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Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice
Open accessAbstract
The redefinition of neuropathic pain as “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system,” which was suggested by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Special Interest Group on Neuropathic Pain (NeuPSIG) in 2008, has been widely accepted. In contrast, the proposed grading system of possible, probable, and definite neuropathic pain from 2008 has been used to a lesser extent. Here, we report a citation analysis of the original NeuPSIG grading paper of 2008, followed by an analysis of its use by an expert panel and recommendations for an improved grading system. As of February, 2015, 608 eligible articles in Scopus cited the paper, 414 of which cited the neuropathic pain definition. Of 220 clinical studies citing the paper, 56 had used the grading system. The percentage using the grading system increased from 5% in 2009 to 30% in 2014. Obstacles to a wider use of the grading system were identified, including (1) questions about the relative significance of confirmatory tests, (2) the role of screening tools, and (3) uncertainties about what is considered a neuroanatomically plausible pain distribution. Here, we present a revised grading system with an adjusted order, better reflecting clinical practice, improvements in the specifications, and a word of caution that even the “definite” level of neuropathic pain does not always indicate causality. In addition, we add a table illustrating the area of pain and sensory abnormalities in common neuropathic pain conditions and propose areas for further research.
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In the citing paper
“To indicate probable neuropathic pain, pain must also be associated with sensory abnormalities (i.e., clinical signs such as allodynia and/or hyperalgesia) in the same neuroanatomical plausible distribution (Finnerup et al. 2016; Schmid et al. 2023).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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In the citing paper
“Lastly, to establish definite neuropathic pain, additional objective confirmation of a lesion or disease in the somatosensory nervous system that may explain the pain is required (Finnerup et al. 2016; Schmid et al. 2023).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To indicate possible neuropathic pain, patients must meet two criteria. First, the medical history should prompt a possible explanation for neuropathic pain, and patients should present with clinical symptoms. Second, the experienced pain distribution must be neuroanatomically plausible (i.e., the experienced pain is likely to correspond to the patient's neurological damage) (Finnerup et al. 2016;”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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In the citing paper
“the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG) has developed a grading system for the identification of neuropathic pain (Finnerup et al. 2016; Schmid et al. 2023)”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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In the citing paper
“Importantly, a possible diagnosis cannot replace the probable and definite certainty provided by NeuPSIG in clinical practice (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Importantly, the algorithms used across diagnostic certainty levels do not yield a definitive diagnosis of neuropathic pain (i.e., not to be confused with definite neuropathic pain). Instead, the grading system evaluate the probability that the experienced pain is caused by neurological damage, with increasing certainty as more criteria are met (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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In the citing paper
“Given these considerations and in line with existing guidelines, the establishment of a probable diagnosis of neuropathic pain may be adequate for prompting analgesic treatments in pwMS, provided that the patient has a valid diagnosis of MS (Finnerup et al. 2016; Treede et al. 2019).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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In the citing paper
“Hence, achieving definite diagnostic certainty does not constitute absolute proof of central neuropathic pain but should rather be interpreted as a strong indication within the context of best clinical practice (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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Citations
Cites
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Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 999
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“Furthermore, all patients should fulfil the criteria for probable or definite neuropathic pain (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationFitzsimmons, M., Carr, E., Woodhouse, L. J., & Bostick, G. P. (2018) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.01.010 · Cited by 38
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“This type of pain is often mechanistically complex and experienced unpredictably by patients (40,41), but has several potential pharmacological management pathways (42).”
BackgroundNeuropathic pain modeling: Focus on synaptic and ion channel mechanisms
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“Positive CHANT and DN4 neuropathic pain interview screens together indicate ‘probable’ neuropathic pain (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
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“It is characterized by allodynia, hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain (Finnerup et al., 2016; Xun and Zheng, 2019).”
BackgroundA Review of Adult and Pediatric Neuropathic Pain Assessment Tools
Morgan, K. J., & Anghelescu, D. L. (2016) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000476 · Cited by 36
The antiviral alkaloid berberine ameliorates neuropathic pain in rats with peripheral nerve injury
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“Neuropathic pain is defined as pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, and affects 7%–10% of the general population (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
BackgroundNeuropathic pain: clinical classification and assessment in patients with pain due to cancer
Shkodra, M., Brunelli, C., Zecca, E., Formaglio, F., Bracchi, P., Dico, S. L., Caputo, M., Kaasa, S., & Caraceni, A. T. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002076 · Cited by 36
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“system to classify or include patients with neuropathic pain, and while other studies used various questionnaires, such as the neuropathic pain questionnaire, the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 questions, and the painDETECT, as screening tools.(29) These questionnaires rely on self-reporting by patients, which may limit t…”
Korwisi, B., Hay, G., Attal, N., Aziz, Q., Bennett, M., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M. L., Evers, S., Giamberardino, M. A., Kaasa, S., et al. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002208 · Cited by 35
Self-citationMirogabalin—A Novel Selective Ligand for the α2δ Calcium Channel Subunit
Zajączkowska, R., Mika, J., Leppert, W., Kocot-Kępska, M., Malec‐Milewska, M., & Wordliczek, J. (2021) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph14020112 · Cited by 36
“It is estimated that only 50% of treated patients with neuropathic pain achieve 30–50% pain relief, while the remainder suffer from poorly controlled pain despite the variety of therapies applied [3].”
BackgroundSupraspinal nociceptive networks in neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury
Huynh, V., Lütolf, R., Rösner, J., Luechinger, R., Curt, A. E. P., Kollias, S. S., Hubli, M., & Michels, L. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25401 · Cited by 36
“This corresponds to a neuroanatomically plausible pain distribution for SCIrelated NP according to accepted guidelines (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
BackgroundHansen, J. S., Gustavsen, S., Roshanisefat, H., Kant, M., Biering‐Sørensen, F., Andersen, C. Y., Olsson, A., Chow, H. H., Asgari, N., Hansen, J. R., et al. (2023) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph16081079 · Cited by 40
“Inclusion criteria were: age ≥ 18 years, definite or probable NP (according to the NP grading system [36]) for more than three months with mean intensity at baseline (one-week registration) >3 and ≤9 on a numerical rating scale (NRS0-10) and/or presence of spasticity for more than three months with a mean intensity at…”
BackgroundSelf-citationOrofacial Pain and Dentistry Management: Guidelines for a More Comprehensive Evidence-Based Approach
Labanca, M., Gianò, M., Franco, C., & Rezzani, R. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13172854 · Cited by 42
“It is also for this reason why it is difficult to define point-by-point diagnostic criteria [16].”
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Bäckryd, E., Themistocleous, A. C., Larsson, A. O., Gordh, T., Rice, A. S. C., Tesfaye, S. H., Bennett, D., & Gerdle, B. U. C. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002451 · Cited by 36
Self-citationToward Composite Pain Biomarkers of Neuropathic Pain—Focus on Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Diaz, M. M., Caylor, J. R., Strigo, I. A., Lerman, I. R., Henry, B. L., López, E., Wallace, M. S., Ellis, R. J., Simmons, A. N., & Keltner, J. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2022.869215 · Cited by 38
Chronic Pain and Emotional Stroop: A Systematic Review
Díaz, L. A., Montoro, C. I., Fischer-Jbali, L. R., & Galvez-Sánchez, C. M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11123259 · Cited by 40
“CNP can be conceptualized as a pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system [57,58].”
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Pain Quality Assessment Scale for Epidermolysis Bullosa
Schräder, N. H. B., Yuen, W. Y., & Jonkman, M. F. (2018) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/00015555-2827 · Cited by 34
“The most updated grading system for neuropathic pain research and clinical practice, maintains the importance of incorporating pain qualities into the decisionmaking pain classification tract (5).”
BackgroundVigneri, S., Sindaco, G., Grua, M. L., Zanella, M., Bianco, G. L., Paci, V., Vinci, F. M., Sciacca, C., Ravaioli, L., & Pari, G. (2019) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000766 · Cited by 34
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Self-citationThe use of quantitative sensory testing in cancer pain assessment: A systematic review
Martland, M., Rashidi, A., Bennett, M., Fallon, M., Jones, C. A., Rolke, R., & Mulvey, M. R. (2019) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1520 · Cited by 34
“…assessment and diagnostic guidelines propose the use of objective measurable tests such as quantitative sensory testing (QST, Table 1) to support the diagnosis of neuropathic pain (Cruccu et al., 2010; Cruccu & Truini, 2009; Finnerup et al., 2016; Haanpaa et al., 2011; Piano et al., 2012, 2013).”
BackgroundOxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Senescence in Neuropathic Pain: Mechanistic Crosstalk
Stojanović, B., Bevc, I. M., Stojanovic, M. D., Stojanović, B., Lazarević, T., Spasić, M., Petrovic, M., Stefanovic, I., Marković, M., Nešić, J., et al. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14101166 · Cited by 39
“The earliest widely adopted definition by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) described it as pain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction of the nervous system [11].”
Food-Derived Natural Compounds for Pain Relief in Neuropathic Pain
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“The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines neuropathic pain as pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, which causes unpleasant and abnormal sensation (dysesthesia), an increased response to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia), and pain in response to a stimulus that d…”
Diagnosis, pathophysiology, management and future issues of trigeminal surgical nerve injuries
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“’ A grading system to aid in diagnosing neuropathic pain has been proposed as well.(40) The diagnostic criteria for pain due to trigeminal nerve damage, presently termed as painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PPTTN) in the latest International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3)(41) ar…”
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“This algorithm has recently been adapted for application in SCI (Figure 1) [11], [12].”
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The multiple challenges of neuropathic pain
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“Neuropathic pain is defined as chronic pain directly or indirectly caused by a pathological disorder or disease of the peripheral or central somatosensory nervous system (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
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“7 days Level of lesion Cervical 47 (60) 31 (82) Thoracic 22 (28) 6 (16) Lumbar 4 (5) 1 (2) Unknown 7 (9)”
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“A recent systematic review of neuropathic pain reported that only 56 of 220 clinical studies had used the grading system.(55) None of the 28 studies in this review included graded diagnostics.”
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Self-citationEnriched Environment and Effects on Neuropathic Pain: Experimental Findings and Mechanisms
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“severely undermine the quality of life in patients physically, mentally, and socially.(1,2) Recently, the estimated global prevalence of chronic pain and neuro-”
BackgroundGanglion Impar block improves neuropathic pain in coccygodynia: A preliminary report
Şencan, S., Keniş-Coşkun, Ö., Demir, F. G. Ü., Cüce, İ., Erçalık, T., & Gündüz, O. H. (2018) · Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska · doi:10.1016/j.pjnns.2018.08.006 · Cited by 30
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“…pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, which causes unpleasant and abnormal sensation (dysesthesia), an increased response to painful stimuli (hyperalgesia), and pain in response to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain (allodynia) (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
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“Recognition of NeuP remains a challenge in veterinary medicine and in non-verbal human patients since it is characterized by the combination of sensory qualities that can only be self-reported [39].”
BackgroundAssessment of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury using quantitative pain drawings
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The characteristics of pain and dysesthesia in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy
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“Paresthesia was included in this group [22, 36].”
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“73,90”
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Unda, S. R., Villegas, E. A., Toledo, M. E., Onell, G. A., & Laino, C. H. (2019) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/jphp.13213 · Cited by 30
“According to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), neuropathic pain is defined as ‘pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system’.([1]) It occurs in various disorders of the nervous system, but as the signs and symptoms may or may not be related to the injured site, this…”
Leone, C. M., Celletti, C., Gaudiano, G., Puglisi, P. A., Fasolino, A., Cruccu, G., Camerota, F., & Truini, A. (2020) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa038 · Cited by 30
Self-citationRaicher, I., Stump, P., Harnik, S. B., de Oliveira, R. A., Baccarelli, R., Marciano, L. H. S. C., Ura, S., Virmond, M., Teixeira, M. J., & de Andrade, D. C. (2018) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000638 · Cited by 30
Microglia: sculptors of neuropathic pain?
Ward, H. L., & West, S. J. (2020) · Royal Society Open Science · doi:10.1098/rsos.200260 · Cited by 35
Assessment of Somatosensory Function and Self-harm in Adolescents
Cummins, T. M., English, O., Minnis, H., Stahl, D. R., O’Connor, R. C., Bannister, K., McMahon, S. B., & Ougrin, D. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16853 · Cited by 32
Hary, V., Schitter, S., & Martinez, V. (2022) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1941 · Cited by 30
“It represents a tool to ascertain the level of certainty with which pain can be classified as neuropathic considering medical history, clinical examination showing negative or positive sensory signs with a plausible neuroanatomical distribution, and confirmatory diagnostic tests (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
MethodGallay, M. N., Magara, A. E., Moser, D., et al. (2023) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2023.1.jns222879 · Cited by 30
“29 Diagnostic criteria for classical and idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia were as previously published.”
MethodThe Association between Dysbiosis and Neurological Conditions Often Manifesting with Chronic Pain
Garvey, M. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11030748 · Cited by 35
“Sleep disturbances, anxiety and depression are frequent and severe in patients with neuropathic pain [16].”
BackgroundLópez‐de‐Uralde‐Villanueva, I., Gil‐Martínez, A., Candelas-Fernández, P., Ares, J. D. A., Beltrán-Alacreu, H., & Touche, R. L. (2016) · Neurología · doi:10.1016/j.nrl.2016.10.009 · Cited by 30
Chronic pain in pachyonychia congenita: evidence for neuropathic origin
Brill, S., Sprecher, E., Smith, F. J. D., Geva, N., Gruener, H., Nahman‐Averbuch, H., & Defrin, R. (2017) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.16217 · Cited by 29
“22,28,29 Almost all chronic pain patients reported that the pain was felt mainly during weight bearing, a complaint not typical to neuropathic pain in which pain is usually spontaneous but may worsen during activity.(22) Some PC patients also reported that the pain is evoked or exacerbated when the affected skin is we…”
InfluentialValidity of Clinical Small–Fiber Sensory Testing to Detect Small–Nerve Fiber Degeneration
Ridehalgh, C., Sandy-Hindmarch, O. P., & Schmid, A. B. (2018) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.8230 · Cited by 30
Neurosteroids and neuropathic pain management: Basic evidence and therapeutic perspectives
Meyer, L., Taleb, O., Patte-Mensah, C., & Mensah-Nyagan, A.-G. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100795 · Cited by 30
Carmland, M. E., Kreutzfeldt, M. D., Holbech, J. V., Brask‐Thomsen, P. K., Krøigård, T., Hansen, P. N., Tankişi, H., Jensen, T. S., Bach, F. W., Sindrup, S. H., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2165 · Cited by 30
“Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, probable or definite peripheral neuropathic pain (Finnerup et al., 2016) for at least 3 months and a mean pain intensity of 4– 9 on a 0– 10 point numeric rating scale (NRS) during the baseline week (Dworkin et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationKim, M., Kim, J., & Kho, H. (2019) · International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2019.06.013 · Cited by 29
Sensory profiles in women with neuropathic pain after breast cancer surgery
Mustonen, L., Vollert, J., Rice, A., Kalso, E. A., & Harno, H. (2020) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-020-05681-8 · Cited by 29
Self-citationNeuropathic Pain Related to Peripheral Neuropathies According to the IASP Grading System Criteria
Stefano, G. D., Lionardo, A. D., Pietro, G. D., & Truini, A. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11010001 · Cited by 29
“According to the revised version of the IASP grading system [3], sensory deficits are not a prerequisite for all NP conditions.”
MethodNociplastic pain concept, a mechanistic basis for pragmatic approach to fibromyalgia
Bidari, A., & Ghavidel‐Parsa, B. (2022) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-022-06229-5 · Cited by 31
André‐Obadia, N., Hodaj, H., Hodaj, E., Simon, É., Delon‐Martin, C., & Garcı́a-Larrea, L. (2022) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-022-01303-x · Cited by 29
Prevalence and Characteristics of Itch and Pain in Patients Suffering from Chronic Hand Eczema
Zalewski, A., Krajewski, P. K., & Szepietowski, J. C. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12134198 · Cited by 28
Peripheral mechanisms of peripheral neuropathic pain
Pacifico, P., Coy-Dibley, J. S., Miller, R. J., & Menichella, D. M. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1252442 · Cited by 30
“…terminate in the epidermis (Colloca et al., 2017; Handler and Ginty, 2021), providing an opportunity for both gap junctions and synapse-like contacts (Churko and Laird, 2013; Woo et al., 2015), as well as indirect crosstalk between keratinocytes and nerve afferents (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodDifferent Types of Pain in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Require a Personalized Treatment Strategy
Mangnus, T. J. P., Dirckx, M., & Huygen, F. J. P. M. (2023) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s432209 · Cited by 28
“42 For possible neuropathic pain, there should be “history of a relevant neurological lesion or disease and the pain distribution should be neuroanatomically plausible.””
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPrevalence and Determinants of Painful and Painless Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Barbosa, M., Saavedra, A., Oliveira, S. C., Reis, L. D. D., Rodrigues, F., Severo, M., Sittl, R., Maier, C., & Carvalho, D. M. (2019) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00402 · Cited by 31
“In the Portuguese version of the scale, a cut-off score of ≥12 clearly suggests neuropathic pain (22).”
BackgroundInfluentialClinical and Neurophysiological Features of Leprosy Patients with Neuropathic Pain
Giesel, L. M., Pitta, I. J. R., Silveira, R., Andrade, L. R., Vital, R. T., Nery, J. A. D. C., Hacker, M. D. A. V. B., Sarno, E. N., & Jardim, M. R. (2018) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.17-0817 · Cited by 28
Epping, R., Verhagen, A. P., Hoebink, E. A., Rooker, S., & Scholten-Peeters, G. G. M. (2017) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2017.05.010 · Cited by 28
Skyt, I., Moslemi, K., Baastrup, C., Grosen, K., Benedetti, F., Petersen, G. L., Price, D. D., Hall, K. T., Kaptchuk, T. J., Svensson, P. J., et al. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001089 · Cited by 29
Self-citationJoshi, H. P., Kim, S. B., Kim, S., Kumar, H., Jo, M., Choi, H., Kim, J., Kyung, J. W., Sohn, S., Kim, J., et al. (2019) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-019-1468-7 · Cited by 28
The Peripheral Nerve Surgeon’s Role in the Management of Neuropathic Pain
Caragher, S. P., Khouri, K. S., Raasveld, F. V., Winograd, J. M., Valerio, I. L., Gfrerer, L., & Eberlin, K. R. (2023) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000005005 · Cited by 28
de Andrade, D. C., Mylius, V., Perez‐Lloret, S., Cury, R. G., Bannister, K., Moisset, X., Kubota, G. T., Finnerup, N. B., Bouhassira, D., Chaudhuri, К. R., et al. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002968 · Cited by 28
Self-citationAttal, N. (2020) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2020.07.003 · Cited by 27
Li, H., Fan, L., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.09.025 · Cited by 27
Angiotensin Type 2 Receptors: Painful, or Not?
Pulakat, L., & Sumners, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.571994 · Cited by 27
“Their efforts resulted in the current definition of neuropathic pain as “pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system” (Treede et al., 2008; Finnerup et al., 2016).”
BackgroundVerriotis, M., Peters, J., Sorger, C., & Walker, S. M. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002172 · Cited by 27
A COVID-19 Rehabilitation Prospective Surveillance Model for Use by Physiotherapists
Postigo-Martín, P., Cantarero‐Villanueva, I., Lista-Paz, A., Castro‐Martín, E., Arroyo‐Morales, M., & Seco‐Calvo, J. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10081691 · Cited by 30
Zolezzi, D. M., Alonso-Valerdi, L. M., & Ibarra-Zárate, D. I. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104599 · Cited by 33
Mou, W., Ma, L., Zhu, A., Cui, H., & Huang, Y. (2022) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/17448069221140532 · Cited by 29
Potential novel therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain
Du, Z., Zhang, J., Han, X., Yu, W., & Gu, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2023.1138798 · Cited by 31
“Several diseases, such as complex regional pain syndrome type 1, low back pain without radicular pain, fibromyalgia and atypical facial pain, were not included because they did not meet the current definition of NP (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
BackgroundTakai, K., & Taniguchi, M. (2017) · Journal of Neurosurgery Spine · doi:10.3171/2017.1.spine16234 · Cited by 27
de Oliveira, R. A. A., Baptista, A. F., Sá, K. N., Barbosa, L. M., Nascimento, O. J. M., Listik, C., Moisset, X., Teixeira, M. J., & de Andrade, D. C. (2020) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0004-282x20200166 · Cited by 27
Shraim, M. A., Massé‐Alarie, H., Farrell, M. J., Cavaleri, R., Loggia, M. L., & Hodges, P. W. (2024) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.2313 · Cited by 29
“Although some overlap between nociplastic and neuropathic pain mechanisms was expected (Shraim et al., 2021), participants were excluded if they met the probable or definite criteria on the neuropathic pain grading system (Finnerup et al., 2016; Data S1).”
Stamer, U. M., Lavand'homme, P. M., Hofer, D. M., Barke, A., & Korwisi, B. (2025) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2025.02.005 · Cited by 32
Timmerman, H., Wilder‐Smith, O. H. G., Steegers, M. A. H., Vissers, K. C. P., & Wolff, A. P. (2018) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s154698 · Cited by 26
“219b IWB test latency (s) 41 20 (10;170) 32 40 (10;180) 5 40 (10;170) 27 40 (10;180) 0.”
Hasvik, E., Haugen, A. J., Gjerstad, J., & Grøvle, L. (2018) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1204 · Cited by 27
Prognostic factors, symptom evolution, and quality of life of posttraumatic trigeminal neuropathy
der Cruyssen, F. V., Peeters, F., Laat, A. D., Jacobs, R., Politis, C., & Renton, T. F. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002408 · Cited by 28
The role of circular RNAs in neuropathic pain
Zheng, Y.-L., Guo, J., Song, G., Yang, Z., Su, X., Chen, P., & Wang, X. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.048 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Finnerup, N. B., Haroutounian, S., Kamerman, P., Baron, R., Bennett, D. L. H., Bouhassira, D., Cruccu, G., Freeman, R., Hansson, P., Nurmikko, T., Raja, S. N., Rice, A. S. C., Serra, J., Smith, B. H., Treede, R.-D., & Jensen, T. S.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Inserm (FR)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Walton Centre (GB)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Neuroscience Technologies, Ltd, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Finnerup, Nanna B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2016-01-13
- Volume
- 157
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1599-1606
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- 1872-6623
- PMC
- PMC4949003
- OpenAlex
- W2316569153
- Semantic Scholar
- 4d1325782b7eb15e39a0a2fafbff56c6b01dbb4c
- Cited by
- 1,332
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 116 · 2025: 155 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 198 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 164 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 120 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 17
- FWCI
- 11.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- Sanofi
- International Association for the Study of Pain
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
- Glenmark Pharmaceuticals
- European Commission (633491, HORIZON2020)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Eisai
- Novo Nordisk (NNF14SA0006)
- Astellas Pharma
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14SA000 6, NNF14OC0011633)
- Allergan
- Sanofi Pasteur
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- Daiichi Sankyo Europe
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- neuropathic pain, neuropathic pain diagnosis, pain distribution, sensory disturbances, confirmatory testing, screening tool
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Neuralgia, Pain Measurement, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research, Pain Management
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