Translating Evidence-Based Dementia Caregiving Interventions into Practice: State-of-the-Science and Next Steps

Gitlin, Laura N.; Marx, Katherine; Stanley, Ian H.; Hodgson, Nancy

doi:10.1093/geront/gnu123

Cited by 336Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchHealth Policy Implementation ScienceNursing care and research

Translating Evidence-Based Dementia Caregiving Interventions into Practice: State-of-the-Science and Next Steps

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Gitlin, Laura N., Marx, Katherine, Stanley, Ian H., Hodgson, Nancy·2015·The Gerontologist

DOI 10.1093/geront/gnu123PMC PMC4542834

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Abstract

Over the past 3 decades, more than 200 dementia caregiver interventions have been tested in randomized clinical trials and found to be efficacious. Few programs have been translated for delivery in various service contexts, and they remain inaccessible to the 15+ million dementia family caregivers in the United States. This article examines translational efforts and offers a vision for more rapid advancement in this area. We summarize the evidence for caregiver interventions, review published translational efforts, and recommend future directions to bridge the research-practice fissure in this area. We suggest that as caregiver interventions are tested external to service contexts, a translational phase is required. Yet, this is hampered by evidentiary gaps, lack of theory to understand implementation challenges, insufficient funding and unsupportive payment structures for sustaining programs. We propose ways to advance translational activities and future research with practical applications.

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Certain CBT interventions show moderate effectiveness for broadly defined distress in ADRD caregivers.
“Some CBT based interventions have proven to be moderately effective in reducing ADRD caregiver distress, broadly defined (Kishita et al., 2018; Walter & Pinquart, 2020; Gitlin et al., 2015; Pinquart & Sorensen, 2006; Walter & Pinquart, 2020).”
From Feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-based ACT intervention for caregivers (TACTICs) of adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD): a randomized pilot during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2025) · cites this paper as Gitlin et al., 2015
In “How Can We Help Mrs. Smith?” (page unavailable), the paper says benefits from dementia-caregiver interventions overall are small to moderate. Its “Translational Activities” section reports improvements in caregiver burden and depression, but the passages do not establish that the moderately effective interventions were specifically CBT-based. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
TACTICs was created for complete telephone delivery by a non-licensed interventionist with a bachelor's degree, aiming to improve scalability of ADRD caregiver interventions.
“TACTICs was innovatively designed to be delivered completely by telephone by a non-licensed, Bachelor’s-prepared interventionist to specifically address the issue of scalability (Alzheimer’s Association, 2024; Gitlin et al., 2015) of ADRD caregiver interventions.”
From Feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-based ACT intervention for caregivers (TACTICs) of adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD): a randomized pilot during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2025) · cites this paper as Gitlin et al., 2015
CBT is less effective for ADRD caregiver anxiety or suffering.
“CBT is less effective at addressing ADRD caregiver anxiety or suffering (Cheng et al., 2019; Cooper, Balamurali, Selwood, et al., 2007; Gitlin et al., 2015; Olazarán & et al., 2010; Walter & Pinquart, 2020).”
From Feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-based ACT intervention for caregivers (TACTICs) of adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD): a randomized pilot during the COVID-19 pandemic. (2025) · cites this paper as Gitlin et al., 2015
The 'How Can We Help Mrs. Smith?' section describes small-to-moderate benefits from dementia caregiver interventions overall, but does not compare CBT with other approaches for caregiver anxiety or suffering. Searches for 'CBT,' 'cognitive behavioral,' and 'anxiety' found no passage addressing that comparative claim; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Bennett, S. H., Laver, K., Voigt-Radloff, S., Letts, L. J., Clemson, L. M., Graff, M. J. L., Wiseman, J., & Gitlin, L. N. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026308 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citation
Smartphone-Based Health Technologies for Dementia Care: Opportunities, Challenges, and Current Practices
Brown, E. L., Ruggiano, N., Li, J., Clarke, P., Kay, E. S., & Hristidis, V. (2017) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464817723088 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Chronic Stress, Social Isolation, and Perceived Loneliness in Dementia Caregivers
Kovaleva, M. A., Spangler, S. A., Clevenger, C. K., & Hepburn, K. W. (2018) · Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services · doi:10.3928/02793695-20180329-04 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Home is where the future is: The BrightFocus Foundation consensus panel on dementia care
Samus, Q. M., Black, B. S., Bovenkamp, D. E., Buckley, M. J., Callahan, C. M., Davis, K. C., Gitlin, L. N., Hodgson, N. A., Johnston, D. M., Kales, H. C., et al. (2017) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2017.10.006 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
Person-Centered Assessment and Care Planning
Molony, S. L., Kolanowski, A. M., Haitsma, K. S. V., & Rooney, K. E. (2017) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnx173 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“Designing person-centered approaches requires a detailed assessment of environmental and caregiving features that either support or detract from function, independence, and safety (Gitlin, Marx, Stanley, & Hodgson, 2015).”
Community REACH: An Implementation of an Evidence-Based Caregiver Program
Czaja, S. J., Lee, C. C., Perdomo, D. M., Loewenstein, D., Bravo, M., Moxley, J. H., & Schulz, R. (2018) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny001 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Conceptual Framework to Guide Intervention Research Across the Trajectory of Dementia Caregiving
Gallagher-Thompson, D. E., Bilbrey, A. C., Apesoa‐Varano, E. C., Ghatak, R., Kim, K. K., & Cothran, F. A. (2019) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnz157 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Interventions to support family caregivers of people living with dementia in high, middle and low-income countries in Asia: a scoping review
Hinton, L., Tran, D., Nguyen, T.-N., Ho, J., & Gitlin, L. (2019) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001830 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Tele.TAnDem Intervention: Telephone-based CBT for Family Caregivers of People With Dementia
Wilz, G., Reder, M., Lechner‐Meichsner, F., & Soellner, R. (2017) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnx183 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Development and Implementation of Tele-Savvy for Dementia Caregivers: A Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Demonstration Project
Griffiths, P. C., Whitney, M., Kovaleva, M. A., & Hepburn, K. W. (2015) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnv123 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Dementia-Related Education and Support Service Availability, Accessibility, and Use in Rural Areas: Barriers and Solutions
Bayly, M. K., Morgan, D., Chow, A. F., Kosteniuk, J. G., & Elliot, V. (2020) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980819000564 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“The majority of people with dementia worldwide live in the community, most with the support of informal caregivers and/or community services (Gould & Basta, 2013; Kasper, Freedman, Spillman, & Wolff, 2015; Lepore, Ferrell, & Wiener, 2017).”
Dementia caregiving across Latin America and the Caribbean and brain health diplomacy
Ibáñez, A., Pina-Escudero, S. D., Possin, K. L., Quiroz, Y. T., Peres, F. A., Slachevsky, A., Sosa, A. L., Brucki, S. M. D., & Miller, B. L. (2021) · The Lancet Healthy Longevity · doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00031-3 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Translating an evidence-based multicomponent intervention for older adults with dementia and caregivers
Teri, L., Logsdon, R. G., McCurry, S. M., Pike, K. C., & McGough, E. L. (2020) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny122 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Assistive technology and telecare to maintain independent living at home for people with dementia: the ATTILA RCT
Gathercole, R., Bradley, R., Harper, E., Davies, L., Pank, L., Lam, N., Davies, A., Talbot, E., Hooper, E., Winson, R., et al. (2021) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta25190 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The Care Ecosystem: Promoting self-efficacy among dementia family caregivers
Merrilees, J. J., Sideman, A. B., Dulaney, S., Heunis, J., Walker, R., Rah, E., Choi, J., Gawlas, K., Carroll, S., Ong, P., et al. (2018) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301218814121 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Consistency of dementia caregiver intervention classification: an evidence-based synthesis
Gaugler, J. E., Jutkowitz, E., Shippee, T. P., & Brasure, M. (2016) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610216001514 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“The evidence-base of dementia caregiver interventions has advanced to the point where many of these programs are now in translation in various community and clinical settings (Gitlin et al., 2015; Wethington and Burgio, 2015).”
Background
The effects of information and communication technologies on informal caregivers of persons living with dementia: A systematic review
Lucero, R. J., Fehlberg, E. A., Patel, A., Bjarnadóttir, R. I., Williams, R. S., Lee, K., Ansell, M., Henry, S. B., Luchsinger, J. A., & Mittelman, M. S. (2018) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.trci.2018.11.003 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“More than 200 non-ICT dementia caregiver interventions have been found to be efﬁcacious in RCTs during the past 3 decades [29].”
Background
CareHeroes Web and Android™ Apps for Dementia Caregivers
Brown, E., Ruggiano, N., Page, T. F., Roberts, L., Hristidis, V., Whiteman, K. L., & Castro, J. (2016) · Research in Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/19404921-20160229-02 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Caregiving families within the long-term services and support system for older adults.
Qualls, S. H. (2016) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0040252 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A systematic review of parent based programs to prevent or reduce alcohol consumption in adolescents
Hurley, E., Dietrich, T., & Rundle-Thiele, S. R. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7733-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Recommendations to Improve Payment Policies for Comprehensive Dementia Care
Lees Haggerty, K., Epstein‐Lubow, G., Spragens, L. H., Stoeckle, R. J., Evertson, L. C., Jennings, L. A., & Reuben, D. B. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16807 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Dissemination and Implementation of Evidence‐Based Dementia Care Using Embedded Pragmatic Trials
Gitlin, L. N., Baier, R. R., Jutkowitz, E., Baker, Z. G., Gustavson, A. M., Sefcik, J. S., Hodgson, N. A., Koeuth, S., & Gaugler, J. E. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16622 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“The lack of pragmatic testing has impeded adoption of interventions in HCSs, with families and health providers continuing to have limited knowledge of and access to evidence-based dementia care.(20,27) Another limiting factor has been the lack of attention to D&I concerns throughout an intervention’s developmental li…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Tele-Savvy: An Online Program for Dementia Caregivers
Griffiths, P. C., Kovaleva, M. A., Higgins, M. K., Langston, A. H., & Hepburn, K. W. (2018) · American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® · doi:10.1177/1533317518755331 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
What hinders and facilitates the implementation of nurse-led interventions in dementia care? A scoping review
Karrer, M., Hirt, J., Zeller, A., & Saxer, S. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01520-z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Care to Plan: An Online Tool That Offers Tailored Support to Dementia Caregivers
Gaugler, J. E., Reese, M., & Tanler, R. (2015) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnv150 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“As emerging intervention types are currently amassing higher quality evidence supporting their use (e.g., relaxation techniques; see Gitlin & Hodgson, 2015; Gitlin et al., 2015; The Alzheimer’s Association, 2015; Whitebird et al., 2013), it is possible that the seven intervention types included in the CtP may require…”
BackgroundInfluential
eHealth interventions to support caregivers of people with dementia may be proven effective, but are they implementation-ready?
Christie, H. L., Martin, J. L., Connor, J., Tange, H. J., Verhey, F. R. J., de Vugt, M. E., & Orrell, M. W. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100260 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“In general, funding bodies focus on new development, rather than sustainability and long-term implementation, meaning most academically-developed interventions reach very few caregivers (Gitlin et al., 2015).”
Background
Translation of the Care of Persons with Dementia in their Environments (COPE) intervention in a publicly-funded home care context: Rationale and research design
Fortinsky, R. H., Gitlin, L. N., Pizzi, L. T., Piersol, C. V., Grady, J. J., Robison, J. T., & Molony, S. L. (2016) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2016.07.006 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
Feasibility and acceptability of an acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for caregivers of adults with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias
Fowler, N. R., Judge, K. S., Lucas, K., Gowan, T., Stutz, P., Shan, M., Wilhelm, L., Parry, T., & Johns, S. A. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02078-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Walk a Mile in My Shoes:” African American Caregiver Perceptions of Caregiving and Self-Care
Cothran, F., Paun, O., Strayhorn, S. M., & Barnes, L. (2020) · Ethnicity and Health · doi:10.1080/13557858.2020.1734777 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Given that family caregivers spend over $9 billion in additional health care costs for their own health (AARP 2015; Alzheimer’s Association 2019), numerous interventions have been developed to improve the health outcomes of caregivers (Maslow 2012; Gitlin et al. 2015).”
Background
Psychometric Evaluation of Kingston Caregiver Stress Scale
Sadak, T., Korpak, A., Wright, J., Lee, M.-K., Noel, M., Buckwalter, K., & Borson, S. (2017) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2017.1313349 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“…stress increases both morbidity and mortality among caregivers (Schubert et al., 2008; Schulz & Beach, 1999) and that interventions can mitigate caregiver stress (Gitlin et al., 2015), but we do not routinely assess, monitor, or respond to this important health hazard in general medical settings.”
Background
United States Indigenous Populations and Dementia: Is There a Case for Culture-based Psychosocial Interventions?
Browne, C. V., Ka’opua, L. S., Jervis, L. L., Alboroto, R., & Trockman, M. L. (2016) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnw059 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Warm Technology: A Novel Perspective on Design for and with People Living with Dementia
IJsselsteijn, W. A., Tummers-Heemels, A., & Brankaert, R. (2020) · Human-computer interaction series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32835-1_3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Factors Influencing Emergency Care by Persons With Dementia: Stakeholder Perceptions and Unmet Needs
Jacobsohn, G. C., Hollander, M. M., Beck, A. P., Gilmore‐Bykovskyi, A. L., Werner, N. E., & Shah, M. N. (2019) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15737 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Advancing Care for Family Caregivers of persons with dementia through caregiver and community partnerships
White, C. L., Overbaugh, K. J., Pickering, C. E. Z., Piernik-Yoder, B., James, D., Patel, D. I., Puga, F., Ford, L. A., & Cleveland, J. A. (2018) · Research Involvement and Engagement · doi:10.1186/s40900-018-0084-4 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Informal Caregiver Burden, Benefits, and Older Adult Mortality: A Survival Analysis
Pristavec, T., & Luth, E. A. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaa001 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Impact of an Individualized Physical Activity Intervention on Improving Mental Health Outcomes in Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Farran, C. J., Paun, O., Cothran, F. A., Etkin, C. D., Rajan, K. B., Eisenstein, A., & Navaie, A. M. (2015) · AIMS Medical Science · doi:10.3934/medsci.2016.1.15 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Over the past 30 years, more than 200 psychoeducational randomized controlled trials have been conducted with dementia family caregivers and generally, these interventions have been effective [2].”
Building Better Caregivers: A Pragmatic 12-Month Trial of a Community-Based Workshop for Caregivers of Cognitively Impaired Adults
Lorig, K. R., Ritter, P. L., Laurent, D. D., & Yank, V. A. (2017) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464817741682 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Using care navigation to address caregiver burden in dementia: A qualitative case study analysis
Sideman, A. B., Merrilees, J. J., Dulaney, S., Harrison, K. L., Chiong, W., Ong, P., Heunis, J., Choi, J., Walker, R., Feuer, J. E., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12010 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Role of Telemedicine in the Management of the Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review
Nkodo, J.-A., Gana, W., Debacq, C., Aidoud, A., Poupin, P., Camus, V., & Fougère, B. (2022) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2022.01.013 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Building on Self-efficacy for Experienced Family Caregivers: The Savvy Advanced Program
Samia, L. W., O'Sullivan, A. L., Fallon, K. C., Aboueissa, A., & Hepburn, K. W. (2018) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gny016 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
An App-Based Mindfulness-Based Self-compassion Program to Support Caregivers of People With Dementia: Participatory Feasibility Study
Goodridge, D. M., Reis, N. A., Neiser, J., Haubrich, T., Westberg, B., Erickson-Lumb, L., Storozinski, J., Gonzales, C., Michael, J., Cammer, A. L., et al. (2021) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/28652 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Although extensive research has focused on developing programs to alleviate burden in primary caregivers of persons with dementia [20,21], access to these programs remains limited and fragmented for many family caregivers [17-22].”
Statewide Implementation of “Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease”: Impact on Family Caregiver Outcomes
Menne, H., Bass, D., Johnson, J. D., Primetica, B., Kearney, K. R., Bollin, S., Molea, M., & Teri, L. (2014) · Journal of gerontological social work · doi:10.1080/01634372.2013.870276 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Tailoring and evaluating the web-based ‘Partner in Balance’ intervention for family caregivers of persons with young-onset dementia
Bruinsma, J., Peetoom, K. K. B., Bakker, C., Boots, L. M. M., Millenaar, J., Verhey, F. R. J., & de Vugt, M. E. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100390 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Problem‐solving therapy reduces subjective burden levels in caregivers of family members with mild cognitive impairment or early‐stage dementia: Secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Garand, L., Morse, J. Q., ChiaRebecca, L., Barnes, J. L., Dadebo, V., López, O. L., & Dew, M. A. (2019) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5095 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Findings From a Real-World Translation Study of the Evidence-Based “Partners in Dementia Care”
Bass, D. M., Hornick, T., Kunik, M., Judge, K. S., Primetica, B., Kearney, K., Rentsch, J., Mccarthy, C., & Grim, J. (2019) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igz031 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“This type of translation study is essential for establishing whether real-world replications of proven evidence-based programs achieve similar positive outcomes as demonstrated in controlled research (Gitlin et al., 2015).”
Result
Caregiver self-efficacy improves following complex care training: Results from the Learning Skills Together pilot study
Meyer, K., Glassner, A. A., Norman, R. S., James, D., Sculley, R., LealVasquez, L., Hepburn, K. W., Liu, J., & White, C. L. (2022) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.03.013 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Implementing a Reablement Intervention, “Care of People With Dementia in Their Environments (COPE)”: A Hybrid Implementation-Effectiveness Study
Clemson, L. M., Laver, K., Rahja, M., Culph, J., Scanlan, J. N., Day, S., Comans, T. A., Jeon, Y., Low, L., Crotty, M., et al. (2020) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa105 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of Powerful Tools for Caregivers on Caregiver Burden and on Care Recipient Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Terracciano, A., Artese, A., Yeh, J., Edgerton, L., Granville, L. J., Aschwanden, D., Luchetti, M., Glueckauf, R. L., Stéphan, Y., Sutin, A. R., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.11.011 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“The main themes of each weekly two-hour class are: (1) Taking Care of You; (2) Identifying and Reducing Personal Stress; (3) Communicating Feelings, Needs, and Concerns; (4) Communicating in Terracciano et al.”
Background
Young onset dementia: Public involvement in co-designing community-based support
Mayrhofer, A. M., Mathie, E., McKeown, J., Goodman, C. M., Irvine, L., Hall, N., & Walker, M. (2018) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301218793463 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“PPI contributors saw social networks as being conducive to forming a post-diagnostic identity, establishing new social connections and developing and maintaining a sense of belonging, an approach that has been reported as effective for people affected by YOD (Davies-Quarrell et al., 2010; Gitlin et al., 2015; Roach &…”
Background
Friendsourcing Peer Support for Alzheimer’s Caregivers Using Facebook Social Media
Wilkerson, D., Brady, E. L., Yi, E.-H. G., & Bateman, D. R. (2018) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2018.1449709 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The impact of assistive technology on burden and psychological well‐being in informal caregivers of people with dementia (ATTILA Study)
Davies, A. K., Brini, S., Hirani, S. P., Gathercole, R. L., Forsyth, K., Henderson, C., Bradley, R., Davies, L. C., Dunk, B., Harper, E., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12064 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Effect of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Intervention on Improving Dementia Family Caregiver Physical Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Farran, C. J., & Etkin, C. D. (2016) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Parkinsonism · doi:10.4172/2161-0460.1000253 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Over the past 30 years, more than 200 effective psychoeducational randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted with dementia family caregivers [4].”
Background
Intelligent assistive technology devices for persons with dementia: A scoping review
Dada, S., van der Walt, C., May, A. A., & Murray, J. E. (2021) · Assistive Technology · doi:10.1080/10400435.2021.1992540 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Translating research evidence into practice requires dissemination of information, policy considerations and workforce training (Gitlin et al., 2015).”
An international systematic review of dementia caregiving interventions for Chinese families
Ma, K. P. K., & Saw, A. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5400 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Factors influencing sustainability and scale-up of rural primary healthcare memory clinics: perspectives of clinic team members
Morgan, D., Kosteniuk, J., O’Connell, M. E., Seitz, D., Elliot, V., Bayly, M., Chow, A. F., & Cameron, C. (2022) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-022-07550-0 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Engaging multi-stakeholder perspectives to identify dementia care research priorities
Patel, N. K., Masoud, S. S., Meyer, K., Davila, A., Rivette, S., Glassner, A. A., James, D., & White, C. L. (2021) · Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s41687-021-00325-x · Cited by 27
“Making Sense of a Disease That Makes No Sense”: Understanding Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Among Caregivers and Providers Within Alaska Native Communities
Lewis, J., Manson, S. M., Jernigan, V. B. B., & Noonan, C. (2020) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa102 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“, 2015), and other racial and ethnic minority groups (Dal Bello-Haas et al., 2014; Gitlin et al., 2015).”
Background
Exploring dementia family caregivers’ everyday use and appraisal of technological supports
Block, L., Gilmore‐Bykovskyi, A. L., Jolliff, A. F., Mullen, S. L., & Werner, N. E. (2020) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.06.019 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Family-centeredness in dementia care: what is the evidence?
Hao, Z., & Ruggiano, N. (2020) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2019.1690089 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Embedding caregiver support in community-based services for older adults: A multi-site randomized trial to test the Adult Day Service Plus Program (ADS Plus)
Gitlin, L. N., Marx, K., Scerpella, D. L., Dabelko‐Schoeny, H., Anderson, K. A., Huang, J., Pizzi, L. T., Jutkowitz, E., Roth, D. L., & Gaugler, J. E. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.06.010 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effectiveness of the Care of Persons With Dementia in Their Environments Intervention When Embedded in a Publicly Funded Home- and Community-Based Service Program
Fortinsky, R. H., Gitlin, L. N., Pizzi, L. T., Piersol, C. V., Grady, J. J., Robison, J. T., Molony, S. L., & Wakefield, D. B. (2020) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igaa053 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Such efforts have involved translational studies that identify adaptations needed to evidence-based programs in dementia care that are required to embed them in health care systems in a more pragmatic fashion (Fortinsky et al., 2016; Gitlin & Czaja, 2016; Gitlin et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Implementation of an evidence-based intervention to improve the wellbeing of people with dementia and their carers: study protocol for ‘Care of People with dementia in their Environments (COPE)’ in the Australian context
Clemson, L. M., Laver, K., Jeon, Y., Comans, T. A., Scanlan, J. N., Rahja, M., Culph, J., Low, L., Day, S., Cations, M., et al. (2018) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0790-7 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
Delirium and mental health history as predictors of aggression in individuals with dementia in inpatient settings
Wharton, T., Paulson, D. L., Macri, L., & Dubin, L. (2016) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2016.1235680 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The impact of neglect, physical, and financial abuse on mental health among older adults: a systematic review
Folorunsho, S., & Okyere, M. (2024) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2024.2436468 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“For instance, understanding dementia can help caregivers respond appropriately to behavioral issues, reducing frustration and the potential for abuse (Gitlin et al., 2015).”
Chronic Care, Dementia Care Management, and Financial Considerations
Coe, N. B., Boyd, C. M., & Chodosh, J. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.012 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dissemination of a successful dementia care program: Lessons to facilitate spread of innovations
Reuben, D. B., Evertson, L. C., Jackson‐Stoeckle, R., Epstein‐Lubow, G., Spragens, L. H., Haggerty, K. L., Serrano, K. S., & Jennings, L. A. (2022) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.17900 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hospice interventions for persons living with dementia, family members and clinicians: A systematic review
Lassell, R., Moreines, L. T., Luebke, M., Bhatti, K. S., Pain, K. J., Brody, A. A., & Luth, E. A. (2022) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.17802 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Implementing and sustaining family care programs in real-world settings: Barriers and facilitators
Hodgson, N. A., & Gitlin, L. N. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813898-4.00006-3 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citation
A scoping review of dementia caregiving for Korean Americans and recommendations for future research
Park, V. T., Ly, Q., von Oppenfeld, J., Lee, Y., Joo, Y., Shin, H., Rhee, Y., & Park, L. G. (2022) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2022.2133907 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“To ensure the successful implementation of an intervention program, including clinical programs, in diverse communities, culturally appropriate approaches are needed (Fauth et al., 2019; Gitlin et al., 2015; Zarit, Lee, Barrineau, Whitlatch, & Femia, 2013).”
Advancing family dementia caregiver interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial of Resources for Advancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health in Vietnam (REACH VN)
Hinton, L., Nguyen, H., Nguyen, H. T., Harvey, D. J., Nichols, L. O., Martindale-Adams, J. L., Nguyen, B. T., Nguyễn, B. T. T., Nguyen, A. N., Nguyen, C. H., et al. (2020) · Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions · doi:10.1002/trc2.12063 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A text message intervention to support latino dementia family caregivers (CuidaTEXT): feasibility study
Perales‐Puchalt, J., Ramírez, M., Fracachán-Cabrera, M., Vidoni, E. D., Ellerbeck, E. F., Ramírez, A. S., Watts, A. S., Williams, K. N., & Burns, J. M. (2022) · Clinical Gerontologist · doi:10.1080/07317115.2022.2137449 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“This exclusion raises questions about the generalizability of evidence-based interventions among Latinos and potentially widens the gap between those for whom interventions were developed and those who were not included (Butler et al., 2020; Gitlin et al., 2015; Pendergrass et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluential
Effectiveness of “Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease” Among Dyads With Moderate Dementia
Perales-Puchalt, J., Barton, K., Ptomey, L., Niedens, M., Yeager, A., Gilman, L., Seymour, P., George, A., Sprague, S., Mirás Neira, A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464820934683 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“However, despite the strong evidence base for interventions to improve the quality of life of PWDs and their caregivers, few interventions have been implemented in the community (Gitlin et al., 2012, 2015).”
Background
Developing a Plan for the Sustainable Implementation of an Electronic Health Intervention (Partner in Balance) to Support Caregivers of People With Dementia: Case Study
Christie, H. L., Boots, L. M. M., Peetoom, K. K. B., Tange, H. J., Verhey, F. R. J., & de Vugt, M. E. (2020) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/18624 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cost effectiveness of non‐drug interventions that reduce nursing home admissions for people living with dementia
Jutkowitz, E., Pizzi, L. T., Shewmaker, P., Alarid‐Escudero, F., Epstein‐Lubow, G., Prioli, K. M., Gaugler, J. E., & Gitlin, L. N. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12964 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Implementations of Evidence-Based eHealth Interventions for Caregivers of People With Dementia in Municipality Contexts (Myinlife and Partner in Balance): Evaluation Study
Christie, H. L., Boots, L. M. M., Tange, H. J., Verhey, F. R. J., & de Vugt, M. E. (2020) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/21629 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“More generally, only 3% of evidence-based psychosocial interventions for dementia are translated into practice [19].”
Background
Aligning Dementia Care Science With the Urgent Need for Dissemination and Implementation
Gaugler, J. E., Gitlin, L. N., & Zimmerman, S. I. (2021) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2021.08.026 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of a home-based exercise program on mental health for caregivers of relatives with dementia: a randomized controlled trial
Vicente, M. M., Delgado, M. G., Prieto, J. P., Domínguez, P. R., & Gusi, N. (2020) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s104161022000157x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“However, previous studies (Delgado et al., 2014; Haines et al., 2015; Alfakhri et al., 2018; Gitlin et al., 2015) have found that time spent in the care living together with the care recipient, low baseline scores of risk of depression, and receiving help in caring for the relative with dementia…”
Background
Gaps in the System: Supporting People Living with Dementia
King, M., Peckham, A., Marani, H., Roerig, M., Yung, S., McGrail, K. M., Young, Y., Shaw, J., & Marchildon, G. P. (2023) · Journal of Aging & Social Policy · doi:10.1080/08959420.2023.2226341 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“In fact, many of these individual or organizational-level interventions show varying degrees of effectiveness and demonstrate limited ability to establish successful implementation into systems of care (Gitlin et al., 2015; Schulz et al., 2016).”
Behavioral Change Factors and Retention in Web-Based Interventions for Informal Caregivers of People Living With Dementia: Scoping Review
Wu, K.-C., Su, Y. A., Chu, F., Chen, A., & Zaslavsky, O. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/38595 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“5% of the studies used theory to inform interventions [68].”
Editorial: Dementia, Frailty and Aging
Lim, W., Canevelli, M., & Cesari, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00168 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Translating Basic Research on the Aging Family to Caregiving Intervention: The Case of Within-Family Differences
Pillemer, K. A., & Gilligan, M. (2018) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igx035 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Plan of Action for Real-World Translation of LGBTQ Health and Aging Research
Fredriksen-Goldsen, K., Kim, H.-J., McKenzie, G., Krinsky, L., & Emlet, C. (2017) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2017.0185 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“When efficacious interventions are translated for delivery in new contexts, there may be additional challenges in applicability, implementation of strategies, and consistency in measurement.(28,29) Teri et al.”
Background

Authors: Gitlin, L. N., Marx, K., Stanley, I. H., & Hodgson, N.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID: Gitlin, Laura N.
Marx, Katherine
Stanley, Ian H.
Hodgson, Nancy
Venue: The Gerontologist
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2015-02-17
Volume: 55
Issue: 2
Pages: 210-226
ISSN: 0016-9013 (ISSN-L)
1758-5341
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnu123
PMC: PMC4542834
OpenAlex: W2129934675
Cited by: 336
References: 66
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 6 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 20.85
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Gerontologist (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Alzheimer's Association (NPSASA-10-174265)
National Institute on Aging (R01AG041781)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
Keywords: dementia caregiving, caregiver interventions, family caregivers, evidence-based practice, translational research, implementation, research-practice gap, payment structure, program sustainability, implementation theory
MeSH terms: Dementia, Female, Humans, Male, Social Support, Caregivers, Evidence-Based Practice, Translational Research, Biomedical

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Translating Evidence-Based Dementia Caregiving Interventions into Practice: State-of-the-Science and Next Steps

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