Cited by 1,227Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMental Health Treatment and AccessAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorders

Open access

FORD, TAMSIN, GOODMAN, ROBERT, MELTZER, HOWARD·2003·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1097/00004583-200310000-00011

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Objective To describe the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders and comorbidity in a large population-based sample of British children and adolescents.Method Using a one-phase design, 10,438 children were assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), a structured interview with verbatim reports reviewed by clinicians so that information from parents, teachers, and children was combined in a manner that emulated the clinical process. The authors' analysis examined comorbidity and the influence of teacher reports.Results The overall prevalence of DSM-IV disorders was 9.5% (95% confidence interval 8.8-10.1%), but 2.1% of children were assigned "not otherwise specified" rather than operationalized diagnoses. After adjusting for the presence of a third disorder, there was no longer significant comorbidity between anxiety and conduct disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or between depression and oppositional defiant disorder. A comparison of the disorders in children with and without teacher reports suggested that the prevalence of conduct disorders and ADHD would be underestimated in the absence of teacher information.Conclusions Roughly 1 in 10 children have at least one DSM-IV disorder, involving a level of distress or social impairment likely to warrant treatment. Comorbidity reported between some childhood diagnoses may be due to the association of both disorders with a third. Diagnoses of conduct disorder and ADHD may be missed if information is not sought from teachers about children's functioning in school.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/00004583-200310000-00011

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Comorbidity
Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Erkanli, A. (1999) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00424 · Cited by 1,872
The Development and Well‐Being Assessment: Description and Initial Validation of an Integrated Assessment of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Goodman, R., Ford, T., Richards, H., Gatward, R., & Meltzer, H. (2000) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2000.tb02345.x · Cited by 1,755
Self-citation
The NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3): Description, Acceptability, Prevalence Rates, and Performance in the MECA Study
SHAFFER, D., FISHER, P., DULCAN, M. K., DAVIES, M., PIACENTINI, J., SCHWAB-STONE, M. E., LAHEY, B. B., BOURDON, K., JENSEN, P. S., BIRD, H. R., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199607000-00012 · Cited by 1,587
Adolescent psychopathology: I. Prevalence and incidence of depression and other DSM-III—R disorders in high school students.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Hops, H., Roberts, R. E., Seeley, J. R., & Andrews, J. A. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.1.133 · Cited by 1,547
DSM-III Disorders in Preadolescent Children
Anderson, J. C. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800130081010 · Cited by 1,466
Mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain
Meltzer, H., Gatward, R., Goodman, R., & Ford, T. (2003) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/0954026021000046155 · Cited by 1,214
Self-citation
The Great Smoky Mountains Study of Youth
Costello, E. J. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830120067012 · Cited by 1,088
Ontario Child Health Study
Offord, D. R. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800210084013 · Cited by 1,044

Show all 37 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Canino, 1995, Child psychiatric epidemiology: what have we learned and what we need to learn, Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 5, 79
Kashani, 1987, Psychiatric disorders in a community sample of adolescents, Am J Psychiatry, 144, 584
Market Research Society, 1981, Report of the second working party on respondent co-operation: 1977–1980, J Market Res Soc, 23, 3

Sorted by citations

Items 401–500 of 998

Does the cortisol response to stress mediate the link between expressed emotion and oppositional behavior in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD)?
Christiansen, H., Oades, R. D., Psychogiou, L., Hauffa, B. P., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-6-45 · Cited by 45
Association between ADHD drug use and injuries among children and adolescents
van den Ban, E. F., Souverein, P. C., Meijer, W. M., van Engeland, H., Swaab, H., Egberts, T. C. G., & Heerdink, E. R. (2013) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0432-8 · Cited by 46
Why some children with externalising problems develop internalising symptoms: testing two pathways in a genetically sensitive cohort study
Wertz, J., Zavos, H. M. S., Matthews, T., Harvey, K., Hunt, A., Pariante, C. M., & Arseneault, L. (2014) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12333 · Cited by 43
“Moreover, preadolescence is a key period for assessing new internalising problems, which emerge at this time (Ford et al., 2003).”
A Review of Scales to Measure Social Anxiety Disorder in Clinical and Epidemiological Studies
Wong, Q. J. J., Gregory, B., & McLellan, L. F. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0677-2 · Cited by 48
Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents; in Tehran, 2017
Khaleghi, A., Mohammadi, M. R., Zandifar, A., Ahmadi, N., Alavi, S. S., Ahmadi, A., Mahmoudi‐Gharaei, J., Hooshyari, Z., Mostafavi, S., Fooladi, M. F., et al. (2018) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.08.011 · Cited by 44
Anxiety and depression in adolescents with a visible difference: A systematic review and meta-analysis
van Dalen, M., Dierckx, B., Pasmans, S. G. M. A., Aendekerk, E. W. C., Mathijssen, I. M. J., Koudstaal, M. J., Timman, R., Williamson, H., Hillegers, M. H. J., Utens, E. M. W. J., et al. (2020) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.006 · Cited by 44
Empirically Supported Assessment of Children and Adolescents
Youngstrom, E. A., & Meter, A. V. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1037/h0101738 · Cited by 47
Taxometric evidence of a dimensional latent structure for depression in an epidemiological sample of children and adolescents
Liu, R. T. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715002792 · Cited by 43
“Data were derived from Mental Health of Children and Young People in Great Britain surveys.”
Method
Self-criticism and self-esteem in early adolescence: Do they predict depression?
Gittins, C. B., & Hunt, C. J. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244182 · Cited by 54
“While it appears clear that depression increases during adolescence [11] and self-esteem decreases [41]–although some research has suggested a less linear change in self-esteem [42]–the trajectory of self-criticism is unclear.”
BackgroundInfluential
Positive Mental Well-being in Australian Adolescents: Evaluating the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale
Hunter, S. C., Houghton, S. J., & Wood, L. J. (2015) · The Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist · doi:10.1017/edp.2015.12 · Cited by 43
Treatment of childhood anxiety disorder in the context of maternal anxiety disorder: a randomised controlled trial and economic analysis
Creswell, C., Cruddace, S., Gerry, S., Gitau, R., McIntosh, E., Mollison, J., Murray, L., Shafran, R., Stein, A. L., Violato, M., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19380 · Cited by 44
Co-Occurrence of ODD and CD in Preschool Children With Symptoms of ADHD
Bendiksen, B., Svensson, E., Aase, H., Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T., Friis, S., Myhre, A. M., & Zeiner, P. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714538655 · Cited by 48
Vocal Characteristics in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Hamdan, A., Deeb, R., Sibai, A. M., Rameh, C. E., Rifai, H., & Fayyad, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.09.004 · Cited by 43
Screening for Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children With Recurrent Headache or Recurrent Abdominal Pain
Machnes-Maayan, D., Elazar, M., Apter, A. S., Zeharia, A., Krispin, O., & Eidlitz‐Markus, T. (2013) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.07.011 · Cited by 43
Cognitive and attentional vulnerability to depression in youth: A review
Kertz, S. J., Petersen, D., & Stevens, K. T. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.01.004 · Cited by 46
Antidepressants in child and adolescent depression: where are the bugs?
Moreno, C., Arango, C., Parellada, M., Shaffer, D., & Bird, H. (2006) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00951.x · Cited by 44
An epidemological study of obsessive compulsive disorder in adolescents from India
Jaisoorya, T. S., Reddy, Y. C. J., Thennarasu, K., Beena, K. V., Beena, M. B., & Jose, D. C. (2015) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.05.003 · Cited by 41
“The rate of ADHD in our non-OCD group is similar to prevalence rate of about 5% reported in school age population [15,51,52].”
Result
Assessing eating disorder symptoms in adolescence: Is there a role for multiple informants?
Swanson, S. A., Aloisio, K. M., Horton, N. J., Sonneville, K. R., Crosby, R. D., Eddy, K. T., Field, A. E., & Micali, N. (2014) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22250 · Cited by 42
“We used this information to: (1) estimate the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms according to different methods for utilizing the available information; (2) model the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms within levels of covariates; and (3) assess the predictive validity of parent and adolescent report of eating…”
Self-Reported Mental Health Problems Among Adolescents in Developing Countries
Atilola, O., Balhara, Y. P. S., Stevanović, D., Avicenna, M., & Kandemır, H. (2013) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e31828123a6 · Cited by 41
The Art Room: An evaluation of a targeted school-based group intervention for students with emotional and behavioural difficulties
Cortina, M. A., & Fazel, M. S. (2014) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2014.12.003 · Cited by 42
CHILDHOOD DEPRESSION. Exploring the association between family violence and other psychosocial factors in low-income Brazilian schoolchildren
Avanci, J. Q., de Assis, S. G., de Oliveira, R. D. V. C., & Pires, T. D. O. (2012) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-6-26 · Cited by 42
“8% of children under 13 years of age suffer from depression disorders [1-3].”
The (non)Protective Role of Self-Compassion in Internalizing Symptoms: Two Empirical Studies in Adolescents Demonstrating Unwanted Effects of Using the Self-Compassion Scale Total Score
Muris, P., Otgaar, H., López, A., Kurtic, I., & van de Laar, I. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01514-3 · Cited by 46
“For example, large-scale epidemiological studies conducted in the general population have shown that a substantial minority of the young people will likely suffer from anxiety and depressive disorders (Ford et al. 2003; Merikangas et al. 2010), with cumulative prevalence rates of 9.”
BackgroundInfluential
Childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Verkuijl, N., Perkins, M., & Fazel, M. S. (2015) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.h2168 · Cited by 45
Reaching the hard to reach: quantitative and qualitative evaluation of school-based arts therapies with young people with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties
Cobbett, S. (2016) · Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties · doi:10.1080/13632752.2016.1215119 · Cited by 41
“…is also evidence that the proportion of children experiencing clinically diagnosable mental health difficulties has increased recently (Maughan, Iervolino, and Collishaw 2005) with 10% of children suffering clinical levels of emotional and behavioural problems (Ford, Goodman, and Meltzer 2003).”
Background
Mental health and coping strategies in families of children and young adults with muscular dystrophies
Tesei, A., Nobile, M., Colombo, P., Civati, F., Gandossini, S., Mani, E., Molteni, M., Bresolin, N., & D’Angelo, G. (2020) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-020-09792-6 · Cited by 41
“The DAWBA has satisfactory validity and inter-rater reliability [54, 56].”
Practitioner Review: Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder – the importance of depression
Thapar, A., Livingston, L. A., Eyre, O., & Riglin, L. (2022) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13678 · Cited by 42
“…attenuates when adjusting for anxiety, oppositional deﬁant, and conduct disorders (e.g. Copeland, Shanahan, Erkanli, Costello, & Angold, 2013; Ford, Goodman, & Meltzer, 2003), however some studies still ﬁnd a robust association after accounting for comorbid psychiatric disorders (e.g.…”
Background
Review of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Hazell, P. (2010) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10398562.2010.498049 · Cited by 45
Association of Anxiety and ODD/CD in Children With and Without ADHD
Humphreys, K. L., Aguirre, V. P., & Lee, S. S. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.656557 · Cited by 42
“Indeed, rates of anxiety and disruptive behavior disorders occur above chance (eg, Ford, Goodman, & Meltzer, 2003 ).”
Background
Influence of assessment instrument on ADHD diagnosis
Posserud, M.-B. R., Ullebø, A. K., Plessen, K. J., Stormark, K. M., Gillberg, C., & Lundervold, A. J. (2013) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0442-6 · Cited by 41
A Controlled Trial of a Cognitive Skills Program for Personality-Disordered Offenders
Young, S., Hopkin, G., Perkins, D. E., Farr, C., Doidge, A. N., & Gudjonsson, G. H. (2012) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054711430333 · Cited by 42
Emotional Health and Well‐being in Schools: Involving Young People
Coombes, L., Appleton, J. V., Allen, D., & Yerrell, P. (2011) · Children & Society · doi:10.1111/j.1099-0860.2011.00401.x · Cited by 52
Sources of variability in the prospective relation of language to social, emotional, and behavior problem symptoms: Implications for developmental language disorder.
Yew, S. G. K., the SCALES Team, Griffiths, S., & Norbury, C. (2021) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000691 · Cited by 40
“Numerous studies have highlighted sex differences in DLD and SEB problems, with boys overrepresented in clinical samples of DLD, and externalizing and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder types of SEB (Ford et al., 2003; Mouridsen & Hauschild, 2010; Polanczyk et al., 2015; Whitehouse, 2010).”
Background
Aggression Among Children with ADHD, Anxiety, or Co-occurring Symptoms: Competing Exacerbation and Attenuation Hypotheses
Becker, S. P., Luebbe, A. M., Stoppelbein, L., Greening, L., & Fite, P. J. (2011) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-011-9590-7 · Cited by 41
“Moreover, our findings highlight the importance of including ODD in studies that examine co-occurring ADHD and anxiety, particularly given the possibility that the relation between parent-reported ADHD and anxiety may be attributable to coexisting ODD behaviors (see, e.g., Baldwin and Dadds 2008; Ford et al. 2003; Mar…”
Background
Longitudinal Development of Antisocial Behaviors in Young and Early Adolescent Puerto Rican Children at Two Sites
Bird, H., Shrout, P. E., Davies, M., CANINO, G. J., Duarte, C. S., Shen, S., & Loeber, R. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000242243.23044.ac · Cited by 41
“DSM-IV studies outside Puerto Rico report prevalence rates in the 2% to 8% range (Angold et al., 2002; Bauermeister et al., 1994; Fleitlich-Bilyk and Goodman, 2004; Ford et al., 2003; Gau et al., 2005; Loeber et al., 2000).”
Background
Anxious Solitude and Clinical Disorder in Middle Childhood: Bridging Developmental and Clinical Approaches to Childhood Social Anxiety
Gazelle, H., Workman, J. O., & Allan, W. (2010) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9343-z · Cited by 52
“However, on balance, recent epidemiological studies do not support this adolescent increase (Ford et al. 2003; Rapee et al. 2009).”
Background
Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders Among Turkish Children: The Effects of Impairment and Sociodemographic Correlates
Ercan, E. S., Bılaç, Ö., Uysal, T., & Ardıç, Ü. A. (2015) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-015-0541-3 · Cited by 40
“important not only to relieve current distress but also to improve adult functioning and prevent the perpetuation of disadvantage into the next generation [1].”
Background
Epidemiological study on behavioural and emotional problems in developmental age: prevalence in a sample of Italian children, based on parent and teacher reports
Gritti, A., Bravaccio, C., Signoriello, S., Salerno, F., Pisano, S., Catone, G., Gallo, C., & Pascotto, A. (2014) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1824-7288-40-19 · Cited by 40
“A similar responders rate was reported by Levi [17] in an Italian sample, while other studies in Europe showed a compliance rate from 50% to 70% [1-5].”
BackgroundResult
Behavioral outcomes of picky eating in childhood: a prospective study in the general population
Cano, S. C., Hoek, H. W., van Hoeken, D., de Barse, L. M., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Verhulst, F. C., & Tiemeier, H. W. (2016) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12530 · Cited by 47
School characteristics and children's mental health: A linked survey-administrative data study
Patalay, P., O'Neill, E., Deighton, J., & Fink, E. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106292 · Cited by 42
Psychological Factors Linked to Self-Reported Depression Symptoms in Late Adolescence
Smith, M. J., Calam, R. M., & Bolton, C. A. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465808004724 · Cited by 40
A longitudinal study of the association between inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity and children's academic attainment at age 11
Merrell, C. H., Sayal, K. S., Tymms, P. B., & Kasim, A. (2016) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2016.04.003 · Cited by 40
“In the UK, the prevalence rate has been estimated to be 2.2% (Ford et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluential
The Soma Assessment Interview: New parent interview on functional somatic symptoms in children
Rask, C. U., Christensen, M. F., Borg, C., Søndergaard, C., Thomsen, P. H., & Fink, P. (2009) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2008.10.012 · Cited by 40
“Furthermore, large epidemiological studies have demonstrated that this design is very cost-effective compared with semistructured interviews, as several lay interviewers can gather the data while only a few clinicians are needed for the assessments [24].”
Background
No evidence for preferential transmission of common valine allele of the Val66Met polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) in ADHD
SCHIMMELMANN, B. G., Friedel, S., Dempfle, A., Warnke, A., Lesch, K., Walitza, S., Renner, T., Romanos, M., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Linder, M., et al. (2007) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-006-0616-1 · Cited by 39
“Boys are more frequently affected than girls, with observed ratios between 2:1 and 9:1 (Ford et al., 2003).”
Background
Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Hasin, D., Fenton, M., & Weissman, M. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9780470976739.ch17 · Cited by 14
Can early intake of dietary omega‐3 predict childhood externalizing behaviour?
Waylen, A. E., Ford, T. J., Goodman, R., Samara, M. M., & Dieter Wolke, C. (2009) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2009.01434.x · Cited by 38
“An experienced clinician (TF) combined all information about symptoms and their impact using a computerized heuristic to make DSM-IV diagnoses of childhood psychiatric disorders (17).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and its Comorbidity among Korean Children in a Community Population
Kim, M. J., Park, I., Lim, M. H., Paik, K. C., Cho, S., Kwon, H., Lee, S. G., Yoo, S.-J., & Ha, M. (2017) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2017.32.3.401 · Cited by 38
Mental Health Symptoms Unexpectedly Increased in Students Aged 11–19 Years During the 3.5 Years After the 2016 Fort McMurray Wildfire: Findings From 9,376 Survey Responses
Brown, M. R. G., Pazderka, H., Agyapong, V. I. O., Greenshaw, A. J., Cribben, I., Brett-MacLean, P., Drolet, J., McDonald-Harker, C. B., Omeje, J., Lee, B. A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.676256 · Cited by 39
“These results are consistent with previous reports of increased mental health impairment among older youth compared to younger youth post-disaster (68), as well as higher rates of mental health symptoms in older adolescents more generally (69).”
Result
Prevalencia de la sintomatología emocional y comportamental en adolescentes españoles a través del Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) = Prevalence of emotional and behavioral symptoms in spanish adolescents using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) (SDQ)
Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Paíno, M., Giráldez, S. L., & Muñiz, J. (2011) · Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica · doi:10.5944/rppc.vol.16.num.1.2011.10348 · Cited by 38
Teacher reports of ADHD symptoms in Italian children at the end of first grade
Mugnaini, D., Masi, G., Brovedani, P., Chelazzi, C., Matas, M., Romagnoli, C., & Zuddas, A. (2005) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.04.011 · Cited by 39
“A population-based study of 10,438 British children and adolescents assessed with a structured interview to parents, teachers and children, showed that the prevalence of ADHD and conduct disorder would be underestimated in the absence of teacher information [12].”
Background
Evaluation of attitudes towards treatment in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Ferrín, M., Ruíz-Veguilla, M., Blanc-Betes, M., El, S., Lax-Pericall, T., Sinclair, M., & Taylor, E. A. (2012) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-012-0277-6 · Cited by 42
Integrative neuroscience approach to predict ADHD stimulant response
Hermens, D. F., ROWE, D. L., Gordon, E., & Williams, L. M. (2006) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.6.5.753 · Cited by 38
Test of the Metacognitive Model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Anxiety-Disordered Adolescents
Ellis, D. M., & Hudson, J. L. (2011) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.011910 · Cited by 43
Sex Differences in the Meaning of Parent and Teacher Ratings of ADHD Behaviors: An Observational Study
Meyer, B. J., Stevenson, J., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054717723988 · Cited by 37
“, 2008), particularly in light of the significant role of parents and teachers (Ford et al., 2003; NICE, 2008; Sayal, Ford, & Goodman, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluential
ADHD and academic attainment: Is there an advantage in impulsivity?
Tymms, P., & Merrell, C. (2011) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.07.014 · Cited by 37
Associations between social isolation, pro-social behaviour and emotional development in preschool aged children: a population based survey of kindergarten staff
Marryat, L., Thompson, L. C., Minnis, H., & Wilson, P. (2014) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-014-0044-1 · Cited by 37
“Gender has been evidenced to affect social and emotional development, with boys having more difficulties in early childhood, but with depression and anxiety in girls becoming dominant in adolescence (Cohen et al. 1993; Ford et al. 2003).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Working through the blues: A meta-analysis on Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (IPT-A)
Mychailyszyn, M. P., & Elson, D. M. (2018) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.02.011 · Cited by 27
Towards systemic support of pupils with emotional and behavioural disorders
Mooij, T., & Smeets, E. (2009) · International Journal of Inclusive Education · doi:10.1080/13603110802047978 · Cited by 37
“Based on a study of mental health of 10,438 children between the ages of 5 and 15 in Britain, Ford, Goodman and Meltzer ( 2003 ) concluded that 9.”
Background
Psychiatric comorbidity in children and adolescents
Arcelus, J., & Vostanis, P. (2005) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000172063.78649.66 · Cited by 37
Pharmacological Treatment of Adolescent Major Depression
Cohen, D., Gérardin, P., Mazet, P., Purper‐Ouakil, D., & Flament, M. F. (2004) · Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1089/104454604773840454 · Cited by 37
“…studies of adolescents have estimated the lifetime prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) to be between 0.4% and 8.3% (Birmaher et al. 1996; Ford et al. 2003; Garrison et al. 1997) and the point prevalence of dysthymic disorder to be be-tween 1.6% and 8% (Garrison et al. 1997; Kashani et…”
Influential
Future directions for child anxiety theory and treatment
Field, A., Cartwright-Hatton, S., Reynolds, S., & Creswell, C. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930701842270 · Cited by 40
“Even the most conservative estimates (Ford, Goodman, & Meltzer, 2003 ) suggest that at least 3% of British children are experiencing a serious anxiety disorder (and associated impairment) at any one time.”
Background
Finnish norms for young children on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Borg, A.-M., Kaukonen, P., Joukamaa, M. I., & Tamminen, T. (2013) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2013.853833 · Cited by 36
A Longitudinal Study of Emotional and Behavioral Problems among Malaysian School Children
Idris, I. B., Barlow, J., & Dolan, A. (2019) · Annals of Global Health · doi:10.5334/aogh.2336 · Cited by 36
Kindergesundheit in der COVID-19-Pandemie: Ergebnisse aus den Schuleingangsuntersuchungen und einer Elternbefragung in der Region Hannover
Bantel, S., Buitkamp, M., & Wünsch, A. (2021) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-021-03446-2 · Cited by 36
Prevalence, Correlates, and Comorbidities of DSM-IV Psychiatric Disorders in Children in Seoul, Korea
Park, S., Kim, B.-N., Cho, S.-C., Kim, J., Shin, M., & Yoo, H. (2014) · Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1010539513475656 · Cited by 36
“Other studies have reported a substantial number of children with impairments who did not readily fit into the current classification systems.(4,12,20) Because previous findings have suggested that subthreshold ADHD(21,22) or depression(23,24) is associated with psychosocial adversity and functional impairment, early…”
Result
Hyperactive-Impulsive Symptom Scores and Oppositional Behaviours Reflect Alternate Manifestations of a Single Liability
Wood, A. C., Rijsdijk, F. V., Asherson, P. J., & Kuntsi, J. (2009) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10519-009-9290-z · Cited by 37
“The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey that used population survey data, found CD in 6.7% of ADHD cases and ODD in 10.1% ( Ford et al. 2003 ).”
Influential
Gender, the gender gap, and their interaction; analysis of relationships with children’s mental health problems
Masfety, V. K., Woodward, M. J., Keyes, K., Bitfoi, A., Carta, M., Koç, C., Lesinskienė, S., Mihova, Z., Otten, R., & Husky, M. (2020) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01950-5 · Cited by 33
Prevalence of DSM‐IV mental disorders, deliberate self‐harm and suicidal ideation in early adolescence: An Irish population‐based study
Coughlan, H., Tiedt, L., Clarke, M. C., Kelleher, I., Tabish, J., Molloy, C., Harley, M., & Cannon, M. D. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.10.004 · Cited by 38
“…within the 11-13 year age range using either DSM-IV or ICD-10 assessment criteria, this study found higher rates of disorder than similarly-aged adolescents in the UK (Ford et al., 2003) and the USA (Costello et al., 2003; Roberts et al., 2009), even when rates of specific phobia were excluded.”
BackgroundMethodResult
Psychometric Properties of the Norwegian Aberrant Behavior Checklist and Diagnostic Relationships in a Neuro-Pediatric Sample
Halvorsen, M. B., Aman, M. G., Mathiassen, B., Brøndbo, P. H., Steinsvik, O. O., & Martinussen, M. (2019) · Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1080/19315864.2019.1630872 · Cited by 35
Are There Stable Factors in Preadolescent Girls’ Externalizing Behaviors?
Loeber, R., Pardini, D. A., Hipwell, A. E., Stouthamer‐Loeber, M., Keenan, K. E., & Sembower, M. A. (2009) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-009-9320-6 · Cited by 37
“However, research has demonstrated that ADHD in girls is mostly manifested through inattention rather than hyperactivity-impulsivity (APA 1994; Faraone et al. 1998; Ford et al. 2003).”
Modular Approach to Therapy for Anxiety, Depression, Trauma, or Conduct Problems in outpatient child and adolescent mental health services in New Zealand: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Lucassen, M. F. G., Stasiak, K., Crengle, S. M., Weisz, J. R., FRAMPTON, C. M. A., Bearman, S. K., Ugueto, A. M., Herren, J. A., Cribb-Su’a, A., Faleafa, M., et al. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0982-9 · Cited by 39
“Other clinical outcomes are measured using: the youthrated Brief Problem Monitor [42], the parent- and youth-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [43], the parent- and youth-rated Top Problems Assessment [44], the youth-rated Child Health Utility [45], the number and type of diagnoses using the Development a…”
Influential
Psychiatric symptoms in adolescents with epilepsy in junior high school in Norway: A population survey
Lossius, M. I., Clench‐Aas, J., Roy, B. V., Mowinckel, P., & Gjerstad, L. (2006) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.06.018 · Cited by 34
Prevalence of emotional and behavioral symptomatology in Spanish adolescents
Sierra, J. O., Fonseca‐Pedrero, E., Paíno, M., & Solana, R. A. (2014) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2014.06.002 · Cited by 34
Prevalence of behavioral problems and related family functioning among middle school students in an eastern city of C hina
Ma, X., Yao, Y., & Zhao, X. (2012) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00211.x · Cited by 34
“5% to 20% in developed countries (Brandenburg et al., 1990; Ford et al., 2003; Barkmann and SchulteMarkwort, 2005), and 10.”
BackgroundInfluential
Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel RDoC-based treatment program for adolescent depression: "Training for Awareness Resilience and Action" (TARA)-A pilot study
Henje Blom, E., Tymofiyeva, O., Chesney, M. A., Ho, T. C., Moran, P., Connolly, C. G., Duncan, L. G., Baldini, L., Weng, H. Y., Acree, M., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00208 · Cited by 33
ADHD and the Dopamine Transporter: Are There Reasons to Pay Attention?
Mazei‐Robison, M. S., & Blakely, R. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-29784-7_17 · Cited by 34
Prevalence and gender patterns of mental health problems in German youth with experience of violence: the KiGGS study
Schlack, R., & Petermann, F. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-628 · Cited by 33
“2% of youth suffer from one or more mental disorders [1,2].”
Background
Heritable influences on behavioural problems from early childhood to mid-adolescence: evidence for genetic stability and innovation
Lewis, G. J., & Plomin, R. J. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715000173 · Cited by 37
“…satisfy diagnostic criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder (Merikangas et al. 2010), with speci ﬁ c behaviour problems such as conduct disorder, hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety/emotional problems all relatively common among adolescents (Ford et al. 2003; Merikangas et al. 2010).”
Prospective associations between adolescent mental health problems and positive mental wellbeing in early old age
Nishida, A., Richards, M., & Stafford, M. (2016) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-016-0099-2 · Cited by 33
“However, teachers can make an important contribution to the identification of adolescent behavioural problems, which is often missed when children or parents report on behaviour [35].”
Background
The potential relevance of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid to the etiopathogenesis of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders
Tesei, A., Crippa, A., Ceccarelli, S. B., Mauri, M., Molteni, M., Agostoni, C. V., & Nobile, M. (2016) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0932-4 · Cited by 33
“* Alessandro Crippa alessandro.crippa@bp.lnf.it 1 Child Psychopathology Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Associazione La Nostra Famiglia, via Don Luigi Monza 20, Bosisio Parini, 23842 Lecco, Italy 2 Department of Psychology, University of Milano, Bicocca, Milan, Italy 3 Department of Paediatrics, Fonda…”
BackgroundInfluential
Parent ratings of school behaviour in children at risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Sayal, K. S., & Taylor, E. (2005) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00487.x · Cited by 34
“Variations in approaches lead to wide differences in prevalence rates of ADHD (24, 25).”
Background
The Eating Disorders Section of the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA): development and validation
Moya, T., Fleitlich‐Bilyk, B., Goodman, R., Nogueira, F. C., Focchi, P. S., Nicoletti, M., Pinzon, V., Córdas, T. A., & Neto, F. L. (2005) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462005000100008 · Cited by 32
Self-citation
Childhood anxiety in rural and urban areas: Presentation, impact and help seeking
Lyneham, H. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2007) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049530701317082 · Cited by 39
Teachers' Recognition and Referral of Anxiety Disorders in Primary School Children.
Headley, C., & Campbell, M. A. (2011) · QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) · Cited by 33
Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms in female schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia
Jenahi, E., Khalil, M. S., & Bella, H. (2012) · Annals of Saudi Medicine · doi:10.5144/0256-4947.2012.462 · Cited by 32
Guided parent-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety: Predictors of treatment response
Thirlwall, K., Cooper, P., & Creswell, C. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.11.003 · Cited by 40
Prevalence of DSM-5 depressive disorders and comorbidity in Spanish early adolescents: Has there been an increase in the last 20 years?
Canals-Sans, J., Hernández-Martínez, C., Sáez-Carles, M., & Arija-Val, V. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.023 · Cited by 30
Predicting developmental changes in internalizing symptoms: Examining the interplay between parenting and neuroendocrine stress reactivity
Kuhlman, K. R., Olson, S. L., & Lopez‐Duran, N. L. (2014) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21166 · Cited by 32
Beyond Symptom Counts for Diagnosing Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder?
Lindhiem, O. J., Bennett, C. B., Hipwell, A. E., & Pardini, D. A. (2015) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0007-x · Cited by 33
“Both disorders increase in prevalence across childhood (Ford, Goodman, and Meltzer 2003; Merikangas et al., 2010), have high levels of functional impairment (Breslau, Miller, Chung, and Schweitzer 2011; Loeber, Burke, and Pardini 2009), and elevated rates of concurrent and consecutive comorbidity…”
Prevalence of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Hassan, A., Agha, S. S., Langley, K., & Thapar, A. (2011) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.110.078741 · Cited by 33
“For example, rates of comorbid depression and ADHD inattentive type appear to be lower in our sample and in a UK community study (Ford et al 27 ) than in US studies (e.g. that by Elia et al .”
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: variation by socioeconomic deprivation
Prasad, V., West, J., Kendrick, D., & Sayal, K. S. (2018) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2017-314470 · Cited by 33
Dimensions and subtypes of oppositionality and their relation to comorbidity and psychosocial characteristics
Wesselhoeft, R. T., Stringaris, A. K., Sibbersen, C., Kristensen, R. V., Bojesen, A. B., & Talati, A. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1199-8 · Cited by 34
Is Social Gender Transition Associated with Mental Health Status in Children and Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria?
Morandini, J. S., Kelly, A., de Graaf, N. M., Malouf, P., Guerin, E., Dar‐Nimrod, I., & Carmichael, P. (2023) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02588-5 · Cited by 32
“The failure to find an age-related increase in anxiety disorders in our study was somewhat surprising, given that increased prevalence of anxiety from childhood to adolescence has been reported in non-gender dysphoric samples (Ford et al., 2003).”
Background
Prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents from a Spanish slum
Ezpeleta, L., Guillamón, N., Granero, R., de la Osa, N., Domenech, J. M., & Moya, I. (2006) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.10.031 · Cited by 32
Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
(2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470041000.cedt060 · Cited by 32
Maternal prenatal infection and anxiety predict neurodevelopmental outcomes in middle childhood
O'Connor, T. G., Ciesla, A. A., Sefair, A. V., Thornburg, L. L., Brown, A. S., Glover, V., & O'Donnell, K. J. (2022) · Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science · doi:10.1037/abn0000746 · Cited by 31
“Symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, depression, and disruptive behavior were derived from the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA; Goodman et al., 2000), a validated psychiatric assessment tool widely used in epidemiological studies (Ford et al., 2003).”
Prevalence and Correlates for Psychosocial Distress Among In-School Adolescents in Zambia
Siziya, S., & Mazaba, M. L. (2015) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2015.00180 · Cited by 31
“Psychosocial distress is a common health problem worldwide with varying rates (1) and it starts during childhood and adolescent (2).”
Background
The prevalence of psychopathology in offspring of bipolar women from a Brazilian tertiary center
Petresco, S., Gutt, E. K., Krelling, R., Neto, F. L., Rohde, L. A., & Moreno, R. A. (2009) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462009000300009 · Cited by 31
Teachers’ recognition of anxiety and somatic symptoms in their pupils
Neil, L., & SMITH, M. A. (2017) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22055 · Cited by 39
Psychometric Properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in Children Aged 5–12 Years Across Seven European Countries
Husky, M. M., Otten, R., Boyd, A. C., Pez, O., Bitfoi, A., Carta, M. G., Goelitz, D., Koç, C., Lesinskienė, S., Mihova, Z., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000489 · Cited by 37
Adolescent inpatient psychiatric admission rates and subsequent one‐year mortality in England: 1998–2004
James, A. C., Clacey, J., Seagroatt, V. A., & Goldacre, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02293.x · Cited by 33

Authors: FORD, T., GOODMAN, R., & MELTZER, H.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
Office for National Statistics (GB)
ORCID: FORD, TAMSIN
GOODMAN, ROBERT
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-10
Volume: 42
Issue: 10
Pages: 1203-1211
ISSN: 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200310000-00011
OpenAlex: W2057670386
Cited by: 1,227
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 102 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 103
FWCI: 32.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Keywords: child and adolescent mental health, DSM-IV disorders, prevalence, comorbidities, conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, oppositional defiant disorder, teacher reports, Development and Well-Being Assessment, school functioning
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, United Kingdom, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Social Behavior, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorders

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks