdala activation correlated with participants’ ratings of emotional intensity, and the Methods describe the stimuli as negative-to-neutral pictures. The Discussion says the study could not separate arousal from negative valence; it therefore does not establish that responses track intensity especially for aversive stimuli. The paper also does not establish how widely these photos are used in reappraisal studies. (LLM, conf=0.84)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Williams et al. 2001 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Anderson et al. 2003 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analysis revealed bilateral amygdala clusters, with the left cluster extending into the ventral striatum and pallidum (Table 3; Fig. 2).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, this revealed extensive recruitment of regions commonly observed in cognitive control tasks including posterior dmPFC and bilateral dlPFC, vlPFC, and posterior parietal cortex (Table 2; Fig. 1).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Second, a sizeable cluster was observed in left posterior temporal cortex.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No clusters were observed anywhere else in the brain.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, we failed to observe any clusters in vmPFC.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“(of 48 studies in the present meta-analysis, 34 used aversive stimuli, 5 used positive/appetitive stimuli, and 9 used both; see Table 1 for a summary)”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results of this analysis were nearly identical, suggesting consistent prefrontal, parietal, and temporal regions are consistently recruited by reappraisal, regardless of whether one is reappraising to increase or decrease affective responses.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet, testing this hypothesis is virtually impossible at present given that only 4 studies have examined reappraisal in the domain of decisionmaking and within those 4 studies, 2 examined reappraisal at the time of decision-making (Grecucci, Giorgetta, Van't Wout et al. 2012;Sokol-Hessner et al. 2012), another examined reappraisal during anticipation of monetary reward (Staudinger et al. 2011), and”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Limitations
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Lastly, reappraisal was consistently associated with bilateral amygdala modulation, but no change was observed in other regions related to emotional responding, or anywhere else in the brain.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Psychological models of reappraisal suggest that that many of the same cognitive control processes that are used to regulate attention, memory and thoughts in nonemotional contexts are also used in the cognitive regulation of emotion (Ochsner and Gross 2008).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Ochsner and Gross 2008 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“One reason this strategy is so well studied is because reappraisal is highly effective at regulating affect and physiological arousal without the cognitive and physiological costs associated with response-focused strategies (e.g., expressive suppression) (Gross 1998), and with longerlasting effects than attention-focused strategies (e.g., distraction) (Ochsner and Gross 2005;Kross and Ayduk 2008;O”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Introduction
What the sources say
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Extensive work in animals and humans has implicated the amygdala in the detection, encoding, and organization of responses to arousing, goal-relevant stimuli (Anderson et al. 2003;Phelps and LeDoux 2005;Cunningham and Brosch 2012;Wilson-Mendenhall et al. forthcoming).”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Introduction
What the sources say
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In either case, a direct comparison between the neural bases of reappraisal for positive and negative stimuli in the present analysis was not possible because the relatively scant number (14) of studies using positive stimuli would have rendered such a comparison underpowered.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, the study of Diekhof and coworkers included far fewer studies and thus would be more prone to false positives than the present meta-analysis.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This suggests that reappraisal involves the use of cognitive control to modulate semantic representations of an emotional stimulus, and these altered representations in turn attenuate activity in the amygdala.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The lack of involvement of vmPFC in reappraisal suggests that while reappraisal may lead to a similar outcome as extinction (i.e., cue-related emotional activity is reduced), there are likely notable differences in the psychological and neural processes that lead to this outcome.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Current models of emotion suggest that emotional responses are reflected in activity across a network of regions (Kober et al. 2008), and in changing one's emotional response one might expect reappraisal to affect this network as a whole.”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kober et al. 2008 source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
The influence of reappraisal on brain regions other than the amygdala implicated in emotional responding was unknown prior to this meta-analysis.
“Furthermore, while previous work has emphasized the amygdala, whether reappraisal influences other regions implicated in emotional responding remains unknown.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Main effect contrasts comparing reappraisal to a baseline condition are the most commonly reported type of contrast in reappraisal manuscripts.
“This is the most commonly reported type of contrast in reappraisal manuscripts, and it offers the most straightforward way to identify the neural regions that support reappraisal.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The lateral temporal cortex is associated with semantic and perceptual representation.
“but instead may act though the lateral temporal cortex, an area associated with semantic and perceptual representation.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Absence of vmPFC activation in the meta-analysis indicates that reappraisal does not rely on vmPFC-mediated emotional control.
“the present results indicate that reappraisal does not rely on vmPFCmediated emotional control”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Cognitive reappraisal is considered more effective than inhibitory strategies that involve suppression or avoidance (Aldao et al., 2010; Webb et al., 2012) and has been proposed as an underlying mechanism of cognitive-behavioral (CBT) and mindfulness-based therapies (Buhle et al., 2014; Sheppes et al., 2014; Teasdale et al., 2002).”
From Prospective examination of the therapeutic role of psychological flexibility and cognitive reappraisal in the ceremonial use of ayahuasca (2022) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The limited data presented thus far suggest that acceptanceassociated emotion-regulation strategies may produce brain responses that overlap with well-documented reappraisal brain networks.25”
From Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Mindfulness Meditation in Brain Changes During Reappraisal and Acceptance Among Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The finding of increased dACC/dmPFC activation associated with emotion acceptance relative to worry or suppression also aligns somewhat with findings for cognitive reappraisal, which have shown a strong correlation between dACC activation during reappraisal and reductions in distress ratings, indicating reappraisal success (Berkman and Lieberman, 2009; Buhle et al., 2014).”
From Neural correlates of emotion acceptance vs worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Existing studies of cognitive reappraisal additionally implicate DLPFC, VLPFC and dmPFC activation, coupled with decreased medial orbitofrontal and amygdala activation (Ochsner et al., 2002; Goldin et al., 2008; Buhle et al., 2014).”
From Neural correlates of emotion acceptance vs worry or suppression in generalized anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Cognitive reappraisal tasks have been found to modulate the processing of emotional stimuli in regions such as amygdala and the ventral striatum (Buhle et al., 2014).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Altered frontolimbic connectivity could help explain why some youths who experience an acute stressor are unable to leverage higher-order skills, such as cognitive reappraisal (Buhle et al. 2014), to modulate subcortical activation and, subsequently, begin experiencing suicidal ideation.”
From Adolescent Suicide as a Failure of Acute Stress-Response Systems. (2019) · cites this paper as Buhle et al. 2014
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although the region of the dmPFC found in this study is partially overlapping with those mentioned above (e.g., Banks et al., 2007; Gilead et al., 2016; Wager et al., 2008), relatively more dorsal and posterior regions of the medial PFC (i.e., closer to the pre-supplementary motor area) are typically implicated in meta-analyses of emotion regulation (Buhle et al., 2014).”
From Changes in functional connectivity with cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder predict outcomes at follow-up (2020) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In contrast, two more recent meta-analyses favor the second hypothesis [121, 122].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The dlPFC is thought to be an important driver of emotion regulation and hypothesized to be involved in the manipulation of appraisals of stimuli in working memory [121–123].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Meta-analyses of cognitive reappraisal alone have consistently found increased BOLD signal in the dlPFC, vlPFC, and dmPFC [93, 121, 122] and decreased BOLD signal in the amygdala [93, 121].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Finally, the dmPFC is hypothesized to support abstracting affective meaning of stimuli or the processes of self-reflecting and identifying one’s own affective reactions to stimuli [121, 126–130].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The vlPFC is hypothesized to support choosing and inhibiting appraisals of stimuli [121, 124, 125] or potentially may signal salience and the need to reappraise [122].”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Notably, they did not observe increased activation of the vmPFC.”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The study by Delgado etv al. [131] involved cognitive reappraisal of threat conditioned stimuli, whereas most of the studies included in the Buhle et al. [121] meta-analysis involved cognitive reappraisal of negatively-valenced photos.”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Specifically, in addition to increased activation of the cognitive control regions of the PFC mentioned above and modulation of the amygdala, Buhle et al. [121] report increased activation of the lateral temporal cortex during cognitive reappraisal.”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [121]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Beyond the involvement of cerebral structures such as the insular cortex and the amygdala5, the cognitive reappraisal of emotional stimuli recruits cortical structures such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) (for a review, see Kalisch6 and Buhle et al.7).”
From Ventrolateral but not Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex tDCS effectively impact emotion reappraisal – effects on Emotional Experience and Interbeat Interval (2018) · cites this paper as Buhle et al. [7]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Importantly, the default and control networks have also shown cooperation during several cognitive processes [8, 17–21].”
From Creative Cognition and Brain Network Dynamics (2016) · cites this paper as [17]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“ERP seems to be mediated, at least in part, by modulation of amygdala-vmPFC connectivity, while cognitive reappraisal appears to dampen fronto-limbic activity via the engagement of top-down dorsal prefrontal regions [35–36, 39, 51].”
From Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“The cognitive reappraisal component of CBT (Table 3) trains patients to change their thoughts and emotional responses to OCD symptoms and is known to engage dorsal prefrontal regions [35–36, 39, 51].”
From Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (2021) · cites this paper as [51]
In the citing paper
“Distraction (Kanske et al., 2010; McRae et al., 2010) and reappraisal (Buhle et al., 2014) engage the dACC and adjacent posterior dmPFC, which monitor conflicts between intended and actual behavioral outcomes and signal when appropriate adjustments in control are needed”
From Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a multi-level framework (2017) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Four such control systems (Figures 3 and 4) have been most strongly implicated in explicit-controlled emotion regulation: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC)”
From Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a multi-level framework (2017) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“DLPFC is active during both distraction (Van Dillen et al., 2009; Kanske et al., 2010) and reappraisal (Buhle et al., 2014)”
From Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a multi-level framework (2017) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Rostral portions of dmPFC, thought to play a key role in mentalizing (Zaki and Ochsner, 2012), have been implicated in some studies of reappraisal, likely to support monitoring and reflection on one’s own emotional states and reflection on and reinterpretation of the mental states of stimulus persons”
From Explicit and implicit emotion regulation: a multi-level framework (2017) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“Considerable evidence indicates that cognitive reappraisal is an often used and effective strategy utilized by healthy humans to reduce the affective impact of situations in one’s life [64].”
From All together now: utilizing common functional change principles to unify cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies (2019) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“The amygdala is central to emotion generation (Phelps and LeDoux, 2005) and regulation (Buhle et al., 2014), and VMPFC is implicated in automatic emotion regulation (Phelps et al., 2004; Urry et al., 2006), possibly through functional coupling with the amygdala (Banks et al., 2007; Lee et al., 2012).”
From Impact of short- and long-term mindfulness meditation training on amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli (2018) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“the Ce is the major output region of the amygdala and receives relatively few direct projections from prefrontal regions implicated in the regulation of stress and anxiety19, 32-34.”
From Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early-life anxiety (2014) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“By virtue of its well-established capacity for regulating mood, attention, memory, and action34, 54-56”
From Evolutionarily conserved prefrontal-amygdalar dysfunction in early-life anxiety (2014) · cites this paper as [34]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, its activity is modulated by cognitive control processes, including inhibitory control and reason-based appraisal (Buhle et al., 2014;Cohen et al., 2015;Iordan, Dolcos, & Dolcos, 2013;Kanske, Heissler, Schonfelder, Bongers, &Wessa, 2010;Kohn et al., 2014;McRae et al., 2010;Ochsner & Gross, 2005;Phan et al., 2005).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
In the citing paper
“In neuroimaging studies, emotion regulation abilities are associated with recruitment of a set of prefrontal brain regions involved in cognitive control and executive functioning that mature late in development.”
From The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Reappraisal is believed to modulate these regions via recruitment of a network of regions including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC), posterior medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) [8,14].”
From The neuroscience of emotion regulation development: Implications for education (2016) · cites this paper as [14]
In the citing paper
“Recently, a meta-analysis of 48 studies of cognitive reappraisal emotion regulation neuroimaging studies concluded that this strategy particularly activates the bilateral dLPFC, vLPFC, dMPFC, posterior parietal cortex, and left-middle temporal gyrus, and deactivates the amygdala bilaterally.”
From Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation: Insights from Neurobiological, Psychological, and Clinical Studies (2017) · cites this paper as Buhle et al., 2014
Statistics that don’t add up
Each reported p-value recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“χ 2 (1, N = 33) = 3.417, P = .07”
§ Cognitive Reappraisal of Emotion: A Meta-Analysis of Human Neuroimaging Studies > Discussion
Reported p = .07 · recomputed p = .065
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Doesn’t add upχ²(1) = 3.417reported p = .07 · recomputed p = .065
“χ 2 (1, N = 33) = 3.417, p = .07”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 5.215reported p < .05 · recomputed p = .022
“χ 2 (1, N = 33) = 5.215, p < .05”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Self-check results appear here once an independent check has confirmed them.
Citations
Cites
An Integrative Theory of Prefrontal Cortex Function
Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.167 · Cited by 12,803
How do you feel — now? The anterior insula and human awareness
(Bud) Craig, A. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2555 · Cited by 6,657
Talairach, J., Tournoux, P., & Rayport, M. (1988) · Thieme eBooks · Cited by 5,058
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.1.224 · Cited by 4,671
The cognitive control of emotion
OCHSNER, K., & GROSS, J. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010 · Cited by 4,495
Self-citationBinder, J. R., Desai, R. H., Graves, W. W., & Conant, L. L. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp055 · Cited by 4,060
Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition
Amodio, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1884 · Cited by 3,782
Contributions of the Amygdala to Emotion Processing: From Animal Models to Human Behavior
Phelps, E. A., & LeDoux, J. E. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.09.025 · Cited by 3,203 · cited 2×
“Keywords: affect, fMRI, meta-analysis, reappraisal”
MethodEmotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex
Etkin, A., Egner, T., & Kalisch, R. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.11.004 · Cited by 3,059 · cited 6×
“…signal” that can be triggered by diverse brain pathways, including high-level cognitive areas in the dlPFC. Finally, in another influential review, Etkin et al. (2011) suggested that vmPFC and adjacent regions might “perform a generic negative emotion inhibitory function that can be recruited…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRethinking feelings: an fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion
Ochsner, K. N., Bunge, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902760807212 · Cited by 2,520
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- 2012, Cerebral Cortex, 23, 739
- Fusar-Poli, 2009, Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 34, 418
- 2012, 3, 616
- 2012, Cerebral Cortex, 23, 399
- 2008, GROUP PROCESS INTERGR RELAT, 11, 145
- Reynolds, 2002, Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 7308
- 2012, Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 8, 341
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,100 of 1,903
Zhu, Z., Aitken, J. A., Kim, J., Baines, J. I., Kaplan, S. A., Dalal, R. S., & Hassani, J. (2025) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.70020 · Cited by 14
Pupil responses to emotion regulation strategies: the role of attachment orientations
Domic‐Siede, M., Guzmán‐González, M., Sánchez‐Corzo, A., Granillo, L., Salazar, C., Silva, M. N., Ortiz, R., & Ossandón, T. (2025) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2025.2512886 · Cited by 11
Cognition, Coping, and Psychological Distress in HIV
Banerjee, N., Goodman, Z. T., McIntosh, R. C., & Ironson, G. H. (2021) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-021-03462-y · Cited by 11
Hehr, A., Iadipaolo, A. S., Morales, A., Cohen, C., Taub, J. W., Harper, F. W. K., Goldberg, E., Bluth, M. H., Rabinak, C. A., & Marusak, H. A. (2022) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/pbc.29917 · Cited by 14
Wang, Y., Vantieghem, I., Dong, D., Nemegeer, J., Mey, J. D., Schuerbeek, P. V., Marinazzo, D., & Vandekerckhove, M. M. P. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12091215 · Cited by 11
“Although in the emotion regulation literature, the effectiveness of emotion regulation is generally defined by a more cognitive proned top-down immediate control and reduction of negative emotional experiences [63,64], it is clear that not only the contextual bottom-up and top-down generation of the emotional stressor…”
BackgroundWang, M., Zhang, K., Zhang, J., Dong, G., Zhang, H., & Du, X. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142957 · Cited by 11
“There is increasing evidence that the DLPFC plays a key role in the top-down control of emotion [33,34,35].”
BackgroundNeural Foundations of Mood-Induced Impulsivity and Impulsive Aggression in Schizophrenia
Hoptman, M. J., & Ahmed, A. O. (2016) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-016-0081-6 · Cited by 13
Early-Life stress modulates neural networks associated with habitual use of reappraisal
Khawli, E. E., Fan, Y., Aust, S., Wirth, K., Bönke, L., Stevense, A., Herrera, A. L., Metz, S., Loayza, A., Bajbouj, M., et al. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.018 · Cited by 11
Bastiaansen, J. A., Bennik, E. C., Marsman, J.-B., Ormel, J., Aleman, A., & Oldehinkel, A. J. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202888 · Cited by 13
“…participants are instructed to respond naturally to pictures, without explicitly attempting to alter their feelings (uninstructed regulation) or to downregulate their NA through reinterpretation of negative pictures (instructed downregulation) ([18], for a list of reappraisal studies see [6]).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Cognitive Reappraisal on Reactive Aggression: An fMRI Study
Qi, J., Hou, L., Wang, H., & Li, C. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01903 · Cited by 13
右腹外侧前额叶对高抑郁水平成年人社会情绪调节的作用：一项tDCS研究
ZHANG, D., Zhenli, L. I. U., Yu, C. H. E. N., & Mai, X. (2019) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2019.00207 · Cited by 11
“00 27 9v 1 疗, 必须采用多次重复刺激才有可能改善抑郁症患者的情绪调节能力。 第二, 采用 tDCS 激活 RVLPFC 时, 被试通过情绪调节(认知重评策略)可以显著减弱由 社会排斥引发的负性情绪体验, 但此情绪调节效应对于由个体负性情境引发的负性情绪调 节效果稍弱。这一结果提示, VLPFC 不仅是一般性情绪调节的重要脑区(Buhle et al., 2014; Kohn et al., 2014), 它还对社会排斥等社会负性情境的情绪调节具有特异性。先前的脑成像实 验发现, 被试在社会排斥情境下其大脑的 RVLPFC 和背侧扣带回(dorsal anterior…”
A Neuroscience Perspective on Emotional Development
Morales, S., & Fox, N. A. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-17332-6_4 · Cited by 14
Martin, R., Silvers, J. A., Hardi, F. A., Stephano, T., Helion, C., Insel, C., Franz, P. J., Ninova, E., Lander, J. P., Mischel, W., et al. (2019) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100675 · Cited by 11
Self-citationGechter, J., Liebscher, C., Geiger, M. J., Wittmann, A., Schlagenhauf, F., Lueken, U., Wïttchen, H., Pfleiderer, B., Arolt, V., Kircher, T. T. J., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102029 · Cited by 11
“Such activations in prefrontal regions as the OFC have been linked to emotion regulation processes (Buhle et al., 2014; Kohn et al., 2014) and aforesaid activation patterns in the neural fear circuit could therefore be interpreted as attempts of a compensatory top-down control.”
BackgroundThe Role of Language in the Construction of Emotion and Memory
Satpute, A. B., Nook, E. C., & Cakar, M. E. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190881511.003.0004 · Cited by 14
Kobayashi, M. S., Ikeda, T., Tokuda, T., Monden, Y., Nagashima, M., Mizushima, S. G., Inoue, T., Shimamura, K., Ujiie, Y., Akari, A., et al. (2020) · Neurophotonics · doi:10.1117/1.nph.7.2.025003 · Cited by 11
“It has been reported that the DLPFC plays an important role in the modulation of aggressive behavior(54) and regulation of emotional response.(55,56) The premotor cortex is activated for perception of whole-body expressions of emotion(57) and is involved in action preparation and execution.”
BackgroundMcDonald, B., Becker, K., Meshi, D., Heekeren, H. R., & von Scheve, C. (2020) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-020-00802-8 · Cited by 12
Weineck, F., Hauke, G., Lindemann, H., Lachenmeir, K., Schnebel, A., Karačić, M., Meule, A., Voderholzer, U., & Pollatos, O. (2020) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2813 · Cited by 13
Enhancing reappraisal of negative emotional memories with transcranial direct current stimulation
Doerig, N., Seinsche, R. J., Moisa, M., Seifritz, E., Ruff, C. C., & Kleim, B. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93647-1 · Cited by 11
Stress-elicited neural activity in young adults varies with childhood sexual abuse
Purcell, J. B., Goodman, A. M., Harnett, N. G., Davis, E. S., Wheelock, M. D., Mrug, S., Elliott, M. N., Emery, S. T., Schuster, M. A., & Knight, D. C. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.12.020 · Cited by 13
“, dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC) are also responsible for important emotion processes, including the reappraisal of emotion and the redirection of attention (Buhle et al., 2014; Casey et al., 2017; Wager et al., 2008).”
BackgroundNeural activity during cognitive reappraisal in chronic low back pain: a preliminary study
Ng, S. K., Urquhart, D. M., Fitzgerald, P. B., Kirkovski, M., Cicuttini, F., Maller, J. J., Enticott, P. G., Rossell, S. L., & Fitzgibbon, B. M. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2020-0146 · Cited by 10
Gianaros, P. J., Rasero, J., DuPont, C. M., Kraynak, T. E., Gross, J. J., McRae, K., Wright, A. G. C., Verstynen, T., & Barinas‐Mitchell, E. (2022) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-021-00098-y · Cited by 10
Modeling the effect of regulation of negative emotions on mood
Abro, A. H., Klein, M. C. A., Manzoor, A. R., Tabatabaei, S. A., & Jan Treur, A. (2015) · Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures · doi:10.1016/j.bica.2015.06.003 · Cited by 11
Falquez, R., Dinu-Biringer, R., Stopsack, M., Arens, E. A., Wick, W., & Barnow, S. (2015) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-151242 · Cited by 13
TEAMwork: Testing Emotional Attunement and Mutuality During Parent-Adolescent fMRI
Kerr, K. L., Cosgrove, K. T., Ratliff, E. L., Burrows, K., Misaki, M., Moore, A. J., DeVille, D. C., Silk, J. S., Tapert, S. F., Bodurka, J., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00024 · Cited by 10
Shackman, A. J., Fox, A. S., & Seminowicz, D. A. (2015) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x15000679 · Cited by 11
Ullah, N., Gao, Z., Liu, R., & Jan Treur, A. (2020) · Journal of Information and Telecommunication · doi:10.1080/24751839.2020.1724738 · Cited by 10
“The former refers to a form of re-interpretation by changing one ’ s belief about something, i.e. that can be from negative to positive or vice versa (Buhle et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSokołowski, A., Folkierska-Żukowska, M., Jednoróg, K., Wypych, M., & Dragan, W. Ł. (2021) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-021-00880-y · Cited by 10
Changes in intrinsic functional brain connectivity related to occupational stress of firefighters
Lee, D., Kim, W., Lee, J. E., Lee, J., Kim, Y. T., Lee, S., Oh, S., Park, K., Koh, S. B., Kim, C., et al. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114688 · Cited by 11
Emotion regulation in young adults with family history of harmful alcohol use: A fMRI study
Kirk‐Provencher, K. T., Penner, A. E., Kateri Mcrae, A., & Gowin, J. L. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109752 · Cited by 10
Exercise therapy for chronic pain: How does exercise change the limbic brain function?
Senba, E., & Kami, K. (2023) · Neurobiology of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100143 · Cited by 15
“Cognitive reappraisal activated lateral temporal cortex and modulated bilateral Amyg (Buhle et al., 2014).”
BackgroundNeuroimaging in Adolescents: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Risk for Substance Use Disorders
Etami, Y., Lildharrie, C., Manza, P., Wang, G., & Volkow, N. D. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14122113 · Cited by 11
“…controls, adolescents aged 11–18 affected by interpersonal violence exposure and PTSD showed increases in intraparietal sulcus (IPS) cortical thickness, a crucial component of the fron-toparietal cognitive control network necessary for learning and emotional processing compared to controls [68–70].”
BackgroundPorcu, M., Cocco, L., Cau, R., Suri, J. S., Mannelli, L., Manchia, M., Puig, J., Yang, Q., & Saba, L. (2023) · Brain Topography · doi:10.1007/s10548-023-01020-4 · Cited by 11
“Additionally, it is known that CR tends to reduce activation in limbic regions, particularly the amygdala (Buhle et al. 2014; Nelson et al. 2015).”
The influence of acute stress exposure on cognitive reappraisal: a psychophysiological study
Wessa, M., Sandner, M., Rimpel, J., & Schönfelder, S. (2024) · Stress · doi:10.1080/10253890.2024.2329663 · Cited by 13
“Note, however, that cognitive reap-praisal is known to rely heavily on prefrontal functioning (Buhle et al., 2014): to reappraise an aversive situation requires the ability to think of an alternative interpretation (cognitive flexibility) and to successfully implement and defend it against…”
Time-varying EEG networks of major depressive disorder during facial emotion tasks
Yang, J., Li, B., Dong, W., Gao, X., & Lin, Y. (2024) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-024-10111-2 · Cited by 12
“The frontal and lateral temporal regions were associated with emotion regulation (Buhle et al., 2014; Wager et al. 2008; Kohn et al., 2014).”
Janet, R., Smallwood, J., Hutcherson, C. A. C., Plaßmann, H., Mckeown, B., & Tusche, A. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2314224121 · Cited by 11
“This finding is consistent with a large body of work implicating this brain circuit in goal - related behaviors and cognitive control (59–61).”
ResultSouter, N. E., de Freitas, A., Zhang, M., Shao, X., Alam, T. R. G., Engen, H. G., Smallwood, J., Krieger‐Redwood, K., & Jefferies, E. (2024) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26703 · Cited by 10
“Left IFG and pMTG have both been implicated in emotion reappraisal (Buhle et al., 2014; Kohn et al., 2014; Messina et al., 2015), a regulation strategy that relies on controlled processing (Braunstein et al., 2017).”
BackgroundDecoding acceptance and reappraisal strategies from resting state macro networks
Ghomroudi, P. A., Šiugždaitė, R., Messina, I., & Grecucci, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-68490-9 · Cited by 13
Liu, Y., Li, M., Zhang, B., Qin, W., Gao, Y. H., Jing, Y., & Li, J. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03062-z · Cited by 10
Harsh parenting, amygdala functional connectivity changes across childhood, and behavioral problems
Koyama, Y., Tiemeier, H. W., Huang, P., Chan, S. Y., Sudo, M., Kyeong, Y., Meaney, M. J., Setoh, P., & Tan, A. P. (2024) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329172400196x · Cited by 11
“The generation of an emotional response involves the perception of stimuli, the deployment of attention, and the appraisal of the significance of stimuli, taking into account both positive and negative valence (Buhle et al., 2014).”
Pang, Y., Tse, B., Liu, W., & Yang, Q. (2024) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-024-01246-5 · Cited by 13
“More specifically, cognitive reappraisal refers to changing emotions by re-interpreting an emotionally charged scenario or event (Buhle et al. 2014; Gross and John 2003); whereas mindfulness involves a state of “non-appraisal” and “non-evaluation” to cope with emotional events without judgement…”
The neural correlates of emotion processing and reappraisal as reflected in EEG
Chen, J., van de Vijver, I., Canny, E., Kenemans, J. L., & Baas, J. M. P. (2024) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2024.112467 · Cited by 11
Neural correlates and plasticity of explicit emotion regulation following the experience of trauma
Konrad, A. C., Miu, A. C., Trautmann, S., & Kanske, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1523035 · Cited by 10
“…participants, reappraisal engages a network of regions associated with cognitive control, (prefrontal cortex; PFC), conflict monitoring (anterior cingulate cortex; ACC), and semantic processing or perspective taking (middle temporal gyrus; Kanske et al., 2011; Buhle et al., 2014; see Figure 1).”
Neural correlates of cognitive reappraisal of positive and negative affect in older adults
Halfmann, K., Hedgcock, W. M., & Denburg, N. L. (2019) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2019.1693970 · Cited by 10
Camacho, M. C., Williams, E. M., Ding, K., & Perlman, S. B. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100917 · Cited by 10
Burr, D. A., Pizzie, R. G., & Kraemer, D. J. M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247246 · Cited by 13
“Multiple studies have illustrated that reappraisal helps reduce negative affect and combat the potentially harmful effects of chronic stress (Buhle et al., 2013; Denny et al. 2015; Dore et al. 2016; Goldin, McRae, Ramel, & Gross, 2008; Jamieson et al., 2010).”
BackgroundStretton, J., Schweizer, S., & Dalgleish, T. (2022) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.86431 · Cited by 10
Smits, F., Geuze, E., de Kort, G. J., Kouwer, K., Geerlings, L., van Honk, J., & Schutter, D. J. L. G. (2022) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1016/j.neurom.2022.05.002 · Cited by 10
Trait coping styles and the maternal neural and behavioral sensitivity to an infant
Kim, P., Grande, L. A., Dufford, A. J., Erhart, A., Tribble, R. C., & YEH, T. P. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18339-w · Cited by 11
Sugiura, M., Katayori, Y., Muratsubaki, T., Shiratori, M., Hanawa, S., Nejad, K. K., Tamura, D., Kawashima, R., & Fukudo, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1059158 · Cited by 12
“Deactivation or suppression of the sensorimotor cortex has not been detected in meta-analyses of reappraisal (Buhle et al., 2014; Frank et al., 2014; Kohn et al., 2014; Morawetz et al., 2017b) or acceptance (Messina et al.”
BackgroundThe need to change: Is there a critical role of midlife adaptation in mental health later in life?
Thams, F., & Brassen, S. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.82390 · Cited by 21
“In other words, engaging in cognitively costly strategies (e.g. reappraisal, Buhle et al., 2014 ) occurs when the expected benefits of doing so outweigh the costs ( Kool et al., 2018 ).”
Steinhoff, A., Johnson‐Ferguson, L., Bechtiger, L., Murray, A. L., Hepp, U., Ribeaud, D., Eisner, M., & Shanahan, L. (2023) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/02724316231181660 · Cited by 14
“Previous research mostly focused on the effectiveness of coping strategies in alleviating distress (Buhle et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2021), and the therapeutic approaches suitable for supporting the necessary adaptive coping skills (Regehr et al., 2013; Yeo et al., 2020), but less on whether…”
BackgroundEmotion regulation from an action-control perspective
Bramson, B., Toni, I., & Roelofs, K. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105397 · Cited by 18
Laicher, H., Int-Veen, I., Woloszyn, L., Wiegand, A., Kroczek, A., Sippel, D., Leehr, E. J., Lawyer, G., Albasini, F., Frischholz, C., et al. (2023) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103525 · Cited by 12
“On a neural level, studies using fMRI showed an association of ER with enhanced activation in parts of the CCN such as the DLPFC (Buhle et al., 2014; Burklund et al., 2014; Guendelman et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialVicheva, P., Osborne, C., Krieg, S. M., Ahmadi, R., & Shotbolt, P. (2024) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111147 · Cited by 14
“Moreover, to assess the neural correlates of cognitive reappraisal for emotion regulation, a meta-analysis (Buhle et al., 2014) of 48 neuroimaging studies utilised neuroimaging contrasts of healthy subjects viewing negative images with the instruction to either perform cognitive reappraisal to…”
MethodResultBertocci, M. A., Bebko, G. M., Dwojak, A., Iyengar, S., Ladouceur, C. D., Fournier, J. C. J., Versace, A., Perlman, S. B., Almeida, J., Travis, M. J., et al. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.06.009 · Cited by 11
“Our aim was to test relationships among changes in neural activity over time in regions supporting this emotional regulation subprocess, including amygdala, dorso- and ventrolateral prefrontal, and dorsal anterior cingulate cortices (28,32-34), and longitudinal changes in emotional dysregulation symptoms in LAMS youth.”
BackgroundBratec, S. M., Xie, X., Wang, Y., Schilbach, L., Zimmer, C., Wohlschläger, A. M., Riedl, V., & Sorg, C. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.078 · Cited by 9
“, 2011), cognitive emotion regulation (CER) represents a unique human ability of using cognitive resources in order to face aversive emotional stimuli in a flexible way (Buhle et al., 2014; Gross, 2002; Kalisch, 2009).”
BackgroundHua, J. P. Y., Trull, T. J., Merrill, A. M., Myers, O. T. T., Straub, K. T., & Kerns, J. G. (2020) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10155-8 · Cited by 8
“These regions include the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC; Buhle et al. 2014) as well as the insula/putamen and cerebellum (Dillon and Pizzagalli 2013; Picó-Pérez et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialAn Approach to Neuroimaging Interpersonal Interactions in Mental Health Interventions
Crum, J. E., II, Zhang, X., Noah, A., Hamilton, A. F. D. C., Tachtsidis, I., Burgess, P. W., & Joy Hirsch, C. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.01.008 · Cited by 12
Wang, Y., Li, L., Cai, J., Li, H., & Wang, C. (2022) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsac048 · Cited by 10
“On the contrary, the DMPFC has been identified as an important region engaged in cognitive processing to regulate emotions (Buhle et al., 2013; LeWinn et al., 2018).”
BackgroundPacitto, R., Peters, C., Iadipaolo, A. S., & Rabinak, C. A. (2022) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109222 · Cited by 10
Child Anxiety and the Processing of Ambiguity
Dodd, H. F., Stuijfzand, S., Morris, T. M., & Hudson, J. L. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9689-1 · Cited by 10
“…dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortext (dlPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortext (vlPFC) and posterior parietal lobe and further, that reappraisal modulates activity in bilateral amygdala, which is strongly linked with emotional responding (Buhle et al. 2014).”
BackgroundVariation in CACNA1C is Associated with Amygdala Structure and Function in Adolescents
Sumner, J. A., Sheridan, M. A., Drury, S. S., Esteves, K. C., Walsh, K., Koenen, K. C., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2015) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0047 · Cited by 11
“2004) that has been used in dozens of investigations (Buhle et al. 2014), including with children and adolescents (McRae et al.”
Merchant, J. S., Cosme, D., Berkman, E. T., Giuliani, N. R., & Dirks, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2020.578676 · Cited by 9
“This interpretation is line with studies showing the engagement of these regions during regulatory processes (see Buhle et al., 2014 for meta-analysis).”
ResultSex and Hormonal Effects on Drug Cue Reactivity and Its Regulation in Human Addiction
Huang, Y., Butelman, E. R., Ceceli, A. O., Kronberg, G., King, S. G., McClain, N. E., Wong, Y. Y., Boros, M., Drury, K., Sinha, R., et al. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2025.05.016 · Cited by 10
Pozo-Rodríguez, M., Cruz, S., Zubizarreta, S. C.-P., Carracedo, Á., Tubío-Fungueiriño, M., & Fernández‐Prieto, M. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106570 · Cited by 12
Brain Activation and Functional Connectivity of Reappraisal and Acceptance for Anxious Events
Tsujimoto, M., Matsuzaki, Y., Yamaya, N., & Kawashima, R. (2023) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0033-23.2023 · Cited by 8
“…demonstrated that reappraisal recruits cognitive control regions, such as the prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule (Ochsner et al., 2012; Buhle et al., 2014; Frank et al., 2014; Morawetz et al., 2017) and involves the negative functional coupling between the prefrontal cortex and…”
BackgroundChange brings new life: the influence of parental alienation behaviors on adolescent depression
Wang, K., Xie, X., Zhang, T., Liu, F., Huang, Y., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04973-8 · Cited by 9
Frontal theta oscillations during emotion regulation in people with borderline personality disorder
Haaf, M., Polomac, N., Starčević, A., Lack, M., Kellner, S., Dohrmann, A.-L., Fuger, U., Steinmann, S., Rauh, J., Nolte, G., et al. (2024) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2024.17 · Cited by 11
Shi, Y., Shi, G., Zhao, S., Wang, B., Yang, Y., Li, H., Zhang, J., Wang, J., Li, X., & O'Connor, M. (2024) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2024.2403250 · Cited by 11
“Moreover, the SMG’s importance in cognitive reappraisal, selective attention, and inhibitory control (Buhle et al., 2014; Picó-Pérez et al., 2017) suggests that its impairment could hinder effective attentional deployment.”
BackgroundDiscrimination Exposure, Neural Reactivity to Stress, and Psychological Distress
Grey, D. K., Purcell, J. B., Buford, K. N., Schuster, M. A., Elliott, M. N., Emery, S. T., Mrug, S., & Knight, D. C. (2024) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20220884 · Cited by 9
Márquez, A. C., Ampatzoglou, A., Rojas-Rincón, J., Garcia-Casanovas, A., Garolera, M., Fernández-Capo, M., & Porras-García, B. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15031223 · Cited by 22
Martin, U., Lorenz, S., Spitzer, M., Steigleder, L., Kammer, T., & Grön, G. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.015 · Cited by 10
“Another alternative route of entrance of signal modulation in the VTA could happen via direct influence of right VLPFC over the amygdala as suggested by a recent meta-analysis showing convergent connectivity of all amygdala subregions with the midVLPFC (Kerestes, Chase, Phillips, Ladouceur, & Eickhoff, 2017), confirmi…”
Stretton, J., Walsh, N., Mobbs, D., Schweizer, S., van Harmelen, A., Lombardo, M. V., Goodyer, I. M., & Dalgleish, T. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2005 · Cited by 9
Clarà, M. (2020) · New Ideas in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2019.100776 · Cited by 14
Franklin‐Gillette, S., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51890-5_29 · Cited by 11
Carìa, A., & Grecucci, A. (2022) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14237 · Cited by 9
“…of regions in the central executive network (CEN) and salience network (SN) during both real-time fMRI-based regulation and emotion regulation (Buhle, et al., 2014; Caria, 2020; Emmert, et al., 2016; Etkin, Buchel, & Gross, 2015; Kohn, et al., 2014; Ochsner, Silvers, & Buhle, 2012) we…”
BackgroundCheng, Y., Peters, B. R., & MacNamara, A. (2023) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14385 · Cited by 16
Danböck, S. K., Duek, O. A., Ben‐Zion, Z., Korem, N., Amen, S. L., Kelmendi, B., Wilhelm, F. H., Levy, I., & Harpaz‐Rotem, I. (2023) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-023-06479-4 · Cited by 10
“…it was not observed in two other regions of the mPFC: the dmPFC, a region linked to more explicit emotion regulation strategies (e.g., reappraisal; Buhle et al. 2014; Etkin et al. 2015), and the amPFC, a region associated with evaluative judgment and self-referential processes (Zysset et al.…”
Wang, J., Yang, J.-M., Yang, Z.-Z., Gao, W., Zhang, H., Ji, K. C., Klugah-Brown, B., Yuan, J.-J., & Biswal, B. B. (2023) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhad402 · Cited by 7
Wang, H., Zhang, L., Guan, B.-Y., Wang, S.-Y., Zhang, C.-H., Ni, M.-F., Miao, Y.-W., & Zhang, B.-W. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.007 · Cited by 9
Motivation and Pleasure Deficits Undermine the Benefits of Social Affiliation in Psychosis
Blanchard, J. J., Smith, J. F., Bennett, M. E., Orth, R. D., Savage, C. L. G., McCarthy, J. M., Coan, J. A., & Shackman, A. J. (2024) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026241227886 · Cited by 9
“The DAN has been implicated in a wide variety of attentionally demanding tasks, including sustained states of vigilant attention (Esterman et al., 2012) and the deliberate regulation of negative mood (Buhle et al., 2014; Morawetz et al., 2020).”
Functional Brain Connectivity During Fear of Pain: A Comparison Between Dental Phobics and Controls
Scharmüller, W., Wabnegger, A., & Schienle, A. (2014) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2014.0297 · Cited by 9
“While healthy individuals automatically recruit emotion regulation areas to control limbic regions, this is not the case in patients (Buhle et al., 2014).”
Brain activation during disorder-related script-driven imagery in panic disorder: a pilot study
Burkhardt, A., Buff, C., Brinkmann, L., Feldker, K., Gathmann, B., Hofmann, D., & Straube, T. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38990-0 · Cited by 11
Good things better? Reappraisal and discrete emotions in acquired brain injury
Rowlands, L., Coetzer, R., & Turnbull, O. H. (2019) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2019.1620788 · Cited by 11
Regulation of emotions during experimental endotoxemia: A pilot study
Hansson, L. S., Axelsson, J., Petrović, P., Göranson, S. P., Olsson, M. J., Lekander, M., & Lasselin, J. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.013 · Cited by 9
Bendall, R. C. A., Eachus, P., & Thompson, C. R. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-04964-y · Cited by 9
Chen, Q., Zhao, J., Gu, H., & Li, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.897595 · Cited by 9
Alcon, C. A., & Wang-Price, S. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2022.959609 · Cited by 10
The Three-Process Model of Implicit and Explicit Emotion
Smith, R. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190881511.003.0003 · Cited by 10
Sharing the Fun? How Social Information Affects Viewers’ Video Enjoyment and Video Evaluations
Möller, A. M., Baumgartner, S. E., Kühne, R., et al. (2020) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1093/hcr/hqaa013 · Cited by 9
Inherited tandem duplication of the X chromosome: dup(X)(q13.2-q21.2) in a family.
Hou, J. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 9
Interactive influences of emotion and extraversion on visual attention
Bendall, R. C. A., Begley, S., & Thompson, C. R. (2021) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.2387 · Cited by 10
Clen, S. L., Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118528563.wbcbt05 · Cited by 10
Büssing, A., Recchia, D. R., Hein, R., et al. (2020) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-107651/v1 · Cited by 9
Inner speech moderates the relationship between autism spectrum traits and emotion regulation
Albein-Urios, N., Youssef, G., Klas, A., & Enticott, P. G. (2021) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04750-7 · Cited by 8
Large-scale functional brain networks for consciousness
Han, M.-E., Park, S. Y., & Oh, S.-O. (2021) · Anatomy & Cell Biology · doi:10.5115/acb.20.305 · Cited by 9
“V- (Area 11) and D2- (Area 8) are associated with emotional and executive processes, respectively [65, 66], and M- (Area 10) and D1-(Area 9) are associated with neutral and observing selfs, respectively [67, 68].”
BackgroundHortelano, P. A., Martens, M., Pringle, A., & Harmer, C. J. (2023) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-023-06395-7 · Cited by 8
“This task activation is consistent with previous literature investigating ER through reappraisal (Ochsner et al. 2002; Phan et al. 2005; Frank et al. 2014; Buhle et al. 2014; Reinecke et al. 2015; Paschke et al. 2016; Morawetz et al. 2017; Picó-Pérez et al. 2017; Nguyen et al. 2019; Hassa et al. 2021).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMa, X., Wang, X., & Gao, Z. (2023) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/21676968231186022 · Cited by 15
“In response to aversive events, cognitive reappraisal has been demonstrated to reduce subjective ratings of negative emotions and modulate the neurobiological correlates of negative emotion (Buhle et al., 2014).”
BackgroundGoal-Dependent Hippocampal Representations Facilitate Self-Control
Edelson, M. G., & Hare, T. A. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0951-22.2023 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Buhle, J. T., Silvers, J. A., Wager, T. D., Lopez, R., Onyemekwu, C., Kober, H., Weber, J., & Ochsner, K. N.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-06-13
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2981-2990
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC4193464
- OpenAlex
- W2136449688
- Cited by
- 1,896
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 160 · 2025: 152 · 2024: 148 · 2023: 142 · 2022: 156 · 2021: 189 · 2020: 216 · 2019: 151 · 2018: 160 · 2017: 126 · 2016: 113 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 71 · 2013: 10
- FWCI
- 8.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0631637)
- National Institutes of Health (MH076136)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076137, MH094056, F31MH094056, R01MH076136)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA022541, RC1DA028608, R01DA027794, K12DA000167)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD069178)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- cognitive reappraisal, emotion regulation, amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, cognitive control, lateral temporal cortex, semantic representation, negative affect, fear extinction, emotional responses
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Emotions, Humans, PubMed, Neuroimaging
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
