Reward Motivation Enhances Task Coding in Frontoparietal Cortex
Open accessAbstract
Reward motivation often enhances task performance, but the neural mechanisms underlying such cognitive enhancement remain unclear. Here, we used a multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) approach to test the hypothesis that motivation-related enhancement of cognitive control results from improved encoding and representation of task set information. Participants underwent two fMRI sessions of cued task switching, the first under baseline conditions, and the second with randomly intermixed reward incentive and no-incentive trials. Information about the upcoming task could be successfully decoded from cue-related activation patterns in a set of frontoparietal regions typically associated with task control. More critically, MVPA classifiers trained on the baseline session had significantly higher decoding accuracy on incentive than non-incentive trials, with decoding improvement mediating reward-related enhancement of behavioral performance. These results strongly support the hypothesis that reward motivation enhances cognitive control, by improving the discriminability of task-relevant information coded and maintained in frontoparietal brain regions.
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Changes in processing may be mediated by an enhancement of endogenous task-set representations in frontoparietal regions, which promotes task performance either more broadly or selectively depending on task demands.
“Recent evidence shows that these changes in processing may be mediated by an enhancement of endogenous task-set representations in frontoparietal regions (Etzel et al., 2015; Wisniewski et al., 2015), which promotes task performance either more broadly or selectively, depending on the specific task demands.”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Etzel et al., 2015
The Abstract and Discussion report that reward incentives improved decoding of task-set information in frontoparietal regions and that this improvement statistically mediated better performance in a cued task-switching experiment (Discussion, p. 1655). The paper does not establish that performance is promoted broadly or selectively depending on task demands; that extends beyond the condition it tested. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStronger task-set representations in frontoparietal regions due to incentive reward predicted higher accuracy on the task.
“More specifically, stronger task-set representations (measured as higher classification accuracy) in frontoparietal regions due to incentive reward predicted higher accuracy on the task (Etzel et al., 2015).”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Etzel et al., 2015
Better task decoding, as demonstrated by higher multivoxel pattern analysis classification accuracy, mediated changes in behavioral performance due to incentive reward.
“Critically, it was shown that better task decoding, as demonstrated by higher multivoxel pattern analysis classification accuracy, mediated changes in behavioral performance due to incentive reward.”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Etzel et al., 2015
Neuroimaging studies demonstrated more accurate decoding of task-set representations in frontoparietal regions on reward relative to no reward trials.
“Concurring evidence for this notion comes from recent neuroimaging studies that demonstrated more accurate decoding of task-set representations in frontoparietal regions on reward relative to no reward trials (Etzel, Cole, Zacks, Kay, & Braver, 2015; Wisniewski, Reverberi, Momennejad, Kahnt, & Haynes, 2015).”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Etzel et al., 2015
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“Recent evidence shows that these changes in processing may be mediated by an enhancement of endogenous task-set representations in frontoparietal regions (Etzel et al., 2015; Wisniewski et al., 2015), which promotes task performance either more broadly or selectively, depending on the specific task demands.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Role of the Parietal Cortex in the Representation of Task-Reward Associations
Wisniewski, D., Reverberi, C., Momennejad, I., Kahnt, T., & Haynes, J.-D. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4882-14.2015 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
- Authors
- Etzel, J. A., Cole, M. W., Zacks, J. M., Kay, K. N., & Braver, T. S.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Etzel, Joset A.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-01-19
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1647-1659
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC4785950
- OpenAlex
- W2141594097
- Cited by
- 132
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 8.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1s10rr022984-01a1)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG031150)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R37MH066078)
- National Center for Research Resources (S10 RR022984, 1S10RR022984-01A1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- reward motivation, cognitive control, frontoparietal cortex, task switching, incentives, multivariate pattern analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cues, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motivation, Neural Pathways, Parietal Lobe, Psychomotor Performance, Reward, Visual Perception, Young Adult, Executive Function
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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