Cited by 254Cholesterol and Lipid MetabolismLipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

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HDL and cholesterol handling in the brain

Vitali, C., Wellington, C. L., Calabresi, L.·2014·Cardiovascular Research

DOI 10.1093/cvr/cvu148

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Abstract

Cholesterol is an essential component of both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS) of mammals. Brain cholesterol is synthesized in situ by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and is almost completely isolated from other pools of cholesterol in the body, but a small fraction can be taken up from the circulation as 27-hydroxycholesterol, or via the scavenger receptor class B type I. Glial cells synthesize native high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like particles, which are remodelled by enzymes and lipid transfer proteins, presumably as it occurs in plasma. The major apolipoprotein constituent of HDL in the CNS is apolipoprotein E, which is produced by astrocytes and microglia. Apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein component of plasma HDL, is not synthesized in the CNS, but can enter and become a component of CNS lipoproteins. Low HDL-C levels have been shown to be associated with cognitive impairment and various neurodegenerative diseases. On the contrary, no clear association with brain disorders has been shown in genetic HDL defects, with the exception of Tangier disease. Mutations in a wide variety of lipid handling genes can result in human diseases, often with a neuronal phenotype caused by dysfunctional intracellular lipid trafficking.

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Authors: Vitali, C., Wellington, C. L., & Calabresi, L.
Affiliations: University of Milan (IT)
University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: Calabresi, L.
ORCID: Vitali, C.
Wellington, C. L.
Calabresi, L.
Venue: Cardiovascular Research
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2014-06-06
Volume: 103
Issue: 3
Pages: 405-413
ISSN: 0008-6363 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu148
OpenAlex: W2098990121
Cited by: 254
References: 131
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 3.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Cardiovascular Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords: high-density lipoprotein, brain cholesterol, cholesterol metabolism, apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein A-I, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, 27-hydroxycholesterol, scavenger receptor class B type I, lipid transfer proteins, cognitive impairment, neurodegenerative diseases, Tangier disease, lipid trafficking, genetic lipid disorders
MeSH terms: Animals, Apolipoproteins, Brain, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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