HDL and cholesterol handling in the brain
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS) of mammals. Brain cholesterol is synthesized in situ by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and is almost completely isolated from other pools of cholesterol in the body, but a small fraction can be taken up from the circulation as 27-hydroxycholesterol, or via the scavenger receptor class B type I. Glial cells synthesize native high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like particles, which are remodelled by enzymes and lipid transfer proteins, presumably as it occurs in plasma. The major apolipoprotein constituent of HDL in the CNS is apolipoprotein E, which is produced by astrocytes and microglia. Apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein component of plasma HDL, is not synthesized in the CNS, but can enter and become a component of CNS lipoproteins. Low HDL-C levels have been shown to be associated with cognitive impairment and various neurodegenerative diseases. On the contrary, no clear association with brain disorders has been shown in genetic HDL defects, with the exception of Tangier disease. Mutations in a wide variety of lipid handling genes can result in human diseases, often with a neuronal phenotype caused by dysfunctional intracellular lipid trafficking.
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Cholesterol, HDL-like particles, and apolipoprotein E are synthesized in situ by glial cells.
“Therefore, cholesterol, HDL-like particles, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are synthesized in situ by glial cells [16–18].”
From Sterol and lipid analyses identifies hypolipidemia and apolipoprotein disorders in autism associated with adaptive functioning deficits (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
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The Complex Role of Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer’s Disease: an Overview and Update
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Self-citationHDL Proteome and Alzheimer’s Disease: Evidence of a Link
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Brain Lipids and Lipid Droplet Dysregulation in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neuropsychiatric Disorders
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- Authors
- Vitali, C., Wellington, C. L., & Calabresi, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Calabresi, L.
- Venue
- Cardiovascular Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-06-06
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 405-413
- ISSN
- 0008-6363 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2098990121
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cardiovascular Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- high-density lipoprotein, brain cholesterol, cholesterol metabolism, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-I, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, 27-hydroxycholesterol, scavenger receptor class B type I, lipid transfer proteins, cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative diseases, Tangier disease, lipid trafficking, genetic lipid disorders
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Apolipoproteins, Brain, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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