Cited by 392Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

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Psychiatric Comorbidity and Functioning in Clinically Referred Preschool Children and School-Age Youths With ADHD

WILENS, TIMOTHY E., BIEDERMAN, JOSEPH, BROWN, SARAH, TANGUAY, SARAH, MONUTEAUX, MICHAEL C., BLAKE, CHRISTIE, SPENCER, THOMAS J.·2002·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1097/00004583-200203000-00005

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Abstract

Objective Although the literature documents that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) commonly onsets prior to age 6, little is known about the disorder in preschool children. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity, and functioning of preschool children and school-age youths with ADHD referred to a pediatric psychiatric clinic for evaluation. Method Structured psychiatric interviews assessing lifetime psychopathology by DSM-III-R criteria were completed with parents about their children. Family, social, and overall functioning were also assessed at intake. Results We identified 165 children with ADHD aged 4 to 6 years (preschool children) and 381 youths aged 7 to 9 years (school-age) with ADHD. Despite being younger, preschool children had similar rates of comorbid psychopathology compared with school-age youths with ADHD. There was an earlier onset of ADHD and co-occurring psychopathology in the preschool children compared to school-age youths. Both preschool children and school-age youths had substantial impairment in school, social, and overall functioning. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that despite being significantly younger, clinically referred preschool children with ADHD are reminiscent of school-age youths with ADHD in the quality of ADHD, high rates of comorbid psychopathology, and impaired functioning. Follow-up of these clinically referred preschool children with ADHD to evaluate the stability of their diagnoses, treatment response, and their long-term outcome are necessary.

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Authors: WILENS, T. E., BIEDERMAN, J., BROWN, S., TANGUAY, S., MONUTEAUX, M. C., BLAKE, C., & SPENCER, T. J.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: WILENS, TIMOTHY E.
ORCID: WILENS, TIMOTHY E.
BIEDERMAN, JOSEPH
SPENCER, THOMAS J.
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-03
Volume: 41
Issue: 3
Pages: 262-268
ISSN: 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200203000-00005
OpenAlex: W2015227012
Cited by: 391
References: 39
Citations by year: 2025: 10 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 7.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD comorbidity, preschool children, elementary school students, psychiatric comorbidity, functioning, social functioning, school functioning
MeSH terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Referral and Consultation, Severity of Illness Index, Comorbidity, Prevalence

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Psychiatric Comorbidity and Functioning in Clinically Referred Preschool Children and School-Age Youths With ADHD

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