A new model of the role of psychological and emotional distress in promoting obesity: Conceptual review with implications for treatment and prevention
Abstract
The lack of significant treatment and prevention progress highlights the need for a more expanded strategy. Given the robust association between socioeconomic factors and obesity, combined with new insights into how socioeconomic disadvantage affects both behaviour and biology, a new causal model is proposed. The model posits that psychological and emotional distress is a fundamental link between socioeconomic disadvantage and weight gain. At particular risk are children growing up in a disharmonious family environment, mainly caused by parental socioeconomic disadvantage, where they are exposed to parental frustrations, relationship discord, a lack of support and cohesion, negative belief systems, unmet emotional needs and general insecurity. Without adequate resilience, such experiences increase the risk of psychological and emotional distress, including low self-esteem and self-worth, negative emotions, negative self-belief, powerlessness, depression, anxiety, insecurity and a heightened sensitivity to stress. These inner disturbances eventually cause a psycho-emotional overload, triggering a cascade of weight gain-inducing effects including maladaptive coping strategies such as eating to suppress negative emotions, chronic stress, appetite up-regulation, low-grade inflammation and possibly reduced basal metabolism. Over time, this causes obesity, circular causality and further weight gain. Tackling these proposed root causes of weight gain could potentially improve both treatment and prevention outcomes.
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Psychological factors have been identified as an important target for selective prevention and treatment of obesity in adolescents and underweight adolescents.
“Due to these multiple mental health concerns, psychological factors have been identified as an important target for selective prevention and treatment of obesity in adolescents [18] but also in underweight adolescents.”
From Psychopathological symptoms and well-being in overweight and underweight adolescents: A network analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Due to these multiple mental health concerns, psychological factors have been identified as an important target for selective prevention and treatment of obesity in adolescents [18] but also in underweight adolescents.”
BackgroundInstrumentalization of Eating Improves Weight Loss Maintenance in Obesity
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- Authors
- Hemmingsson, E.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Hemmingsson, E.
- ORCID
- Hemmingsson, E.
- Venue
- Obesity Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-06-16
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 769-779
- ISSN
- 1467-7881 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-789X
- OpenAlex
- W1682015741
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Obesity Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- psychological distress, emotional distress, obesity, socioeconomic deprivation, causal models, childhood family environment, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, stress sensitivity, maladaptive coping, chronic stress, low-grade inflammation, basal metabolic rate, obesity prevention, obesity treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Behavior Therapy, Diet, Emotions, Humans, Obesity, Risk Factors, Self Concept, Stress, Psychological, Weight Gain, Health Behavior
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