Cited by 144Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative StressPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesExercise and Physiological Responses

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A Vegetable/Fruit Concentrate with High Antioxidant Capacity Has No Effect on Biomarkers of Antioxidant Status in Male Smokers

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van den Berg, Robin, van Vliet, Trinette, Broekmans, Wendy M.R., Cnubben, Nicole H.P., Vaes, Wouter H.J., Roza, Len, Haenen, Guido R.M.M., Bast, Aalt, van den Berg, Henk·2001·The Journal of Nutrition

DOI 10.1093/jn/131.6.1714

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Abstract

The potential benefits of a high fruit and vegetable intake on the antioxidant status and on relevant biomarkers of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA and on (functional) markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. A randomized, free living, open placebo-controlled cross-over trial of 3 wk, with a 2-wk washout period between treatments, was performed in a group of 22 male smokers with a relatively low vegetable and fruit intake using a vegetable burger and fruit drink. The vegetable burger and fruit drink increased serum levels of vitamin C, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin and plasma total antioxidant capacity. However, no effects were demonstrated on any marker of oxidative damage to lipids (malondialdehyde F(2)-isoprostane) proteins (carbonyls) and DNA (Comet assay) and (functional) markers of oxidative stress (reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio, glutathione-S-transferase alpha, glutathione-S-transferase pi and nuclear transcription factor-kappaB). Apparently, these increased levels of antioxidants in serum were not sufficiently high to show beneficial changes with the selected biomarkers. Alternatively, oxidative stress in male smokers with a relatively low fruit and vegetable intake might have been still too low to demonstrate a beneficial effect of antioxidants.

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Cruciferous Vegetable Intake Is Inversely Correlated with Circulating Levels of Proinflammatory Markers in Women
Jiang, Y., Wu, S., Shu, X., Xiang, Y., Ji, B., Milne, G. L., Cai, Q., Zhang, X., Gao, Y., Zheng, W., et al. (2014) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.12.019 · Cited by 59
Potent protection of gallic acid against DNA oxidation: Results of human and animal experiments
Ferk, F., Chakraborty, A., Jäger, W. R., Kundi, M., Bichler, J., Mišík, M., Wagner, K., Grasl‐Kraupp, B., Sagmeister, S., Haidinger, G., et al. (2011) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.07.010 · Cited by 56
Fruit and vegetable intake and related nutrients are associated with oxidative stress markers in middle-aged men
Cocate, P. G., Natali, A. J., de Oliveira, A., Longo, G. Z., Alfenas, R. D. C. G., Pelúzio, M. D. C. G., dos Santos, E. C., Buthers, J. M., de Oliveira, L. L., & Hermsdorff, H. H. M. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2013.10.015 · Cited by 53
“However, to our knowledge, studies investigating the relationship of FV intake with lipid and/or DNA oxidation biomarkers in middle-aged men are still scarce [22–24], especially considering the dietary habits of the Brazilians whose FV intake is nearly 90% lower [25] than that recommended by the World Health Organizat…”
Background
Consumption of Brussels sprouts protects peripheral human lymphocytes against 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) and oxidative DNA‐damage: results of a controlled human intervention trial
Hoelzl, C., Glatt, H. R., Meinl, W., Sontag, G., Haidinger, G., Kundi, M., Simic, T. P., Chakraborty, A., Bichler, J., Ferk, F., et al. (2008) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700406 · Cited by 53
“On the contrary, no effects were seen in a trial, in which a relatively large amount of a mixed vegetable-fruit concentrate (500 g/ person/day) was consumed by the participants [88].”
Background
Orange juice and its major polyphenol hesperidin consumption do not induce immunomodulation in healthy well-nourished humans
Perche, O., Vergnaud, J., Morand, C., Dubray, C., Mazur, A., & Vasson, M. (2013) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2013.03.012 · Cited by 50
Effect of Red Wine Consumption on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress
Schrieks, I. C., van den Berg, R., Sierksma, A., Beulens, J. W. J., Vaes, W. H. J., & Hendriks, H. (2012) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/ags086 · Cited by 50
Modulation of Plasma Non Enzimatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) by Plant Foods: the Role of Polyphenol
Serafini, M., Miglio, C., Peluso, I., & Petrosino, T. (2011) · Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/156802611796235125 · Cited by 48
Effects of a Carrot Juice Intervention on Plasma Carotenoids, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Overweight Breast Cancer Survivors
Butalla, A. C., Crane, T. E., Patil, B. S., Wertheim, B. C., Thompson, P. A., & Thomson, C. A. (2012) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2012.650779 · Cited by 47
Dietary Modification and Moderate Antioxidant Supplementation Differentially Affect Serum Carotenoids, Antioxidant Levels and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Older Humans
Peterman, J. N., Schmidt, M. C., Askew, E. W., Bernstein, P. S., & Tress, M. S. V. (2003) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.10.3117 · Cited by 46
“Other researchers found an increase in serum antioxidants but no accompanying change in oxidative stress after a dietary intervention (23,24).”
Background
Brassica vegetable consumption reduces urinary F2-isoprostane levels independent of micronutrient intake
Fowke, J. H. (2006) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgl065 · Cited by 45
CH 6 Dietary Flavonoids and Health — Broadening the Perspective
Andersen, O. M., & Markham, K. R. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420039443-10 · Cited by 43
No Differences in DNA Damage and Antioxidant Capacity Between Intervention Groups of Healthy, Nonsmoking Men Receiving 2, 5, or 8 Servings/Day of Vegetables and Fruit
Briviba, K., Bub, A., Möseneder, J., Schwerdtle, T., Hartwig, A., Kulling, S. E., & Watzl, B. (2008) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635580701621346 · Cited by 41
“(9) reported a slight increase in the TEAC value in male smokers after 3 wk of VF consumption (6.”
Background
Vegetables and PUFA‐rich plant oil reduce DNA strand breaks in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Müllner, E., Brath, H., Pleifer, S., Schiermayr, C., Baierl, A., Wallner, M., Fastian, T., Millner, Y., Paller, K., Henriksen, T., et al. (2012) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201200343 · Cited by 41
Phytochemicals and health
Johnson, I. T. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118464717.ch3 · Cited by 41
Age and metabolic risk factors associated with oxidatively damaged DNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Løhr, M., Jensen, A., Eriksen, L., Grønbæk, M., Loft, S. H., & Möller, P. (2014) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.3202 · Cited by 40
“However, dietary interventions with substitution to food rich in fruits and vegetables had little effect on the level of oxidatively damaged DNA in PBMCs [48;49].”
Background
Antioxidants in smokers
Astori, E., Garavaglia, M. L., Colombo, G., Landoni, L., Portinaro, N. M., Milzani, A., & Dalle‐Donne, I. (2021) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422421000093 · Cited by 43
Dietary Flavonoids and Health — Broadening the Perspective
Clifford, M. N., & Brown, J. E. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420039443.ch6 · Cited by 40
Effects of Low-Fat and/or High Fruit-and-Vegetable Diets on Plasma Levels of 8-Isoprostane-F2αin the Nutrition and Breast Health Study
Chen, G., Heilbrun, L. K., Venkatramanamoorthy, R., Maranci, V., Redd, J. N., Klurfeld, D. M., & Djurić, Z. (2004) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1207/s15327914nc5002_4 · Cited by 37
“In other high-FV interventions, changes in plasma oxidative stress markers have been very small or absent (33,34).”
Background
Biofortified Carrot Intake Enhances Liver Antioxidant Capacity and Vitamin A Status in Mongolian Gerbils1,
Mills, J. P., Simon, P. W., & Tanumihardjo, S. A. (2008) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/138.9.1692 · Cited by 36
“Human studies often report no significant gains in antioxidant capacity of serum or reductions in circulating markers of oxidative damage after interventions involving intake of dietary antioxidants (32,33).”
Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation after wood smoke exposure in a reconstructed Viking Age house
Jensen, A., Karottki, D. G., Christensen, J. M., Bønløkke, J. H., Sigsgaard, T., Glasius, M., Loft, S. H., & Möller, P. (2014) · Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis · doi:10.1002/em.21877 · Cited by 34
Serum antioxidant status among young, middle-aged and elderly people before and after antioxidant rich diet.
Limberaki, E., Eleftheriou, P. T., Vagdatli, E., Kostoglou, & Ch, P. (2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 30
Special Issue on “Analytical Methods for Oxidized Biomolecules and Antioxidants” The use of isoprostanoids as biomarkers of oxidative damage, and their role in human dietary intervention studies
Galano, J., Lee, Y. Y., Durand, T., & Lee, J. C.-Y. (2015) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.3109/10715762.2015.1007969 · Cited by 29
Antioxidant Modulation of F2-Isoprostanes in Humans: A Systematic Review
Petrosino, T., & Serafini, M. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.630153 · Cited by 28
“…Ryan-Borchers et al., 2006 Vegetable burger and fruit drink 21 22 smokers 100 g of vegetable burger and 330 mL of fruit drink ↔ Plasma (GC-MS) ↑ Plasma (TEAC) van den Berg et al., 2001 Coffee 28 47 with elevated risk of type 2 diabetes Four cups, eight cups (one cup = 150 mL) ↓ Serum (EIA) for…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
DNA Damage and Repair: Fruit and Vegetable Effects in a Feeding Trial
Chang, J.-L., Chen, G., Ulrich, C. M., Bigler, J., King, I. B., Schwarz, Y., Li, S., Li, L., Potter, J. D., & Lampe, J. W. (2010) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635580903407106 · Cited by 28
Increased free malondialdehyde concentrations in smokers normalise with a mixed fruit and vegetable juice concentrate: a pilot study
Bamonti, F., Novembrino, C., Ippolito, S., Soresi, E., Ciani, A., Lonati, S., Scurati-Manzoni, E., & Cighetti, G. (2006) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2006.084 · Cited by 28
“Regarding the effects of fruit and vegetable supplementation on t-MDA levels, some authors observed a decrease in t-MDA (27–29), but others did not find any change at all (30, 31) in agreement with our findings.”
Result
Dietary supplement use in the United States
Pintauro, S. J. (2018) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780429442285-2 · Cited by 26
Markers of Oxidative DNA Damage in Human Interventions With Fruit and Berries
Freese, R. (2006) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1207/s15327914nc5401_14 · Cited by 26
“To summarize, in these carefully controlled studies, no significant differences in markers of DNA damage were seen when male smokers considerably increased their intake of fruit and vegetables (16) or when nonsmoking volunteers were either on a very-low-vegetable diet or received the recommended amount of fruit and ve…”
Background
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen and vitamin C and E supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress in healthy men
Bader, N., Bosy‐Westphal, A., Koch, A., Rimbach, G. H., Weimann, A., Poulsen, H. E., & Müller, M. J. (2007) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114507744380 · Cited by 24
Ameliorative prowess of bee honey in the tissues of rats administered aluminium nitrate
Ekakitie, L. I., Okpoghono, J., Orororo, O. C., & Ekakitie, O. A. (2021) · Scientific African · doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00782 · Cited by 21
Strategies to decrease oxidative stress biomarker levels in human medical conditions: A meta-analysis on 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α
Erve, T. J. V. ‘. (2018) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2018.05.003 · Cited by 23
Effect of the consumption of a fruit and vegetable soup with high in vitro carotenoid bioaccessibility on serum carotenoid concentrations and markers of oxidative stress in young men
Martínez-Tomás, R., Larqué, E., González‐Silvera, D., Sánchez-Campillo, M., Burgos, M. I., Wellner, A., Parra, S., Bialek, L., Alminger, M., & Pérez‐Llamas, F. (2011) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0211-6 · Cited by 20
“Considering biochemical parameters, the differences observed were slight, in agreement with other studies [17, 24 ].”
Impact of Fruit Beverage Consumption on the Antioxidant Status in Healthy Women
Cilla, A., Palma, G. D., Lagarda, M. J., Barberá, R., FARRÉ, R., Clemente, G., & Romero, F. (2009) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000205318 · Cited by 21
Nutrition and metabolism
Bhatnagar, D., & Bhatnagar, P. (2012) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e328355ee48 · Cited by 21
Microparticle content of plasma for transfusion is influenced by the whole blood hold conditions: Pre-analytical considerations for proteomic investigations
Sparrow, R. L., & Chan, K. S. (2012) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2012.07.013 · Cited by 19
“[27] van den Berg R, van Vliet T, Broekmans WM, Cnubben NH, Vaes WH, Roza L, et al.”
Background
Effet d'une alimentation riche en fruits et légumes sur les taux plasmatiques en antioxydants et des marqueurs des dommages oxydatifs
Pincemail, J., Degrune, F., Voussure, S., Malherbe, C., Paquot, N., & Defraigne, J.-O. (2007) · Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme · doi:10.1016/j.nupar.2007.04.005 · Cited by 19
Plasma Carotenoids and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Patients with prior Head and Neck Cancer
Hughes, K. J., Mayne, S. T., Blumberg, J. B., Ribaya‐Mercado, J. D., Johnson, E. J., & Cartmel, B. (2009) · Biomarker Insights · doi:10.4137/bmi.s2192 · Cited by 19
Modulation of plasma antioxidant levels, glutathione S‐transferase activity and DNA damage in smokers following a single portion of broccoli: a pilot study
Riso, P., Bo’, C. D., Vendrame, S., Brusamolino, A., Martini, D., Bonacina, G., & Porrini, M. (2013) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.6283 · Cited by 18
Counteracting effects on free radicals and histological alterations induced by a fraction with casearins
de Araújo, É. J. F., de Oliveira, G. A. L., de Sousa, L. Q., Bolzani, V. D. S., Cavalheiro, A. J., Tomé, A. D. R., Peron, A. P., dos Santos, A. G., Citó, A. M. D. G. L., Pessoa, C., et al. (2015) · Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências · doi:10.1590/0001-3765201520150149 · Cited by 18
Phytochemical intakes of the Fijian population.
Lako, J., Wattanapenpaiboon, N., Wahlqvist, M. L., & Trenerry, C. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 17
The effect of carrot juice, β-carotene supplementation on lymphocyte DNA damage, erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and plasma lipid profiles in Korean smoker
Lee, H., Park, Y. K., & Kang, M. (2011) · Nutrition Research and Practice · doi:10.4162/nrp.2011.5.6.540 · Cited by 16
Cerebrospinal fluid levels of inflammation, oxidative stress and NAD+are linked to differences in plasma carotenoid concentrations
Guest, J., Grant, R., Garg, M. L., Mori, T. A., Croft, K. D., & BILGIN, A. A. B. (2014) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-11-117 · Cited by 15
“For example van den Berg and colleagues reported that while a three-week plant-based diet increased serum levels of carotenoids, including α-carotene and βcarotene, and increased TAC, consistent with results from this study, no effects were observed on any plasma marker of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA…”
ResultInfluential
Carotenoid Antioxidant Activity
Lowe, G., Young, A. J., & Phillip, D. M. (2004) · Oxidative stress and disease · doi:10.1201/9780203026649.ch5 · Cited by 15
Plasma Antioxidant Measurements
Prior, R. L. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.11.3184s · Cited by 14
Fish and salad consumption are inversely associated with levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in a Danish adult cohort
Möller, P., Jensen, A., Løhr, M., Eriksen, L., Grønbæk, M., & Loft, S. H. (2018) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.003 · Cited by 12
“Certain older intervention studies did not detect effects on levels of oxidatively damage DNA after dietary intervention with fruits and vegetables in well-nourished subjects [14, 15].”
Background

Authors: van den Berg, R., van Vliet, T., Broekmans, W. M. R., Cnubben, N. H. P., Vaes, W. H. J., Roza, L., Haenen, G. R. M. M., Bast, A., & van den Berg, H.
Affiliations: Maastricht University (NL)
ORCID: Haenen, Guido R.M.M.
Bast, Aalt
Venue: The Journal of Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-06
Volume: 131
Issue: 6
Pages: 1714-1722
ISSN: 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.6.1714
OpenAlex: W2099422363
Cited by: 144
References: 63
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 6.64
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 7920 d)
Locations: Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
TNO Repository (submittedVersion)
Repository hosted by TU Delft Library (TU Delft) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords: antioxidant status, oxidative stress, smokers, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, DNA damage, glutathione, glutathione S-transferase, NF-κB, carotenoids, vitamin C, dietary supplementation
MeSH terms: Adult, Antioxidants, Blood Pressure, Body Weight, Carotenoids, Cholesterol, DNA Damage, Fruit, Humans, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Malondialdehyde, Middle Aged, Monocytes, Smoking, Time Factors, Triglycerides, Vegetables, Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Oxidative Stress, Cross-Over Studies

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A Vegetable/Fruit Concentrate with High Antioxidant Capacity Has No Effect on Biomarkers of Antioxidant Status in Male Smokers

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