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Rapid Communication: Experimental Infection of Domestic Cats with Bartonella henselae by Inoculation of Ctenocephalides fells (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) Feces
Abstract
Caged cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché), were fed on 6 cats; 3 cats were injected with 5 x 10(7) colony forming units of Bartonella henselae intradermally and 3 cats were injected with an equal volume of saline. After the fleas fed for 4 d, 5 groups of 50 B. henselae-exposed fleas were caged and allowed to feed on 5 cats for 6 d. Five cats each were injected intradermally with 1 ml of saline containing 45 mg of feces from B. henselae-exposed fleas. Five cats were fed 50 B. henselae-exposed fleas and 45 mg of fresh feces from B. henselae-exposed fleas. Five cats received all 3 treatments by using fleas and feces collected from cats inoculated with saline (controls). Cats were bled weekly and tested by culture and serology. The cats that were injected with feces from infected fleas were positive by culture for B. henselae at 1 or 2 wk after exposure and were the only cats to become bacteremic or seropositive by week 20.
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In the citing paper
“Infection of cats by bites of infected fleas has been experimentally demonstrated, although not considered a primary route of transmission [30,44,45].”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“Fleas of pets are capable of harboring Bartonella spp. and it seems plausible that C. felis transmits B. henselae actively.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“The human infection by flea-borne Bartonella spp. generally occurs via scratches of infected cats, whilst flea bites do not seem to play a key role in the epidemiology of human bartonellosis.”
From Fleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes (2013) · cites this paper as [45]
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Bartonella Spp. in Pets and Effect on Human Health
Chomel, B. B., Boulouis, H.-J., Maruyama, S., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2006) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1203.050931 · Cited by 458
Breitschwerdt, E. B., & Kordick, D. L. (2000) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.13.3.428-438.2000 · Cited by 457
Factors associated with the rapid emergence of zoonotic Bartonella infections
Boulouis, H.-J., Chao-chin, C., Henn, J. B., Kasten, R. W., & Chomel, B. B. (2005) · Veterinary Research · doi:10.1051/vetres:2005009 · Cited by 371
“However, it is now suggested that flea bites are an unlikely mode of infection and that flea feces may be the only infecting material that could be inoculated by a cat scratch [83, 84].”
BackgroundBreitschwerdt, E. B., & Kordick, D. L. (2000) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.13.3.428 · Cited by 333
“henselae by intradermal inoculation of feces derived from infected fleas (34).”
BackgroundBartonellosis: an emerging infectious disease of zoonotic importance to animals and human beings
Breitschwerdt, E. B., Maggi, R. G., Chomel, B. B., et al. (2010) · Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care · doi:10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00496.x · Cited by 317
Vector transmission of Bartonella species with emphasis on the potential for tick transmission
Billeter, S. A., Levy, M. G., Chomel, B. B., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2008) · Medical and Veterinary Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00713.x · Cited by 306
Bartonella Species, an Emerging Cause of Blood-Culture-Negative Endocarditis
Okaro, U., Addisu, A., Casańas, B., & ANDERSON, B. E. (2017) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00013-17 · Cited by 314
“flea bite and ingestion of fleas and flea feces (136).”
BackgroundEcological fitness and strategies of adaptation ofBartonellaspecies to their hosts and vectors
Chomel, B. B., Boulouis, H.-J., Breitschwerdt, E. B., Kasten, R. W., Vayssier‐Taussat, M., Birtles, R. J., Koehler, J. E., & Dehio, C. (2009) · Veterinary Research · doi:10.1051/vetres/2009011 · Cited by 297
“Research, during the past two decades, has focused primarily on the natural reservoirs of B. henselae, the etiological agent of cat scratch disease (CSD), whereas many novel Bartonella spp. that are animal and human pathogens remain unstudied [19, 38, 39].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTransmission ofBartonella henselaebyIxodes ricinus
Cotté, V., Bonnet, S. I., Rhun, D. L., et al. (2008) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1407.071110 · Cited by 258
Bartonellosis, an increasingly recognized zoonosis
Chomel, B. B., & Kasten, R. W. (2010) · Journal of Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04679.x · Cited by 248
“Experimentally, only cats inoculated with flea faeces compared to those on which fleas were deposited in retention boxes or which were fed fleas became bacteraemic (Foil et al. 1998).”
BackgroundTransmission of Flea-Borne Zoonotic Agents
Eisen, R. J., & Gage, K. L. (2012) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100717 · Cited by 239
“henselae was transmitted to cats through inoculation of infectious fleas feces, suggesting this species can be transmitted in a manner similar to that observed for the murine typhus rickettsia (54).”
ResultDamborg, P., Broens, E. M., Chomel, B. B., Guenther, S., Pasmans, F., Wagenaar, J. A., Weese, J. S., Wieler, L. H., Windahl, U., Vanrompay, D. C. G., et al. (2015) · Journal of Comparative Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.03.004 · Cited by 227
“The cat flea is a vector for transmission between cats, mainly by intradermal inoculation of flea faeces (Chomel et al. , 1996; Foil et al. , 1998).”
Cunningham, E. T., & Koehler, J. E. (2000) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00573-0 · Cited by 228
Bartonella infections in cats and dogs including zoonotic aspects
Álvarez-Fernández, A., Breitschwerdt, E. B., & Solano-Gallego, L. (2018) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-018-3152-6 · Cited by 193
Advances in the control of (cat flea) on cats and dogs
RUST, M. (2005) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2005.03.010 · Cited by 188
Halos, L., Jamal, T., Maillard, R., et al. (2004) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.70.10.6302-6305.2004 · Cited by 179
Kosoy, M., Murray, M., Gilmore, R. D., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.41.2.645-650.2003 · Cited by 178
“henselae to cats, perhaps through the contamination of cat skin with flea feces (8, 11).”
BackgroundBats as Reservoir Hosts of Human Bacterial Pathogen,Bartonella mayotimonensis
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“henselae–infected cat led to bacteremia in a pathogen-free cat (37).”
BackgroundBartonella Infection in Rodents and Their Flea Ectoparasites: An Overview
Gutiérrez, R., Krasnov, B. R., Morick, D., Gottlieb, Y., Khokhlova, I. S., & Harrus, S. (2015) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/vbz.2014.1606 · Cited by 165
“Supporting evidence for this route was initially demonstrated in cats infected through the inoculation of cat-flea (Ctenocephalides felis) feces (Foil et al. 1998).”
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“Viable B henselae is passed in faeces of the flea (Higgins et al 1996, Finkelstein et al 2002) and infected flea faeces can result in infection of cats via inoculation (Foil et al 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialPathogen carriage by the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché) in the United Kingdom
Shaw, S. E., Kenny, M. J., Tasker, S., & Birtles, R. J. (2004) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.06.013 · Cited by 154
Flea-borneBartonella grahamiiandBartonella tayloriiin Bank Voles
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“henselae infections of cats (19,31,32), and Bartonella DNA has previously been detected in fleas collected from rodents (14,15), but no recent experimental studies on the role of fleas in the transmission of rodent bartonellae have been reported since early studies by Krampitz (23) indicated that fleas could transmit…”
BackgroundResultNutter, F. B., Dubey, J. P., Levine, J. F., Breitschwerdt, E. B., Ford, R. B., & Stoskopf, M. K. (2004) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.2004.225.1394 · Cited by 135
Bartonella spp. - a chance to establish One Health concepts in veterinary and human medicine
Regier, Y., O’Rourke, F., & Kempf, V. A. J. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1546-x · Cited by 130
“contamination of the flea-feeding wound, or other wounds such as scratches or bites with contaminated flea feces has been identified as an important transmission route among hosts including cats and humans [30, 33, 96, 131–133].”
BackgroundEpidemiology of Bartonella infection in domestic cats in France
Gurfield, A. N., Boulouis, H. J., Chomel, B. B., et al. (2001) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(01)00304-2 · Cited by 113
Pulliainen, A. T., & Dehio, C. (2012) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00324.x · Cited by 107
“It has been shown that intradermal inoculation of cats with B. henselae-containing flea feces causes bacteremia (Foil et al., 1998).”
BackgroundStevenson, H. L., Bai, Y., Kosoy, M., Montenieri, J. A., Lowell, J. L., Chu, M., & Gage, K. L. (2003) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1603/0022-2585-40.3.329 · Cited by 102
“Recently, Bartonella have received increased attention as emerging human pathogens (Chomel et al. 1996, Higgins et al. 1996a, 1996b, Anderson and Neuman 1997, Foil et al. 1998, Breitschwerdt et al. 2000, Karem et al. 2000).”
BackgroundAortic Valve Endocarditis in a Dog Due toBartonella clarridgeiae
Chomel, B. B., Donald, K. A. M., Kasten, R. W., Chang, C., Wey, A. C., Foley, J. E., Thomas, W. P., & Kittleson, M. D. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.39.10.3548-3554.2001 · Cited by 98
Urban Zoonoses Caused by Bartonella , Coxiella , Ehrlichia , and Rickettsia Species
Comer, J. A., Paddock, C. D., & Childs, J. E. (2001) · Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases · doi:10.1089/153036601316977714 · Cited by 102
“Cat fleas are naturally infected and have been shown in experimental studies to be vectors of B. henselae between cats (Chomel et al. 1996, Higgins et al. 1996, Foil et al. 1998).”
O’Reilly, K. L., Bauer, R. W., Freeland, R. L., et al. (1999) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.67.6.3066-3072.1999 · Cited by 91
Self-citationStudies on the Growth ofBartonella henselaein the Cat Flea (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)
Finkelstein, J. L., Brown, T. P., O’Reilly, K. L., Wedincamp, J., & Foil, L. D. (2002) · Journal of Medical Entomology · doi:10.1603/0022-2585-39.6.915 · Cited by 87
Self-citationArthropod-Transmitted Infectious Diseases of Cats
SHAW, S., Birtles, R. J., & DAY, M. (2001) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1053/jfms.2001.0149 · Cited by 84
“Cat-to-cat transmission of B henselae occurs via intradermal inoculation of infected faeces from Ct felis (Flexman et al 1995, Foil et al 1998).”
BackgroundBartonella spp. DNA Associated with Biting Flies from California
Chung, C. Y., Kasten, R. W., Paff, S. M., et al. (2004) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1007.030896 · Cited by 83
Biancardi, A. L., & Curi, A. L. L. (2013) · Ocular Immunology and Inflammation · doi:10.3109/09273948.2013.833631 · Cited by 81
“The flea of the cat seems to have an important role in the transmission of the disease, through the inoculation of infected flea feces at the time of the scratch.(17) Previous studies demonstrated the association between the B.”
BackgroundHenn, J. B., Gabriel, M. W., Kasten, R. W., Brown, R. N., Theis, J. H., Foley, J. E., & Chomel, B. B. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.02539-06 · Cited by 80
“henselae bacteria in the gut of the cat flea and subsequent intradermal inoculation of the infectious flea feces when the cat scratches itself (16, 17).”
BackgroundGuptill, L. F. (2009) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.11.011 · Cited by 79
Marié, J., Fournier, P., Rolain, J., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.74.436 · Cited by 78
Brunt, J. E., Guptill, L. F., Kordick, D. L., Kudrak, S., & Lappin, M. R. (2006) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2006.05.006 · Cited by 76
Chomel, B. B. (2000) · Scientific and Technical Review (World Organisation for Animal Health) · doi:10.20506/rst.19.1.1204 · Cited by 76
BartonellaInfection in Domestic Cats and Wild Felids
Chomel, B. B., Kasten, R. W., Henn, J. B., et al. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1374.080 · Cited by 75
Bradbury, C. A., & Lappin, M. R. (2010) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.236.8.869 · Cited by 70
Rickettsia felis: A Review of Transmission Mechanisms of an Emerging Pathogen
Legendre, K., & Macaluso, K. R. (2017) · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.3390/tropicalmed2040064 · Cited by 70
“Feces from cat fleas infected with the bacterium caused cats to become bacteremic 1–2 weeks post-intradermal injection, and caused seroconversion by 20 weeks post-injection [41].”
BackgroundBartonella Infection: Treatment And Drug Resistance
Biswas, S., & Rolain, J. (2010) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb.10.133 · Cited by 67
“henselae among cats most likely occurs via cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) [18,19], and cats usually remain healthy.”
BackgroundBartonella henselae IgG antibodies are prevalent in dogs from southeastern USA
Solano‐Gallego, L., Bradley, J. M., Hegarty, B. C., et al. (2004) · Veterinary Research · doi:10.1051/vetres:2004034 · Cited by 69
“henselae occurs via intradermal inoculation of infected flea feces [22].”
BackgroundMechanical Transmission of Disease Agents by Arthropods
Foil, L. D., & Gorham, J. R. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-6472-6_12 · Cited by 68
Self-citationAbbot, P., Aviles, A. E., Eller, L., et al. (2007) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00228-07 · Cited by 68
“Fleas infected with Bartonella henselae (the causative agent of cat scratch disease and of related conditions such as bacillary angiomatosis [30]) and other bartonellae appear to transmit these agents via their infectious feces (9, 19, 20).”
BackgroundAssessment of Persistence of Bartonella henselae in Ctenocephalides felis
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Ctenocephalides felis an in vitro potential vector for five Bartonella species
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“The cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis felis, plays an important role in cat-to-cat transmission of the infection (7, 10, 18).”
Lappin, M. R., Breitschwerdt, E. B., Brewer, M. M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2008.06.005 · Cited by 58
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“henselae after inoculation with cat flea faeces (Foil et al. 1998).”
BackgroundFleas infesting pets in the era of emerging extra-intestinal nematodes
Traversa, D. (2013) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/1756-3305-6-59 · Cited by 53
“Infection of cats by bites of infected fleas has been experimentally demonstrated, although not considered a primary route of transmission [30,44,45].”
BackgroundPrevalence of Bartonella infection in domestic cats in Denmark
Chomel, B. B., Boulouis, H.-J., Petersen, H., et al. (2002) · Veterinary Research · doi:10.1051/vetres:2002008 · Cited by 53
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“henselae among cats is the cat flea [16, 42, 43], and, although it has been speculated that humans could acquire B.”
BackgroundRoe, R. H., Jumper, J. M., Fu, A. D., et al. (2008) · International Ophthalmology Clinics · doi:10.1097/iio.0b013e31817d7697 · Cited by 50
“Contamination of the conjunctiva or an open wound by infected flea feces represents another possible means of contracting cat scratch disease.(30)”
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“observation may be explained by the fact that after cat fleas have fed on bacteremic cats, they excrete viable Bartonella bacteria for up to 9 days [27,28] on uninfected or previously infected cats.”
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“Transmission of these pathogens can occur when copious, virulent organisms within the fecal material of infected cat fleas are rubbed or scratched into the bite site [2,4,59,60].”
BackgroundPrevalence and Infection Load Dynamics of Rickettsia felis in Actively Feeding Cat Fleas
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“[17].”
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“The strategy involves replication of bacteria in the gut of the arthropod vector and excretion in the feces, with subsequent survival in the environment for several days [12].”
BackgroundInsights in Bartonella Host Specificity
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Vector biology of the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis
Moore, C. O., André, M. R., Šlapeta, J. R., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (2024) · Trends in Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.pt.2024.02.006 · Cited by 58
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“mitted to humans by a scratch or bite from an infected cat, while cat fleas {Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Ixodes rucinus) also play a role in transmission of the bacteria in cats [8-11].”
BackgroundYamamoto, K., Chomel, B. B., Kasten, R. W., et al. (2002) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00347-4 · Cited by 38
“Cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) are the main vectors of transmission among cats (Chomel et al., 1996; Higgins et al., 1996; Foil et al., 1998).”
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What Is in a Cat Scratch? Growth of Bartonella henselae in a Biofilm
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“Fleas are responsible for the transmission of B. henselae and B. clarridgeiae among cats (Chomel et al. 1996, Foil et al. 1998).”
BackgroundYamamoto, K., Chomel, B. B., Kasten, R. W., et al. (2002) · Veterinary Research · doi:10.1051/vetres:2002048 · Cited by 36
“henselae is primarily transmitted among cats by fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) [14, 22, 32].”
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“henselae was found in fleas from an infected cat (26), and it was reported that fleas (12) and flea feces (19) transferred from B.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMolecular detection of Bartonella henselae in 11 Ixodes ricinus ticks extracted from a single cat
Regier, Y., Ballhorn, W., & Kempf, V. A. J. (2017) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2042-7 · Cited by 35
“henselae is transmitted via cat fleas by contamination of wounds with infected flea feces [10].”
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT IN RICKETTSIAL DISEASES
Bleck, T. P. (1999) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70167-5 · Cited by 35
Survey of Flea Infestation in Dogs in Different Geographical Regions of Iran
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“the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) (13, 19), and no transmission”
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“Rickettsia felis and Bartonella henselae (Azad et al., 1997; Rust and Dryden, 1997; Foil et al., 1998; Finkelstein et al., 2002; Rolain et al., 2005).”
BackgroundA multi-gene analysis of diversity of bartonella detected in fleas from algeria
Bitam, I., Rolain, J., Nicolas, V., et al. (2011) · Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2011.11.002 · Cited by 33
Molecular Evidence for Bartonella spp. in Cat and Dog Fleas from Germany and France
Just, F. T., Gilles, J., Pradel, I., Pfalzer, S., Lengauer, H., Hellmann, K., & Pfister, K. (2008) · Zoonoses and Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01131.x · Cited by 31
“Data from experimental infection studies indicate that the major route for transmission of B. henselae from fleas to vertebrate hosts is the intradermal injection of faeces via scratching (Foil et al., 1998).”
BackgroundBartonella henselae, un agent d’infections ubiquitaires
Edouard, S., & Raoult, D. (2009) · Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses · doi:10.1016/j.medmal.2009.11.004 · Cited by 30
Guptill, L. F. (2010) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2010.07.009 · Cited by 30
Advancements in understanding the molecular and immune mechanisms of Bartonella pathogenicity
Jin, X., Gou, Y., Xin, Y., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1196700 · Cited by 29
“In arthropods, the life cycle of most Bartonella species is divided into replication in the midgut of intestinal tracts and spreading through excretion (Foil et al., 1998).”
BackgroundLoa, C. C., Mordechai, E., Tilton, R. C., et al. (2006) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.10.020 · Cited by 28
Transmission mechanisms of an emerging insect-borne rickettsial pathogen
Brown, L. D., Banajee, K. H., Foil, L. D., & Macaluso, K. R. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1511-8 · Cited by 27
Self-citationChomel, B. B., Kikuchi, Y., Martenson, J. S., et al. (2004) · Veterinary Research · doi:10.1051/vetres:2004001 · Cited by 27
Siak, M. K., & Burrows, A. K. (2012) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1177/1098612x12470341 · Cited by 26
Cat-scratch disease in veterinary-associated populations and in its cat reservoir in Taiwan
Chang, C., Lee, C.-C., Maruyama, S., et al. (2006) · Veterinary Research · doi:10.1051/vetres:2006019 · Cited by 25
“Humans are infected when cat-scratch or bite-wounds are contaminated with feces excreted by infected cat fleas [12, 14].”
BackgroundBartonella henselae Infection in Domestic Cat and Dog Fleas
Ishida, C., Tsuneoka, H., Iino, H., et al. (2001) · Kansenshogaku zasshi · doi:10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.75.133 · Cited by 24
Billeter, S. A., Kasten, R. W., Killmaster, L., et al. (2011) · Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2011.09.004 · Cited by 23
The Clinical Profile of Cat-Scratch Disease’s Neuro-Ophthalmological Effects
Jurja, S., Stroe, A. Z., Pundiche, M. B., et al. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12020217 · Cited by 22
“Ocular manifestations include uveitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulcers [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialOral shedding of Bartonella in cats: Correlation with bacteremia and seropositivity
Namekata, D. Y., Kasten, R. W., Boman, D. A., Straub, M. H., Siperstein-Cook, L., Couvelaire, K., & Chomel, B. B. (2010) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.05.034 · Cited by 21
Bartonella henselae in the human environment in Poland
Podsiadły, E., Chmielewski, T., Marczak, R., et al. (2007) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1080/00365540701449385 · Cited by 19
“According to results from experimental studies, fleabites are an unlikely mode of infection and flea faeces may be the only infecting material that could be inoculated by a cat scratch [15].”
ResultSix, R. H., Geurden, T., Packianathan, R., Colgan, S., Everett, W. R., Grace, S., Hodge, A. J., Mahabir, S. P., Myers, M. R., Slootmans, N., et al. (2016) · Veterinary Parasitology · doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2016.02.015 · Cited by 19
Greco, G., Brianti, E., Buonavoglia, C., Carelli, G., Pollmeier, M., Schunack, B., Dowgier, G., Capelli, G., Dantas‐Torres, F., & Otranto, D. (2019) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-018-3257-y · Cited by 19
Saengsawang, P., Kaewmongkol, G., & Inpankaew, T. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10050503 · Cited by 20
“felis is the major vector as the pathogen-transmissible insect for feline bartonellosis [66].”
BackgroundDurden, L. A., Wilson, N., Eckerlin, R. P., et al. (2012) · Annals of Carnegie Museum · doi:10.2992/007.080.0201 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Foil, L., Andress, E., Freeland, R. L., Roy, A. F., Rutledge, R., Triche, P. C., & O'Reilly, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- ORCID
- Foil, Lane
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Entomology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-09-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 625-628
- ISSN
- 0022-2585 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-2928
- OpenAlex
- W2409724360
- Cited by
- 197
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Entomology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r15ai039720-01)
- Agricultural Center, Louisiana State University
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (1 R15 AI39720-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Bartonella species infections research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Keywords
- Bartonella henselae, cats, Ctenocephalides felis, flea-borne transmission, experimental infection, bacteremia, seropositivity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cat-Scratch Disease, Cats, Feces, Siphonaptera, Insect Vectors, Bartonella henselae
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