Cited by 650Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and related disorders

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Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders: Part I, Basic Principles, Shift Work and Jet Lag Disorders

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Sack, Robert L, Auckley, Dennis, Auger, R. Robert, Carskadon, Mary A., Wright, Kenneth P., Vitiello, Michael V., Zhdanova, Irina V.·2007·Sleep

DOI 10.1093/sleep/30.11.1460PMC PMC2082105

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This the first of two articles reviewing the scientific literature on the evaluation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs), employing the methodology of evidence-based medicine. In this first part of this paper, the general principles of circadian biology that underlie clinical evaluation and treatment are reviewed. We then report on the accumulated evidence regarding the evaluation and treatment of shift work disorder (SWD) and jet lag disorder (JLD). METHODS: A set of specific questions relevant to clinical practice were formulated, a systematic literature search was performed, and relevant articles were abstracted and graded. RESULTS: A substantial body of literature has accumulated that provides a rational basis the evaluation and treatment of SWD and JLD. Physiological assessment has involved determination of circadian phase using core body temperature and the timing of melatonin secretion. Behavioral assessment has involved sleep logs, actigraphy and the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Treatment interventions fall into three broad categories: 1) prescribed sleep scheduling, 2) circadian phase shifting ("resetting the clock"), and 3) symptomatic treatment using hypnotic and stimulant medications. CONCLUSION: Circadian rhythm science has also pointed the way to rational interventions for the SWD and JLD, and these treatments have been introduced into the practice of sleep medicine with varying degrees of success. More translational research is needed using subjects who meet current diagnostic criteria.

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Authors: Sack, R. L., Auckley, D., Auger, R. R., Carskadon, M. A., Wright, K. P., Vitiello, M. V., & Zhdanova, I. V.
Affiliations: Oregon Health & Science University (US)
Mayo Clinic (US)
Brown University (US)
University of Colorado Boulder (US)
University of Washington (US)
Boston University (US)
ORCID: Auckley, Dennis
Auger, R. Robert
Carskadon, Mary A.
Wright, Kenneth P.
Vitiello, Michael V.
Zhdanova, Irina V.
Venue: Sleep
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2007-11
Volume: 30
Issue: 11
Pages: 1460-1483
ISSN: 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
1550-9109
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/30.11.1460
PMC: PMC2082105
OpenAlex: W2606013951
Cited by: 650
References: 205
Citations by year: 2026: 18 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 43
FWCI: 2.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: SLEEP (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: GlaxoSmithKline
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords: circadian rhythm sleep disorders, shift work disorder, circadian phase, core body temperature, melatonin secretion, actigraphy, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, sleep scheduling, circadian phase shifting, hypnotics, stimulant medication, sleep medicine
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Employment, Female, Humans, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Male, Middle Aged, Phototherapy, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Prevalence, Polysomnography, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm, Jet Lag Syndrome

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Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders: Part I, Basic Principles, Shift Work and Jet Lag Disorders

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