Randomized Clinical Trials of Weight Loss Maintenance: A Review
Open accessAbstract
The problem of overweight and obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States and globally, and the high prevalence is due in part to the recidivism associated with weight loss treatment. Approximately one-third of lost weight is often regained in the first year after treatment and, at times, continues. Because a plethora of comorbid diseases are associated with obesity, in particular, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, clinicians and researchers have attempted to find useful strategies for maintaining weight loss. This review presents the findings from 42 randomized clinical trials of weight loss maintenance from 1984 through 2007 using interventions that include (1) the Internet, (2) strategies after a very low calorie diet, (3) pharmacotherapy, (4) behavioral strategies, (5) physical activity, and (6) alternative strategies. The results of the reviewed trials revealed that treatment with orlistat or sibutramine combined with dietary modification, caffeine or protein supplementation, consuming a diet lower in fat, adherence to physical activity routines, prolonged contact with participants, problem-solving therapy, and the alternative treatment of acupressure were efficacious in reducing weight regain after weight loss treatment. The limitations of some studies may reduce the robustness of their findings, and future studies are necessary to replicate and support these results so that individuals are able to maintain weight loss and retain the health benefits associated with a lower weight.
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Long-term maintenance of lifestyle modifications has proven challenging, evidenced by high recidivism rates.
“long term maintenance of lifestyle modifications has proven challenging, evidenced by disappointingly high recidivism rates (Turk et al., 2009).”
From Lipid-Induced Mitochondrial Stress and Insulin Action in Muscle (2012) · cites this paper as Turk et al., 2009
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- [35]Wadden TA Osei S Wadden TA Stunkard AJ The treatment of obesity: An overview Handbook of obesity treatment New York Guilford Press 2002
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- Authors
- Turk, M. W., Yang, K., Hravnak, M., Sereika, S. M., Ewing, L. J., & Burke, L. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 58-80
- ISSN
- 0889-4655 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2676575
- OpenAlex
- W1964960690
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 123
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Nursing Research (F31NR009750)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (5R01 DK 58631, R01DK058631)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Keywords
- weight loss maintenance, obesity, weight regain, very low calorie diet, orlistat, sibutramine, dietary change, caffeine supplementation, protein supplementation, low-fat diet, physical activity, behavioral interventions, problem-solving therapy, acupressure, online intervention, obesity-related comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Behavior Therapy, Combined Modality Therapy, Diet, Reducing, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Obesity, Patient Education as Topic, Psychotherapy, Group, Recurrence, Research Design, Weight Loss, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Diet, Fat-Restricted, Anti-Obesity Agents, Internet, Nurse's Role, Caloric Restriction
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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