Time-of-day of energy intake: association with hypertension and blood pressure 10 years later in the 1946 British Birth Cohort
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The role of circadian rhythm of energy and macronutrient intake in influencing cardiometabolic risk factors is increasingly recognized. However, little is known of the association between time of energy intake and blood pressure. We examined the association between time-of-day of energy intake and subsequent hypertension and change in blood pressure. METHODS: The analysis included 517 men and 635 women from the 1946 British birth cohort. Diet was assessed using 5-day estimated diaries. Diaries were divided into seven meal slots: breakfast, mid-morning, lunch, mid-afternoon, dinner, late evening and extras. Time-of-day of energy intake at age 43 years was related to hypertension prevalence at 43 years and incidence at age 53 years and 10-year changes in SBP and DBP using logistic regression and censored regression controlling for medication use. RESULTS: Cohort members in the highest quintile of energy intake at breakfast at age 43 years had 30% lower odds of hypertension prevalence compared with those in the lowest. Cohort members in the highest quintile of energy intake at late evening had higher odds of incident hypertension at age 53 years [odds ratio = 1.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-2.61; P for linear trend = 0.052]. Compared to the lowest quintile, the highest quintile of energy intake late in the evening was related to a greater rise in SBP (β = 5.09; 95% CI 1.25-8.93) and DBP (43-53 years) (β = 2.08; 95%CI 0.27-5.32). CONCLUSION: Higher energy intake at breakfast is associated with lower hypertension prevalence. Greater energy intake late in the evening is associated with higher hypertension prevalence, incidence and greater increases in blood pressure.
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Preliminary evidence suggests that the timing of energy and/or macronutrient intake during the day is associated with cardiometabolic risk.
“This may be an important area of research in light of preliminary evidence suggesting that the timing of energy and/or macronutrient intake during the day is associated with cardiometabolic risk( 27 , 28 , 99 , 100 ).”
From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [99]
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Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality
Leech, R. M., Worsley, A., Timperio, A., & McNaughton, S. A. (2015) · Nutrition Research Reviews · doi:10.1017/s0954422414000262 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
- Authors
- Almoosawi, S., Prynne, C. J., Hardy, R., & Stephen, A. M.
- Affiliations
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (GB)
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Almoosawi, Suzana
- Venue
- Journal of Hypertension
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 882-892
- ISSN
- 0263-6352 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020535421
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 2.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Sodium Intake and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, meal timing, breakfast, hypertension prevalence, hypertension incidence, blood pressure changes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, 1946 British birth cohort, dietary intake
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Energy Intake, England, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Chronotherapy
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