The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Abstract
The development and use of a new scale, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), is described. This is a simple, self-administered questionnaire which is shown to provide a measurement of the subject's general level of daytime sleepiness. One hundred and eighty adults answered the ESS, including 30 normal men and women as controls and 150 patients with a range of sleep disorders. They rated the chances that they would doze off or fall asleep when in eight different situations commonly encountered in daily life. Total ESS scores significantly distinguished normal subjects from patients in various diagnostic groups including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. ESS scores were significantly correlated with sleep latency measured during the multiple sleep latency test and during overnight polysomnography. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ESS scores were significantly correlated with the respiratory disturbance index and the minimum SaO2 recorded overnight. ESS scores of patients who simply snored did not differ from controls.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Daytime sleepiness was assessed using a modified version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale [26]: Students rated how likely they would fall asleep in three situations (in school, while watching television, and when riding as a car passenger) on a 4-point Likert scale, resulting in a total score, with higher scores reflecting higher daytime sleepiness.”
From The Power of Flexible School Start Times: (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
In the citing paper
“ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale [42], to measure daytime sleepiness.”
From Efficacy study comparing a CBT-I developed for shift workers (CBT-I-S) to standard CBT-I (cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia) on sleep onset latency, total sleep time, subjective sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness: study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial with online therapy groups of seven sessions each (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Cronbach’s α is acceptable to good with values between 0.73 and 0.88.”
From Efficacy study comparing a CBT-I developed for shift workers (CBT-I-S) to standard CBT-I (cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia) on sleep onset latency, total sleep time, subjective sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness: study protocol for a parallel group randomised controlled trial with online therapy groups of seven sessions each (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Daroff, R. B. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.1.160 · Cited by 5,023
Quantification of Sleepiness: A New Approach
Hoddes, E., Zarcone, V., Smythe, H., Phillips, R., & Dement, W. C. (1973) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1973.tb00801.x · Cited by 2,538
Statistical methods for health care research
Munro, B. H. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,288
American Sleep Disorders Association
Peter, H., Penzel, T., Peter, J. H., & Peter, J. G. (2025) · Springer Reference Medizin · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65186-5_300098 · Cited by 341
The Multiple Sleep Latency Test: What Does It Measure?
Carskadon, M. A., & Dement, W. C. (1982) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/5.s2.s67 · Cited by 322
Daytime Alertness in Patients with Chronic Insomnia Compared with Asymptomatic Control Subjects
Stepanski, E. J., Zorick, F. J., Roehrs, T., Young, D. K., & Roth, T. G. (1988) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/11.1.54 · Cited by 306
Determinants of Daytime Sleepiness in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Guilleminault, C., Partinen, M., Quera-Salva, M.-A., Hayes, B., Dement, W. C., & Nino‐Murcia, G. (1988) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.94.1.32 · Cited by 274
Roehrs, T., Zorick, F. J., Wittig, R. M., Conway, W. A., & Roth, T. G. (1989) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.95.6.1202 · Cited by 201
Factor analysis of analogue scales measuring subjective feelings before and after sleep
Herbert, M., Johns, M. W., & Doré, C. J. (1976) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1976.tb02388.x · Cited by 154
Self-citationTest-Retest Reliability of the MSLT
Zwyghuizen‐Doorenbos, A., Roehrs, T., Schaefer, M. C., & Roth, T. G. (1988) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/11.6.562 · Cited by 108
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 19 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 1,436
A Randomized, Controlled Study of a Mandibular Advancement Splint for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
MEHTA, A., QIAN, J., PETOCZ, P., DARENDELILER, M. A., & CISTULLI, P. A. (2001) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.6.2004213 · Cited by 514
Greenhalgh, T., Sivan, M., Perlowski, A., & Nikolich‐Žugich, J. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01136-x · Cited by 621
Depression in Association With Severe Obesity
Dixon, J. B., Dixon, M. E., & O'Brien, P. E. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.17.2058 · Cited by 526
Qaseem, A., Dallas, P., Owens, D. K., Starkey, M., Holty, J.-E. C., & Shekelle, P. (2014) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m12-3187 · Cited by 526
Parkinson’s disease and sleepiness
Arnulf, I., Konofal, É., Merino-Andreu, M., Houéto, J., Mesnage, V., Welter, M., Lacomblez, L., Golmard, J., Derenne, J., & Agid, Y. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.58.7.1019 · Cited by 512
Obesity-Associated hypoventilation in hospitalized patients: prevalence, effects, and outcome
Nowbar, S., Burkart, K. M., Gonzales, R., Fedorowicz, A., Gozansky, W. S., Gaudio, J. C., Taylor, M. R. G., & Zwillich, C. W. (2003) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.08.022 · Cited by 520
Gallagher, D. A., Lees, A. J., & Schrag, A. E. (2010) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23394 · Cited by 506
Scammell, T. E. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra1500587 · Cited by 506
Actigraphy Validation with Insomnia
Lichstein, K. L., Stone, K. C., James Donaldson, R., Nau, S. D., Soeffing, J. P., Murray, D. M., Lester, K. W., & Aguillard, R. N. (2006) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.2.232 · Cited by 502
Espie, C. A., Emsley, R., Kyle, S. D., Gordon, C., Drake, C. L., Siriwardena, A. N., Cape, J., Ong, J. C., Sheaves, B., Foster, R., et al. (2019) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.2745 · Cited by 466
Rosen, I. M., Gimotty, P. A., Shea, J. A., & Bellini, L. M. (2006) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200601000-00020 · Cited by 495
Holty, J.-E. C., & Guilleminault, C. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.11.003 · Cited by 500
Andropause: clinical implications of the decline in serum testosterone levels with aging in men
Matsumoto, A. M. (2002) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/57.2.m76 · Cited by 490
Doherty, L. S., Kiely, J. L., Swan, V., & McNicholas, W. T. (2005) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.127.6.2076 · Cited by 485
Symptom Subtypes of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Predict Incidence of Cardiovascular Outcomes
Mazzotti, D. R., Keenan, B. T., Lim, D. C., Gottlieb, D. J., Kim, J., & Pack, A. I. (2019) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201808-1509oc · Cited by 486
2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M. T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.037 · Cited by 502
Effects of Oropharyngeal Exercises on Patients with Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Guimarães, K. C. C., Drager, L. F., Genta, P. R., Marcondes, B. F., & Lorenzi‐Filho, G. (2009) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200806-981oc · Cited by 485
Hinz, A., Glaesmer, H., Brähler, E., Löffler, M., Engel, C., Enzenbach, C., Hegerl, U., & Sander, C. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.03.008 · Cited by 482
Majumdar, P., Biswas, A., & Sahu, S. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1786107 · Cited by 477
The different clinical faces of obstructive sleep apnoea: a cluster analysis
Ye, L., Pien, G. W., Ratcliffe, S. J., Björnsdottir, E., Arnardottir, E. S., Pack, A. I., Benediktsdottir, B., & Gislason, T. (2014) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00032314 · Cited by 474
Zhong, X., Hilton, H. J., Gates, G. J., Jelic, S., Stern, Y., Bartels, M. N., DeMeersman, R. E., & Basner, R. C. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00620.2004 · Cited by 468
Tetrabenazine as antichorea therapy in Huntington disease: A randomized controlled trial
Huntington Study Group (2006) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000198586.85250.13 · Cited by 471
Sleepiness, Sleep-disordered Breathing, and Accident Risk Factors in Commercial Vehicle Drivers
Howard, M. E., Desai, A. V., Grunstein, R. R., Hukins, C., Armstrong, J. G., Joffe, D., Swann, P., Campbell, D. A., & Pierce, R. J. (2004) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200312-1782oc · Cited by 467
Evidence‐Based Recommendations for the Assessment and Management of Sleep Disorders in Older Persons
Bloom, H. G., Ahmed, I., Alessi, C. A., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Buysse, D. J., Kryger, M. H., Phillips, B. A., Thorpy, M. J., Vitiello, M. V., & Zee, P. C. (2009) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02220.x · Cited by 464
Patel, S. R., White, D. P., Malhotra, A., Stanchina, M. L., & Ayas, N. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.5.565 · Cited by 468
Witkowski, A., Prejbisz, A., Florczak, E., Kądziela, J., Śliwiński, P., Bieleń, P., Michałowska, I., Kabat, M., Warchoł, E., Januszewicz, M., et al. (2011) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.173799 · Cited by 460
Daytime Sleepiness Predicts Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults
Newman, A. B., Spiekerman, C. F., Enright, P., Lefkowitz, D. S., Manolio, T. A., Reynolds, C. F., & Robbins, J. (2000) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03901.x · Cited by 460
Babu, A. R., Herdegen, J., Fogelfeld, L., Shott, S., & Mazzone, T. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.4.447 · Cited by 453
Schram, M. T., Sep, S. J. S., Kallen, C., Dagnelie, P. C., Koster, A., Schaper, N. C., Henry, R. M. A., & Stehouwer, C. D. A. (2014) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9889-0 · Cited by 457
Finkel, K. J., Searleman, A. C., Tymkew, H., Tanaka, C. Y., Saager, L., Safer-Zadeh, E., Bottros, M. M., Selvidge, J. A., Jacobsohn, E., Pulley, D. D., et al. (2009) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2008.08.007 · Cited by 467
Mathias, J. L., & Alvaro, P. K. (2012) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.04.006 · Cited by 506
Yumino, D., Redolfi, S., Ruttanaumpawan, P., Su, M.-C., Smith, S., Newton, G. E., Mak, S., & Bradley, T. D. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.902452 · Cited by 452
Lo, J. C., Ong, J. L., Leong, R. L. F., Gooley, J. J., & Chee, M. W. L. (2016) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.5552 · Cited by 446
Chung, K.-F., Kan, K. K.-K., & Yeung, W.-F. (2011) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2010.09.019 · Cited by 454
A Community Study of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Middle-aged Chinese Men in Hong Kong
Ip, M., LAM, B. K., Lauder, I. J., Tsang, K. W. T., Chung, K., Mok, Y.-W., & Lam, W. K. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.119.1.62 · Cited by 447
Hinz, A., Klein, A. M., Brähler, E., Glaesmer, H., Luck, T., Riedel-Heller, S. G., Wirkner, K., & Hilbert, A. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.012 · Cited by 443
Quantitative criteria for insomnia
Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Taylor, D. J., Bush, A. J., & Riedel, B. W. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00023-2 · Cited by 531
Reliability and validity studies of the Turkish version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Izci‐Balserak, B., Ardiç, S., Fırat, H., Şahin, A., Altinörs, M., & Karacan, I. (2007) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-007-0145-7 · Cited by 448
Rammohan, K. W. (2002) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.72.2.179 · Cited by 441
Excessive daytime sleepiness and subsequent development of Parkinson disease
Abbott, R. D., Ross, G. W., White, L. R., Tanner, C. M., Masaki, K., Nelson, J. S., Curb, J. D., & Petrovitch, H. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000183056.89590.0d · Cited by 439
Lifestyle Intervention with Weight Reduction: First-line Treatment in Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Tuomilehto, H., Seppä, J., Partinen, M., Peltonen, M., Gylling, H., Tuomilehto, J., Vanninen, E. J., Kokkarinen, J. I., Sahlman, J., Martikainen, T., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200805-669oc · Cited by 454
Shift work and the assessment and management of shift work disorder (SWD)
Wright, K. P., Bogan, R. K., & Wyatt, J. K. (2013) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.02.002 · Cited by 437
Age at onset of narcolepsy in two large populations of patients in France and Quebec
Dauvilliers, Y. A., Montplaisir, J. Y., Molinari, N., Carlander, B., Ondzé, B., Besset, A., & Billiard, M. M. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.11.2029 · Cited by 424
Ulfberg, J., Nyström, B., Carter, N., & Edling, C. (2001) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.1209 · Cited by 422
Parkinson's disease sleep scale—validation of the revised version PDSS‐2
Trenkwalder, C., Kohnen, R., Högl, B., Metta, V., Sixel-Döring, F., Frauscher, B., Hülsmann, J., Martínez-Martín, P., & Chaudhuri, K. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23476 · Cited by 407
Myofunctional Therapy to Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Camacho, M., Certal, V., Abdullatif, J. D., Zaghi, S., Ruoff, C. M., Capasso, R., & Kushida, C. A. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4652 · Cited by 420
Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Serum Inflammatory Markers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Minoguchi, K., Yokoe, T., 田崎, 俊., Minoguchi, H., Tanaka, A., Oda, N., Okada, S., Ohta, S., Naito, H., & Adachi, M. (2005) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200412-1652oc · Cited by 429
Obstructive Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Patients Evaluated for Bariatric Surgery
Frey, W. C., & Pilcher, J. (2003) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/096089203322509228 · Cited by 410
A new scale for measuring insomnia: the Bergen Insomnia Scale.
Pallesen, S., Bjorvatn, B., Nordhus, I. H., Sivertsen, B., Hjørnevik, M., & Morin, C. M. (2008) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.107.3.691-706 · Cited by 426
Sleep and Sleep-disordered Breathing in Adults with Predominantly Mild Obstructive Airway Disease
Sanders, M. H., Newman, A. B., Haggerty, C. L., Redline, S., Lebowitz, M., Samet, J., O'Connor, G. T., Punjabi, N. M., & Shahar, E. (2003) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.2203046 · Cited by 408
Wiggs, L. D., & Stores, G. (2004) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1017/s0012162204000611 · Cited by 408
Kedor, C., Freitag, H., Meyer‐Arndt, L., Wittke, K., Hanitsch, L. G., Zöller, T., Steinbeis, F., Haffke, M., Rudolf, G., Heidecker, B., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-32507-6 · Cited by 427
Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Treatment
Braley, T. J., & Chervin, R. D. (2010) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.8.1061 · Cited by 424
Effect of Deutetrabenazine on Chorea Among Patients With Huntington Disease
Huntington Study Group, Frank, S., Testa, C. M., Stamler, D. A., Kayson, E., Davis, C. S., Edmondson, M. C., Kinel, S., Leavitt, B. R., Oakes, D., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.8655 · Cited by 417
Randomized trial of modafinil for the treatment of pathological somnolence in narcolepsy
Fry (1998) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410430115 · Cited by 398
Dyrbye, L. N., Power, D. V., Massie, F. S., Eacker, A. M., Harper, W. R., Thomas, M. R., Szydlo, D. W., Sloan, J. A., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2010) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03754.x · Cited by 397
Origin of Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: Review of the Literature
Kos, D., Kerckhofs, E., Nagels, G., D'hooghe, M. B., & Ilsbroukx, S. (2007) · Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · doi:10.1177/1545968306298934 · Cited by 400
Sleep Disturbances in Pregnancy
Facco, F. L., Kramer, J., Ho, K. H., Zee, P. C., & Grobman, W. A. (2010) · Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e3181c4f8ec · Cited by 403
Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Is It a Unique Clinical Syndrome?
Morgenthaler, T. I., Kagramanov, V., Hanak, V., & Decker, P. A. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.9.1203 · Cited by 462
Ferguson, K. A., Ono, T., Lowe, A. A., al-Majed, S., Love, L. L., & Fleetham, J. A. (1997) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.52.4.362 · Cited by 391
Secondary arterial hypertension: when, who, and how to screen?
Rimoldi, S. F., Scherrer, U., & Messerli, F. H. (2014) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht534 · Cited by 393
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale may not reflect objective measures of sleepiness or sleep apnea
Chervin, R. D., & Aldrich, M. S. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.1.125 · Cited by 395
Translating the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Into Arabic
Suleiman, K. H., Yates, B. C., Berger, A. M., Pozehl, B., & Meza, J. L. (2009) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945909348230 · Cited by 400
Sleepiness and Sleep in Patients With Both Systolic Heart Failure and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Arzt, M. E. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.16.1716 · Cited by 398
Arnal, P. J., Thorey, V., Debellemaniere, E., Ballard, M. E., Bou Hernandez, A., Guillot, A., Jourde, H., Harris, M., Guillard, M., Van Beers, P., et al. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa097 · Cited by 394
Frontal lobe function, sleep loss and fragmented sleep
Jones, K., & Harrison, Y. (2001) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0203 · Cited by 390
Prospective Study of Sleep-disordered Breathing and Hypertension: The Sleep Heart Health Study
O'Connor, G. T., Caffo, B., Newman, A. B., Quan, S. F., Rapoport, D. M., Redline, S., Resnick, H. E., Samet, J., & Shahar, E. (2009) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200712-1809oc · Cited by 390
Short sleep duration and incident coronary artery calcification
(2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2008.867 · Cited by 389
Experimental evaluation of eye-blink parameters as a drowsiness measure
Caffier, P. P., Erdmann, U., & Ullsperger, P. (2003) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-003-0807-5 · Cited by 388
Oxidative Stress in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Yamauchi, M., Nakano, H., Maekawa, J., Okamoto, Y., Ohnishi, Y., Suzuki, T., & Kimura, H. (2005) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.127.5.1674 · Cited by 403
The Clinical Use of the MSLT and MWT
Arand, D. L., Bonnet, M. H., Hurwitz, T. D., Mitler, M. M., Rosa, R. R., & Sangal, R. B. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.1.123 · Cited by 388
Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes
Botros, N., Concato, J., Mohsenin, V., Selim, B., Doctor, K., & Yaggi, H. K. (2009) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.04.026 · Cited by 384
Donga, E., van Dijk, M., van Dijk, J. G., Biermasz, N. R., Lammers, G.-J., van Kralingen, K. W., Corssmit, E. P. M., & Romijn, J. A. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2430 · Cited by 387
Circadian Melatonin Rhythm and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Parkinson Disease
Videnovic, A., Noble, C., Reid, K. J., Peng, J., Turek, F. W., Marconi, A., Rademaker, A. W., Simuni, T., Zadikoff, C., & Zee, P. C. (2014) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.6239 · Cited by 390
Daytime sleepiness and other sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease
Ondo, W. G., Vuong, K. D., Khan, H., Atassi, F., Kwak, C. H., & Jankovic, J. J. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.57.8.1392 · Cited by 386
Espie, C. A., Fleming, L., Cassidy, J., Samuel, L., Taylor, L. M., White, C. A., Douglas, N. J., Engleman, H. M., Kelly, H.-L., & Paul, J. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.13.9006 · Cited by 383
Health‐related quality of life in early Parkinson's disease: The impact of nonmotor symptoms
Duncan, G. W., Khoo, T. K., Yarnall, A. J., O'Brien, J. T., Coleman, S. Y., Brooks, D. J., Barker, R. A., & Burn, D. J. (2013) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.25664 · Cited by 383
Mortimore, I. L., Marshall, I., WRAITH, P. K., Sellar, R. J., & Douglas, N. J. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.1.9703018 · Cited by 378
HOY, C. J., VENNELLE, M., KINGSHOTT, R. N., ENGLEMAN, H. M., & DOUGLAS, N. J. (1999) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.159.4.9808008 · Cited by 379
Daytime Sleepiness and Hyperactivity in Children With Suspected Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Melendres, C., Lutz, J. M., Rubin, E. D., & Marcus, C. L. (2004) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2004-0730 · Cited by 381
Sleep-wake disturbances 6 months after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study
Baumann, C. R., Werth, E., Stocker, R., Ludwig, S., & Bassetti, C. L. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm109 · Cited by 380
Predictors of dementia in Parkinson disease
Anang, J. B. M., Gagnon, J., Bertrand, J., Romenets, S. R., Latreille, V., Panisset, M., Montplaisir, J. Y., & Postuma, R. B. (2014) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000000842 · Cited by 379
Paine, S.-J., Gander, P. H., & Travier, N. (2006) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730405283154 · Cited by 377
Caffeine Effects on Sleep Taken 0, 3, or 6 Hours before Going to Bed
Drake, C., Roehrs, T., Shambroom, J., & Roth, T. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.3170 · Cited by 366
Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in men with type 2 diabetes
West, S. D., Nicoll, D., & Stradling, J. R. (2006) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2005.057745 · Cited by 372
Automobile Accidents in Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome: An Epidemiological and Mechanistic Study
Barbé, F., Pericas, J., Muñoz, A. M., Findley, L. J., Antó, J. M., Agustí, A. G. N., & JOAN, M. D. L. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.1.9709135 · Cited by 372
Italian version of the Epworth sleepiness scale: external validity
Vignatelli, L., Plazzi, G., Barbato, A., Ferini‐Strambi, L., Manni, R., Pompei, F., & D’Alessandro, R. (2003) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s100720300004 · Cited by 370
Li, F., Fisher, K. J., Harmer, P., Irbe, D., Tearse, R. G., & Weimer, C. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52255.x · Cited by 370
Can SVM be used for automatic EEG detection of drowsiness during car driving?
Yeo, M. V. M., Li, X., Shen, K., & Wilder-Smith, E. P. (2008) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2008.01.007 · Cited by 369
An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Review
Sateia, M. J., Doghramji, K., Hauri, P., & Morin, C. M. (2000) · Cited by 369
Rosen, C. L., Auckley, D., Benca, R., Foldvary-Schaefer, N., Iber, C., Kapur, V., Rueschman, M., Zee, P., & Redline, S. (2012) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1870 · Cited by 367
RETRACTED: CPAP for the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sharma, S. K., Agrawal, S., Damodaran, D., Sreenivas, V., Kadhiravan, T., Ramakrishnan, L., Jagia, P., & Kumar, A. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1103944 · Cited by 366
RetractedExploring the Relationship Between Parkinson Disease and Restless Legs Syndrome
Ondo, W. G., Vuong, K. D., & Jankovic, J. J. (2002) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.59.3.421 · Cited by 366
Adolescents, substance abuse, and the treatment of insomnia and daytime sleepiness
Bootzin, R. R., & Stevens, S. J. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.04.007 · Cited by 363
Sleep Irregularity and Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Huang, T., Mariani, S., & Redline, S. S. (2020) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.054 · Cited by 387
The reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Epworth sleepiness scale
Cho, Y. W., Lee, J. H., Son, H. K., Lee, S. H., Shin, C., & Johns, M. W. (2010) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-010-0343-6 · Cited by 365
Self-citationInternet overuse and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents
Choi, K., Son, H., Park, M., Han, J.-K., Kim, K., Lee, B., & Gwak, H. (2009) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01925.x · Cited by 363
Randomized trial of modafinil as a treatment for the excessive daytime somnolence of narcolepsy
US Modafinil in Narcolepsy Multicenter Study Group (2000) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.54.5.1166 · Cited by 363
The Indications for Polysomnography and Related Procedures
Chesson, A. L., Ferber, R. A., Fry, J. M., Grigg-Damberger, M. M., Hartse, K. M., Hurwitz, T. D., Johnson, S. F., Kader, G. A., Littner, M. R., Rosen, G. M., et al. (1997) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/20.6.423 · Cited by 363
Biological Rhythm and Chronotype: New Perspectives in Health
Montaruli, A., Castelli, L., Mulè, A., Scurati, R., Esposito, F., Galasso, L., & Roveda, E. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11040487 · Cited by 400
Metadata
- Authors
- Johns, M. W.
- Affiliations
- Epworth Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Johns, Murray W.
- ORCID
- Johns, Murray W.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1991-11-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 540-545
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W197066864
- Cited by
- 17,364
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 845 · 2025: 955 · 2024: 991 · 2023: 964 · 2022: 1030 · 2021: 1116 · 2020: 1035 · 2019: 941 · 2018: 848 · 2017: 823 · 2016: 853 · 2015: 757 · 2014: 738 · 2013: 698 · 2012: 656
- FWCI
- 8.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- Epworth Sleepiness Scale, daytime sleepiness, self-report questionnaire, sleep disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, multiple sleep latency test, sleep latency, respiratory disturbance index, oxygen saturation, snoring
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Circadian Rhythm, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Male, Middle Aged, Narcolepsy, Psychometrics, Restless Legs Syndrome, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Wake Disorders, Snoring, Wakefulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
