The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice
Open accessAbstract
The redefinition of neuropathic pain as “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system,” which was suggested by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Special Interest Group on Neuropathic Pain (NeuPSIG) in 2008, has been widely accepted. In contrast, the proposed grading system of possible, probable, and definite neuropathic pain from 2008 has been used to a lesser extent. Here, we report a citation analysis of the original NeuPSIG grading paper of 2008, followed by an analysis of its use by an expert panel and recommendations for an improved grading system. As of February, 2015, 608 eligible articles in Scopus cited the paper, 414 of which cited the neuropathic pain definition. Of 220 clinical studies citing the paper, 56 had used the grading system. The percentage using the grading system increased from 5% in 2009 to 30% in 2014. Obstacles to a wider use of the grading system were identified, including (1) questions about the relative significance of confirmatory tests, (2) the role of screening tools, and (3) uncertainties about what is considered a neuroanatomically plausible pain distribution. Here, we present a revised grading system with an adjusted order, better reflecting clinical practice, improvements in the specifications, and a word of caution that even the “definite” level of neuropathic pain does not always indicate causality. In addition, we add a table illustrating the area of pain and sensory abnormalities in common neuropathic pain conditions and propose areas for further research.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“To indicate probable neuropathic pain, pain must also be associated with sensory abnormalities (i.e., clinical signs such as allodynia and/or hyperalgesia) in the same neuroanatomical plausible distribution (Finnerup et al. 2016; Schmid et al. 2023).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Lastly, to establish definite neuropathic pain, additional objective confirmation of a lesion or disease in the somatosensory nervous system that may explain the pain is required (Finnerup et al. 2016; Schmid et al. 2023).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To indicate possible neuropathic pain, patients must meet two criteria. First, the medical history should prompt a possible explanation for neuropathic pain, and patients should present with clinical symptoms. Second, the experienced pain distribution must be neuroanatomically plausible (i.e., the experienced pain is likely to correspond to the patient's neurological damage) (Finnerup et al. 2016;”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG) has developed a grading system for the identification of neuropathic pain (Finnerup et al. 2016; Schmid et al. 2023)”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Importantly, a possible diagnosis cannot replace the probable and definite certainty provided by NeuPSIG in clinical practice (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Importantly, the algorithms used across diagnostic certainty levels do not yield a definitive diagnosis of neuropathic pain (i.e., not to be confused with definite neuropathic pain). Instead, the grading system evaluate the probability that the experienced pain is caused by neurological damage, with increasing certainty as more criteria are met (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Given these considerations and in line with existing guidelines, the establishment of a probable diagnosis of neuropathic pain may be adequate for prompting analgesic treatments in pwMS, provided that the patient has a valid diagnosis of MS (Finnerup et al. 2016; Treede et al. 2019).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Hence, achieving definite diagnostic certainty does not constitute absolute proof of central neuropathic pain but should rather be interpreted as a strong indication within the context of best clinical practice (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain
Woolf, C. J. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.09.030 · Cited by 4,771 · cited 1×
“Because of central sensitization phenomena, the areas of allodynia and hyperalgesia may extend beyond the innervation territory.(35) Table 1”
BackgroundPharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Finnerup, N. B., Attal, N., Haroutounian, S., McNicol, E., Baron, R., Dworkin, R. H., Gilron, I., Haanpää, M., Hansson, P., Jensen, T. S., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70251-0 · Cited by 3,980
Self-citationBouhassira, D., Attal, N., Alchaar, H., Boureau, F., Brochet, B., Bruxelle, J., Cunin, G., Fermanian, J., Giniès, P., Grun-Overdyking, A., et al. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2004.12.010 · Cited by 2,834
Self-citationA classification of chronic pain for ICD-11
Treede, R.-D., Rief, W., Barke, A., Aziz, Q., Bennett, M. I., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M., Evers, S., Finnerup, N. B., First, M. B., et al. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000160 · Cited by 2,822
Self-citationTreede (2008) · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000282763.29778.59 · Cited by 2,746
Self-citationFreynhagen, R., Baron, R., Gockel, U., & Tölle, T. R. (2006) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079906x132488 · Cited by 2,280
Self-citationA new definition of neuropathic pain
Jensen, T., Baron, R., Haanpää, M., Kalso, E., Loeser, J., Rice, A., & Treede, R. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.06.017 · Cited by 1,343
Self-citationThe LANSS Pain Scale: the Leeds assessment of neuropathic symptoms and signs
Bennett, M. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(00)00482-6 · Cited by 1,165
NeuPSIG guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment
Haanpää, M., Attal, N., Backonja, M., Baron, R., Bennett, M., Bouhassira, D., Cruccu, G., Hansson, P., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Iannetti, G. D., et al. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.07.031 · Cited by 1,060
Self-citationMaier, C., Baron, R., Tölle, T. R., Binder, A., Birbaumer, N., Birklein, F., Gierthmühlen, J., Flor, H., Geber, C., Huge, V., et al. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.05.002 · Cited by 1,021
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–999 of 999
Pérez, J. J. M., Vega-Rosas, A., Pérez, M. E. M., et al. (2021) · Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor · doi:10.20986/resed.2021.3822/2020 · Cited by 2
Bhatia, A., Bril, V., Brull, R., Perruccio, A. V., Wijeysundera, D. N., Lau, J., Gandhi, R. A., Mahomed, N. N., & Davis, A. M. (2021) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000945 · Cited by 2
Drat-Gzubicka, J., Pyszora, A., Budzyński, J., et al. (2021) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics11081377 · Cited by 2
“Nevertheless, in practice, neuropathic pain is diagnosed mainly based on medical history and physical examination [18].”
BackgroundManagement issues in neuropathic pain
Ventzel, L., & Finnerup, N. B. (2021) · doi:10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0048 · Cited by 2
Self-citationThe occurrence of neuropathic pain following surgery of brainstem cavernous malformations
Herten, A., Saban, D. V., Santos, A. N., Chen, B., Oppong, M. D., Rauschenbach, L., Jabbarli, R., Wrede, K. H., Bingel, U., Müller, D., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15179 · Cited by 2
“Since NP arises as a direct result of damage to or lesion of the somatosensory system [22,23], its manifestation seems quite probable in the course of a bleeding or surgery of a BSCM.”
BackgroundBille, M. B., & Ballegaard, M. (2022) · BMJ Neurology Open · doi:10.1136/bmjno-2021-000227 · Cited by 2
Shkodra, M., Mulvey, M. R., Fallon, M., Brunelli, C., Zecca, E., Bracchi, P., Caputo, M., Massa, G., Dico, S. L., Rolke, R., et al. (2024) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001140 · Cited by 2
“14 These approaches have not been widely used in assessing cancer pain, especially because of limitations such as uncertainties on the relative significance of confirmatory tests, especially sensory signs assessment.”
BackgroundSigns of hyperpathia in chronic peripheral neuropathic pain
Carmland, M. E., Kreutzfeldt, M. D., Brask‐Thomsen, P. K., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.4739 · Cited by 2
“In brief, patients with probable or definite peripheral neuropathic pain (Finnerup et al., 2016) for at least 3 months and a mean pain intensity of 4–9 on a 0–10 point numeric rating scale (NRS) were included.”
Self-citationEvaluation of pain in pediatric upper extremity conditions
Ho, E. S., Campos, A. A., Klar, K., & Davidge, K. M. (2018) · Journal of Hand Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jht.2018.02.004 · Cited by 2
Changes of Somatosensory Phenotype in the Course of Disease in Osteoarthritis Patients
Höper, J., Schraml, L., Gierthmühlen, J., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093085 · Cited by 2
“Neuropathic pain is usually defined as pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system [6].”
BackgroundSelf-citationSchmerzen bei multipler Sklerose und Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen
Pellkofer, H., & Kümpfel, T. (2021) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-021-00554-5 · Cited by 2
de Andrade, D. C. (2019) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000800 · Cited by 2
Jungersen, R. C., Baccaro, V. K., Hvid, L. G., Dalgas, U., & Hoegh, M. (2026) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70375 · Cited by 1
“Importantly, a possible diagnosis cannot replace the probable and definite certainty provided by NeuPSIG in clinical practice (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
InfluentialSchmid, A. B., Fundaun, J., & Tampin, B. (2021) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-021-00584-z · Cited by 5
Principes du dépistage et du diagnostic d’une douleur neuropathique en cancérologie
Guastella, V., Poulain, P., & Mick, G. (2019) · Douleur et Analgésie · doi:10.3166/dea-2019-0045 · Cited by 1
Schmerztherapie bei Sichelzellkrankheit
Rasche, T., Emmert, D., Seidel, H., Sellin, J., Conrad, R., & Mücke, M. (2020) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-020-00465-x · Cited by 1
Pain Quality After Pediatric Pectus Excavatum Repair
Manworren, R. C. B., Franco, M. V. D., Mishra, T., et al. (2022) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2022.06.005 · Cited by 1
Pathophysiology of Neuropathic Pain
Themistocleous, A. C., & Bačkonja, M. (2023) · Contemporary diabetes · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15613-7_23 · Cited by 1
Diagnosis of neuropathic pain in polyneuropathy: should screening questionnaires be thrown out?
Attal, N., & Bouhassira, D. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002907 · Cited by 1
Self-citationSzewczyk, A. K., Jamróz-Wiśniewska, A., Gonet, K. E., & Rejdak, K. (2024) · Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska · doi:10.5603/pjnns.96769 · Cited by 1
Virtual screening of the biological activity of fatty acid amides
Доронькина, А. С., Rudak, А. А., Zhavoronok, I. P., & Bogdan, V. G. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Medical series · doi:10.29235/1814-6023-2024-21-1-16-25 · Cited by 1
Yun, Y.-J., & Kim, G.-W. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000037139 · Cited by 1
“[10,38,39] In other way, when stimulating DLPFC area, it occurs pain perception and regulation, with connections to other pain inhibitory regions such as anterior cingulate cortex and periaqueductal gray.”
BackgroundDiabetic neuropathy: Current issues in diagnosis and prevention
Spallone, V. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88426-6.00016-6 · Cited by 1
Gutiérrez-Mendoza, I., Zertuche, D. E. G., López-Almejo, L., et al. (2024) · Orthotips AMOT · doi:10.35366/115658 · Cited by 1
Lhermitte’s SignA Neuropathic Pain and Its Neuroanatomy
Ting, H. P., Zakaria, Z., Fitzrol, D. N., et al. (2024) · Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.21315/mjms2024.31.5.21 · Cited by 1
“The pain is deemed possible if the patient’s history suggests a neurological lesion with neuroanatomically plausible pain distribution (16); probable if such pain distribution is confirmed from clinical examination (16); and definite if it is positively diagnosed in a test (16).”
Backgroundvan Driel, M. E. C., van Veenendaal, N., Vernooij, L. M., Eijkelkamp, N., Koenderman, L., Timmerman, L., Custers, R. J. H., Delawi, D., Huygen, F. J. P. M., & Rijsdijk, M. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094249 · Cited by 2
“…condition of the lower extremities according to the updated grading system for neuropathic pain in research and clinical practice by Finnerup et al 6 Recruitment and informed consent After the indication for elective lower extremity orthopaedic surgery, eligible patients receive written study…”
Chiavaccini, L., Santoro, D., Dwyer, C. E., et al. (2025) · Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia · doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2025.01.004 · Cited by 1
Lin, K., Wang, X., Gu, T., Feng, K., Wang, Z., & Liu, Y. (2025) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s485853 · Cited by 1
“13,17 The impact of pDPN on patients’ quality of life, emotional well-being, and functional status necessitates a deeper understanding of the underlying pathophysiology.”
Wang, S., Ren, S., Lv, S., Liu, Y., Xing, K.-K., Zhang, T., Jin, X., & Shi, J. (2025) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.70045 · Cited by 1
Patient phenotyping for molecular profiling of neck and low back pain – Study protocol
Curatolo, M., Payne, C., Chiu, A. P., Tran, N. T., Yap, N., Hofstetter, C. P., Lesnak, J. B., Arendt-Tranholm, A., Price, T. J., Jarvik, J. G., et al. (2025) · Neurobiology of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ynpai.2025.100186 · Cited by 1
“(Haanpaa et al., 2011; Edwards et al., 2016; Finnerup et al., 2016; Truini et al., 2023).”
EphB receptors modulate neuropathic pain via Ca 2+ /calpain/autophagy in spinal cord of mice
Zhang, T., Sun, K., Huan, X., et al. (2025) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2025.2508861 · Cited by 1
Buprenorphine-Naloxone for Chronic Cancer-Related Pain in a Palliative Care Clinic
Tarumi, Y., Baracos, V. E., Lowe, S. S., Ademola, A., Chabassol, A., Wildeman, T., Sellick, M., Dutka, J., Ha, V., & Watanabe, S. (2025) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2025.07.006 · Cited by 1
Frisaldi, E. (2025) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29884-4.00013-3 · Cited by 1
A Chinese Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuropathic Pain
Cheng, Z., Lü, Y., Liu, X., Xia, L., Dong, H., Song, T., Liang, L., Zhang, Y., Liu, T., Lin, W., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.11648/j.ijpr.20250104.12 · Cited by 1
Akar, Z. A., Karakoç, M., Sarıyıldız, M. A., Batmaz, Ö. U., & Çevik, R. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61112047 · Cited by 1
“According to the Spinal Cord Injury Pain Task Force of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), pain in SCI patients is broadly classified into two main categories: nociceptive and neuropathic pain [7].”
Nationwide Survey of Atopic Myelitis and Plexin D1 ‐Immunoglobulin G‐Related Pain
Kira, J., Zhang, X., Fujii, T., et al. (2025) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.70232 · Cited by 1
Somatosensory Abnormalities, Dysesthesia and Central Neuropathic Pain in Youth With Cerebral Palsy
Vinkel, M. N., Rackauskaite, G., Thorup, M. B., Truini, A., Østergaard, J. R., Tankişi, H., & Finnerup, N. B. (2025) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70188 · Cited by 1
“…factors, alleviating factors, DN4 characteristics, sensory mapping, QST, evoked potentials, MRI, previous events associated with peripheral neuropathy (e.g., surgery) and grading of neuropathic pain according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
InfluentialSelf-citationRíos‐León, M., Labarga, B. H., Castillo-Aguilar, I., et al. (2025) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnaf174 · Cited by 1
Dermal fibroblast mitochondrial profiles in painful diabetic neuropathy
Bentzen, J. M. M., Brask‐Thomsen, P. K., Krogsbaek, M., Hu, X., Nyengaard, J. R., Gylfadottir, S. S., Karlsson, P., Finnerup, N. B., Olsen, R. K. J., & Nochi, Z. (2026) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-025-06660-8 · Cited by 2
“It is present in a wide range of diseases, including diabetic-and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, peripheral nerve injury and radiculopathy [2–4].”
Self-citationWu, X., Xu, M., Sun, W., Lin, X., Xue, B., Ju, F., Han, T., Liu, X., Zhao, C., Sun, X., et al. (2026) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/prm/4002703 · Cited by 1
Zhang, Y., Li, Z., Ma, T., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2025.1702779 · Cited by 1
Cellular and molecular basis of neuropathic pain
Chang, P.-S., Schmid, A. B., & Denk, F. (2026) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2025-006044 · Cited by 1
“2 Indeed, neuropathic pain is far from easy to conclusively diagnose: current grading 5 and assessment 6 criteria, developed mostly in the context of systemic diabetic and/ or small fibre neuropathy, require detailed clinical assessments, including sensory signs that indicate nerve damage in a…”
Schaldemose, E. L., Rafn, B. S., Bidstrup, P. E., Olloni, A., Schättiger, K., Christensen, P., Myrhøj, C. B., Lindberg, M. J., Johansen, C., Jensen, S. O. B., et al. (2026) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.2340/ao.v65.45347 · Cited by 1
“However, several (IASP) have published a diagnosis and grading system from ‘possible’ to ‘definite’ neuropathic pain [8].”
Amitriptyline for neuropathic pain in patients with leprosy: a bicenter randomized controlled trial
Pentiado, J. A. M., Kubota, G. T., Moreira, L. I., Fernandes, A. M., da Silva, V. A., Stump, P., do Nascimento, D. C., Marciano, L. H. S. C., Cleto, N. G., Barreto, J. A., et al. (2026) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000004005 · Cited by 1
Multimodal investigation of neuropathic pain mechanisms in focal spinal lesions
Scheuren, P. S., Dávid, G., Kramer, J. L. K., et al. (2026) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2025-0065 · Cited by 1
“The presence of neuropathic pain was evaluated with the grading system for neuropathic pain according to International Association for the Study of Pain Special Interest Group on Neuropathic Pain [17].”
Themistocleous, A. C., Baskozos, G., Bennett, D., & Serra, J. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0349407 · Cited by 1
Self-citationMartins, T., Rei, N., & Machado-Carvalho, L. (2026) · Nutraceuticals · doi:10.3390/nutraceuticals6030050 · Cited by 1
Objective Evidence in Neuropathic Pain Classification
Truini, A. (2026) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.70421 · Cited by 1
“) offer a provocative and welcome re-appraisal of the NeuPSIG grading system (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
Orofacial pain: A new approach to temporomandibular disorders
Chile, U. A. B., & Oyarzo, J. F. (2016) · Journal Of Oral Research · doi:10.17126/joralres.2016.040 · Cited by 1
“Symptom vs sensory profiling”—taking one step after the other
Geber, C., & Birklein, F. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000699 · Cited by 1
Pain: A patient with painful diabetic neuropathy and post herpetic neuralgia: A review report
Haque, M. M. M. (2017) · Insights in Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.35841/nutrition-metabolism.1000104
Behandlungsalgorithmus beim neuropathischen Schmerzsyndrom
Wille, C. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-58094-3_3 · Cited by 1
Through the Glass Bubble: Chronic Pain and the Doctor–Patient Relationship as Perceived by Patients
Sonenberg, N., Davidson, E. M., & Jacoby, R. (2020) · Illness Crisis & Loss · doi:10.1177/1054137320910871 · Cited by 1
The role of pregabalin in neuropathic pain management in cancer patients
Jakubów, P., Kościuczuk, U., Kosel, J., Soroko, P., Kondracka, J., & Tałałaj, M. (2020) · Palliative Medicine in Practice · doi:10.5603/pmpi.2020.0020 · Cited by 1
“The clinical examination of sensory changes includes the assessment of touch sensation, the sense of vibration, prickling sensation, temperature sensitivity, using a swab, ampoule with cold and warm fluid or tuning fork in order to determine the extent of nervous system damage [26].”
Analysis of Crucial Genes and Pathways Associated with Spared Nerve Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain
Mao, D., Huang, Z., Zhao, G., Mi, J., & Rui, Y. (2020) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2020/8822001 · Cited by 1
Effect of xylopic acid on alloxan-induced diabetic neuropathy in rats
Ameyaw, E. O., Obese, E., Asante, D.-B., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20211011 · Cited by 1
“Neuropathic pain has been redefined by the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG) to relate to “pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system”.(6) Neuropathic pain is more common than normal, with population-based reports estimate that 7-10% of adults are affected.”
BackgroundNatale, M. R., Degirolamo, C., Perversi, F., & Varrassi, G. (2021) · Drugs in Context · doi:10.7573/dic.2021-6-4 · Cited by 1
Machida, T., Katayama, H., Yoshida, O., et al. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.20456 · Cited by 1
Dolor neuropático: método de evaluación clínica y rehabilitación sensitiva
Bouchard, S., Quintal, I., Barquet, O., Moutet, F., Melo, S. D. A., Spicher, C. J., & Annoni, J. (2022) · EMC - Kinesiterapia - Medicina Física · doi:10.1016/s1293-2965(21)45977-3 · Cited by 2
Morschett, A., Nägel, S., Sturm, D., & Enax‐Krumova, E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-56784-5_8 · Cited by 1
NEUROPATHIC PAIN AS A CHALLENGING CLINICAL ENTITY IN OLDER ADULTS
Benlidayı, İ. C. (2022) · Anti-Aging Eastern Europe · doi:10.56543/aaeeu.2022.1.1.09 · Cited by 1
“The following criteria lead us to name any pain as definite, probable or possible neuropathic pain: i) The history of the patient indicates a relevant lesion/disease of the peripheral/central somatosensory system, ii) pain is inside a neuroanatomically plausible area, iii) ≥ 1 pathological sensory finding in the neuro…”
MethodClinical Reasoning: Two Patients Presenting with Neuropathic Pain in Lower limbs
Kim, S. W., & Choi, K. (2022) · Journal of the Korean Neurological Association · doi:10.17340/jkna.2022.3.14 · Cited by 1
Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Hydrodissection for Pain Management: From Anatomy to Techniques
Lam, K. H. S., Wu, Y., & Reeves, K. D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98256-0_15 · Cited by 1
Attal, N., & Bouhassira, D. (2023) · doi:10.1093/med/9780197616345.003.0001 · Cited by 1
Self-citationThe Genomics of Diabetic Neuropathy
Veluchamy, A., Smith, B. H., & Bennett, D. (2023) · Contemporary diabetes · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15613-7_14 · Cited by 1
Self-citationDiagnosis and conservative management of sural neuropathy: a case report.
Abbas, A., Assimakopoulos, D., & Mailis, A. (2023) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1
The analgesic effects of dezocine in rats with chronic constriction injuries
Fu, B., Jiang, J., & Huang, Y. (2023) · EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS · doi:10.1538/expanim.23-0036 · Cited by 1
“…is caused by diseases or dysfunction of nervous system and may cause negative emotions and sleep disorders in patients. it has a considerable negative impact on patients’ quality of life [1, 2]. nP affects 7.0–10.0% of global population, and its prevalence rate in Canada is as high as 17.9% [3, 4].”
BackgroundInfluentialA DOR DO PONTO DE VISTA CLÍNICO
Boscato, N., & Torino, G. G. (2023) · Dissertatio · doi:10.15210/dissertatio.vi.24896 · Cited by 1
Callan, F., Keating, L., Casserley-Feeney, S. N., et al. (2023) · HRB Open Research · doi:10.12688/hrbopenres.13769.1 · Cited by 1
Витальевич, К. С., Litvinenko, I., Tsygan, N. V., et al. (2023) · Russian Military Medical Academy Reports · doi:10.17816/rmmar611148 · Cited by 1
Canlı, K., Oijen, J. V., Oosterwijck, J. V., Meeus, M., Oosterwijck, S. V., & Meulemeester, K. D. (2023) · PM&R · doi:10.1002/pmrj.13126 · Cited by 1
“29 According to the revised NP 29 : possible PNP was determined if the patient ’ s history, pain distribution area, and validated screening tools suggest the existence of the PNP; probable PNP was determined if sensory abnormalities in the painful have the same neuroanatomically plausible…”
Mistry, J., Walton, D. M., Noblet, T., Bowling, B., Heneghan, N. R., & Rushton, A. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078392 · Cited by 1
Tan, H. L., Yakkaphan, P., Beke, A., & Renton, T. F. (2024) · Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache · doi:10.22514/jofph.2024.009 · Cited by 1
“Finnerup et al. [3] have further summarized and revised the grading system of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Special Interest Group on Neuropathic Pain (NeuPSIG) [4] on the level of certainty in diagnosing possible, probable and definite neuropathic pain.”
RetractedFactors Associated with Neuropathic Pain in Cancer Patients Admitted to a Palliative Care Unit
Chelles, P. A., de Oliveira, L. C., Couto, L. D. S., et al. (2024) · Revista Brasileira de Cancerologia · doi:10.32635/2176-9745.rbc.2024v70n2.4603 · Cited by 1
“…neuropathic pain according to neurological injury history and plausible neuroanatomically pain distribution, if the pain is associated with sensory signals in the innervation territory of the nervous structure and diagnostic confirmation of injury or disease that explains neuropathic pain 13 .”
BackgroundKoechlin, H., Locher, C., Barke, A., & Korwisi, B. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003380 · Cited by 1
dos Santos, B. C., Reis, A. K. G., Nucci, R. A. B., Campos, A. C. P., Martins, D. O., Daldegan‐Bueno, D., & Pagano, R. L. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity Integrative · doi:10.1016/j.bbii.2024.100087 · Cited by 1
Gracia, C., Cuñat, T., Ribeiro, E., et al. (2024) · Interventional Pain Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.inpm.2024.100448 · Cited by 1
“Chronic postsurgical pain is defined as pain that emerges or worsens following surgical intervention and continues even after the typical healing period, persisting for more than three months post-surgery [1 – 3].”
(2000) · Time to knit · doi:10.1016/s1283-0887(21)44930-3 · Cited by 1
(2000) · Time to knit · doi:10.1016/s1877-7864(20)41591-5 · Cited by 1
Callan, F., Keating, L., Casserley-Feeney, S. N., et al. (2025) · HRB Open Research · doi:10.12688/hrbopenres.13769.2 · Cited by 1
“…for nociplastic pain involves a step-wise approach to differentiate between predominant nocic-eptive, neuropathic or nociplastic pain 25 , which, in conjunction with the NeuPSIG guidelines on neuropathic assessment 26 will be used to categorise participants’ dominant pain phenotype (Figure 1).”
Ibrahim, W. (2018) · The Journal of Community and Supportive Oncology · doi:10.12788/jcso.0436 · Cited by 1
Manganotti, P., & Tamburin, S. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99822-0_1 · Cited by 1
Salivary alpha-amylase and tooth pulp evoked potentials in paroxysmal trigeminal neuralgia patients
Vuković, B., Lazić, Z., Nikolić, Ž., Kolar, J., Avramov, S., & Cenic-Milosevic, D. (2019) · Vojnosanitetski pregled · doi:10.2298/vsp190121053v · Cited by 1
The Disease-Based Treatment of Pain
So, A., & Gritsenko, K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-12281-2_1 · Cited by 1
Schmerztherapie bei HNO-Palliativpatienten
Flöther, L. (2020) · HNO · doi:10.1007/s00106-020-00861-w · Cited by 1
Neuropathic Pain: Mechanisms, Clinical Aspects and Treatment Options
Kersebaum, D., Sachau, J., Fabig, S., & Baron, R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.24257-0 · Cited by 1
Self-citationProposed Protocol for Neuropathic Pain Assessment
Herrero, M. T. V., de la Torre, M. V. R. Í., & Barbero, L. R. (2020) · Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.4236/odem.2020.84012 · Cited by 1
“The special group on the study of neuropathic pain (NeuPSIG) proposed a classification system to guide decisions about the level of certainty with which NeP can be determined in a patient: possible, probable, and definitive [4].”
BackgroundStereoselective Synthesis and Antiallodynic Activity of 3‐Hydroxylated Paroxetines
Chamorro‐Arenas, D., Salgado‐Moreno, G., Martinez‐Mendieta, L., et al. (2020) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.202000674 · Cited by 1
Chronic pain following spinal cord injury: Current approaches to cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Yasko, J. R., & Mains, R. E. (2018) · PubMed · Cited by 1
Chronic Pain in Peripheral Neuropathy
Feldman, E. L., Russell, J. W., Löscher, W. N., et al. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63449-0_7 · Cited by 1
Virtual Reality Environments in Pain Management
Pinho, M. I., Santos, C., Brito, I., Coelho, J., Simões-Silva, V., & Marques, A. J. (2021) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8634-1.ch014 · Cited by 1
Pain in Burning Mouth Syndrome- Neuropathogenic Hypothesis
Coculescu, B.-I. (2021) · Modern Research in Dentistry · doi:10.31031/mrd.2021.06.000639 · Cited by 1
“Since the definition of neuropathic pain in 1994 by the International Association for the Study of Pain was of a general nature, in 2008, the Neuropathic Pain Study Working Group within the same scientific forum pain has been redefined as “the pain as a direct consequence of the injury or of affecting the somatosensor…”
BackgroundAtención de apoyo en oncología de las vías aerodigestivas superiores
Rambeau, A., Guillaumé, C., Cabé, N., Humbert, M., Bastit, V., & Babin, E. (2022) · EMC - Otorrinolaringología · doi:10.1016/s1632-3475(22)46421-6 · Cited by 1
Exercise in the management of neuropathic pain
Wright, B., Lawton, A., & Wong, D. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89843-0.00030-1 · Cited by 1
Talmage, J. B. (2022) · AMA guides newsletter · doi:10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2022.julaug01 · Cited by 1
Teixidó-Abiol, L., de Arriba‐Arnau, A., Montesinos, J. S., Gil-Gallardo, G. H., Sánchez, M. J., & Sanctis, V. D. (2022) · International journal of psychological research · doi:10.21500/20112084.5631 · Cited by 1
“…detected in more than half of patients, tripling the rate of patients with anxiety in the general population (Turk et al., 2016; Velly & Mohit, 2018), especially for chronic pain that progresses with neuropathy (Colloca et al., 2017; Failde et al., 2018; Finnerup et al., 2016; Park et al., 2020).”
InfluentialHope for Hypermobility: Part 1—An Integrative Approach to Treating Symptomatic Joint Hypermobility
Daylor, V., Gensemer, C., Norris, R. A., & Bluestein, L. S. (2023) · Topics in Pain Management · doi:10.1097/01.tpm.0000924780.91929.b3 · Cited by 1
Holm, A., Orenius, T., Karttunen, N., Ristolainen, L., Kautiainen, H., & Hurri, H. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2023-0021 · Cited by 1
Pillay, P., Wadley, A. L., Cherry, C. L., Karstaedt, A., & Kamerman, P. R. (2019) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/19002220 · Cited by 1
“0 (15) Current CD4 T-cell count (cells/μL) 228 (1-1347) log10 viral load (copies/mL) 3.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Finnerup, N. B., Haroutounian, S., Kamerman, P., Baron, R., Bennett, D. L. H., Bouhassira, D., Cruccu, G., Freeman, R., Hansson, P., Nurmikko, T., Raja, S. N., Rice, A. S. C., Serra, J., Smith, B. H., Treede, R.-D., & Jensen, T. S.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Inserm (FR)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Walton Centre (GB)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Neuroscience Technologies, Ltd, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Finnerup, Nanna B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2016-01-13
- Volume
- 157
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1599-1606
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- 1872-6623
- PMC
- PMC4949003
- OpenAlex
- W2316569153
- Semantic Scholar
- 4d1325782b7eb15e39a0a2fafbff56c6b01dbb4c
- Cited by
- 1,332
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 116 · 2025: 155 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 198 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 164 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 120 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 17
- FWCI
- 11.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- Sanofi
- International Association for the Study of Pain
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
- Glenmark Pharmaceuticals
- European Commission (633491, HORIZON2020)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Eisai
- Novo Nordisk (NNF14SA0006)
- Astellas Pharma
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14SA000 6, NNF14OC0011633)
- Allergan
- Sanofi Pasteur
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- Daiichi Sankyo Europe
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- neuropathic pain, neuropathic pain diagnosis, pain distribution, sensory disturbances, confirmatory testing, screening tool
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Neuralgia, Pain Measurement, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research, Pain Management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
