Cited by 1,227Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentMental Health Treatment and AccessAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

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The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorders

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FORD, TAMSIN, GOODMAN, ROBERT, MELTZER, HOWARD·2003·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1097/00004583-200310000-00011

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Abstract

Objective To describe the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders and comorbidity in a large population-based sample of British children and adolescents.Method Using a one-phase design, 10,438 children were assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA), a structured interview with verbatim reports reviewed by clinicians so that information from parents, teachers, and children was combined in a manner that emulated the clinical process. The authors' analysis examined comorbidity and the influence of teacher reports.Results The overall prevalence of DSM-IV disorders was 9.5% (95% confidence interval 8.8-10.1%), but 2.1% of children were assigned "not otherwise specified" rather than operationalized diagnoses. After adjusting for the presence of a third disorder, there was no longer significant comorbidity between anxiety and conduct disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or between depression and oppositional defiant disorder. A comparison of the disorders in children with and without teacher reports suggested that the prevalence of conduct disorders and ADHD would be underestimated in the absence of teacher information.Conclusions Roughly 1 in 10 children have at least one DSM-IV disorder, involving a level of distress or social impairment likely to warrant treatment. Comorbidity reported between some childhood diagnoses may be due to the association of both disorders with a third. Diagnoses of conduct disorder and ADHD may be missed if information is not sought from teachers about children's functioning in school.

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The predictors of persistent DSM-IV disorders in 3-year follow-ups of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys 1999 and 2004
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“These diagnoses have been shown to have good reliability and validity (52, 53), including in predicting future service use or other adverse outcomes (47, 48).”
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BackgroundSelf-citation
The ability of CBCL DSM-oriented scales to predict DSM-IV diagnoses in a referred sample of children and adolescents
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“2012) as well as earlier (Costello et al. 2003; Ford et al. 2003) prevalence studies of depressive disorder are in favour of our null hypothesis that the two genders show identical age-specific pre-pubertal rates.”
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“In community samples, 20% of thosewith an impairing psychiatric disorder havemore than one disorder; comorbidity among those attending CAMHS is even higher (Ford et al. 2003, 2007).”
Background
Epidemiology of Psychiatric Disorders in Iranian Children and Adolescents (IRCAP) and Its Relationship with Social Capital, Life Style and Parents' Personality Disorders: Study Protocol.
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BackgroundInfluential
Psychosocial Stress and Brain Function in Adolescent Psychopathology
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ABC for Parents: Pilot Study of a Universal 4-Session Program Shows Increased Parenting Skills, Self-efficacy and Child Well-Being
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Result
Indirect Comorbidity in Childhood and Adolescence
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Background
Trajectories of depressive symptoms and adult educational and employment outcomes
López-López, J. A., Kwong, A. S. F., Washbrook, E., Pearson, R. M., Tilling, K. M., Fazel, M. S., Kidger, J., & Hammerton, G. (2019) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2019.90 · Cited by 45
Reliability of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire among Finnish 4–9-year-old children
Borg, A.-M., Kaukonen, P., Salmelin, R. K., Joukamaa, M. I., & Tamminen, T. (2012) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2012.660706 · Cited by 43

Authors: FORD, T., GOODMAN, R., & MELTZER, H.
Affiliations: King's College London (GB)
Office for National Statistics (GB)
ORCID: FORD, TAMSIN
GOODMAN, ROBERT
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2003-10
Volume: 42
Issue: 10
Pages: 1203-1211
ISSN: 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200310000-00011
OpenAlex: W2057670386
Cited by: 1,227
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 102 · 2013: 84 · 2012: 103
FWCI: 32.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Wellcome Trust
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Keywords: child and adolescent mental health, DSM-IV disorders, prevalence, comorbidities, conduct disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, oppositional defiant disorder, teacher reports, Development and Well-Being Assessment, school functioning
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, United Kingdom, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Social Behavior, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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The British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey 1999: The Prevalence of DSM-IV Disorders

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