Needle sharing in opioid-dependent outpatients: psychological processes underlying risk
Abstract
Needle sharing contributes to the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus and other health concerns and remains a persistent problem among injection drug users. We determined whether needle sharing may be related to the discounting of the value of delayed outcomes. Outpatients in treatment for heroin dependence indicated preference for immediate versus delayed hypothetical monetary and heroin outcomes in a titration procedure that determined indifference points at various delays. The degree to which the delayed outcomes lost value was estimated with a nonlinear decay model. Participants who agreed to share a needle in a scenario (N=15) discounted delayed money more steeply than did the nonsharing group (N=17). Both groups discounted delayed heroin more steeply than delayed money. Persistent needle sharing may be related to the relative inability of delayed outcomes to impact current behavior. Training to mitigate the effect of delay on outcome value may offer reductions in needle sharing and drug abuse.
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Heroin users who share needles discount at even higher rates than those who do not.
“heroin users who share needles discount at even higher rates than those that do not (Odum et al., 2000).”
From Excessive discounting of delayed reinforcers as a trans-disease process contributing to addiction and other disease-related vulnerabilities: Emerging evidence (2012) · cites this paper as Odum et al., 2000
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- Authors
- Odum, A. L., Madden, G. J., Badger, G. J., & Bickel, W. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- Corresponding author
- Odum, Amy L
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 259-266
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043529882
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01da006969-10)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32-DA-07242, R01 DA11692, R01 DA06969, R01DA011692, T32DA007242)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- needle sharing, heroin addiction, delay discounting, time preference, people who inject drugs, HIV transmission
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ambulatory Care, Female, Heroin Dependence, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Male, Personality Inventory, Risk-Taking, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Prevalence, Needle Sharing, Treatment Outcome
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