Monetary Incentives Enhance Processing in Brain Regions Mediating Top-down Control of Attention
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of an abstract motivational incentive on top-down mechanisms of visual spatial attention, 10 subjects engaged in a target detection task and responded to targets preceded by spatially valid (predictive), invalid (misleading) or neutral central cues under three different incentive conditions: win money (WIN), lose money (LOSE), and neutral (neither gain nor lose). Activation in the posterior cingulate cortex was correlated with visual spatial expectancy, defined as the degree to which the valid cue benefited performance as evidenced by faster reaction times compared to non-directional cues. Winning and losing money enhanced this relationship via overlapping but independent limbic mechanisms. In addition, activity in the inferior parietal lobule was correlated with disengagement (the degree to which invalid cues diminished performance). This relationship was also enhanced by monetary incentives. Finally, incentive enhanced the relationship of activation in the visual cortex to visual spatial expectancy and disengagement for both types of incentive (WIN and LOSE). These results show that abstract incentives enhance neural processing within the attention network in a process- and valence-selective manner. They also show that different cognitive and motivational mechanisms may produce a common effect upon unimodal cortices in order to enhance processing to serve the current behavioral goal.
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Small et al. (2005) observed widespread activations of task-specific regions in response to reward-signaling cues presented prior to a trial in an fMRI spatial cueing task.
“For example, an fMRI study by Small et al. (2005), which used a spatial cueing task, observed widespread activations of task-specific regions in response to reward-signaling cues presented prior to a given trial.”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Small et al., 2005
Many brain areas considered important in orienting visuospatial attention showed increased activity when reward was at stake.
“As would be expected from a cueing task, many brain areas considered to be important in the orienting of visuospatial attention showed increased activity when reward was at stake.”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Small et al., 2005
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- Authors
- Small, D. M., Gitelman, D., Simmons, K., Bloise, S. M., Parrish, T., & Mesulam, M.-M.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Small, Dana M.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-03-02
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1855-1865
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2155276969
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG13854, K23AG000940, K23AG00940-04, P30AG013854)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS3086303, R01NS030863)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- financial incentives, visuospatial attention, posterior cingulate cortex, inferior parietal lobule, attentional disengagement, reward valence, visual cortex, cue validity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Brain, Eye Movements, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motivation, Parietal Lobe, Psychomotor Performance, Psychophysics, Reward, Space Perception, Thalamus, Visual Cortex
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