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Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice
Open accessAbstract
The redefinition of neuropathic pain as “pain arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system,” which was suggested by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Special Interest Group on Neuropathic Pain (NeuPSIG) in 2008, has been widely accepted. In contrast, the proposed grading system of possible, probable, and definite neuropathic pain from 2008 has been used to a lesser extent. Here, we report a citation analysis of the original NeuPSIG grading paper of 2008, followed by an analysis of its use by an expert panel and recommendations for an improved grading system. As of February, 2015, 608 eligible articles in Scopus cited the paper, 414 of which cited the neuropathic pain definition. Of 220 clinical studies citing the paper, 56 had used the grading system. The percentage using the grading system increased from 5% in 2009 to 30% in 2014. Obstacles to a wider use of the grading system were identified, including (1) questions about the relative significance of confirmatory tests, (2) the role of screening tools, and (3) uncertainties about what is considered a neuroanatomically plausible pain distribution. Here, we present a revised grading system with an adjusted order, better reflecting clinical practice, improvements in the specifications, and a word of caution that even the “definite” level of neuropathic pain does not always indicate causality. In addition, we add a table illustrating the area of pain and sensory abnormalities in common neuropathic pain conditions and propose areas for further research.
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In the citing paper
“To indicate probable neuropathic pain, pain must also be associated with sensory abnormalities (i.e., clinical signs such as allodynia and/or hyperalgesia) in the same neuroanatomical plausible distribution (Finnerup et al. 2016; Schmid et al. 2023).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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In the citing paper
“Lastly, to establish definite neuropathic pain, additional objective confirmation of a lesion or disease in the somatosensory nervous system that may explain the pain is required (Finnerup et al. 2016; Schmid et al. 2023).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To indicate possible neuropathic pain, patients must meet two criteria. First, the medical history should prompt a possible explanation for neuropathic pain, and patients should present with clinical symptoms. Second, the experienced pain distribution must be neuroanatomically plausible (i.e., the experienced pain is likely to correspond to the patient's neurological damage) (Finnerup et al. 2016;”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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In the citing paper
“the Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG) has developed a grading system for the identification of neuropathic pain (Finnerup et al. 2016; Schmid et al. 2023)”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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“Importantly, a possible diagnosis cannot replace the probable and definite certainty provided by NeuPSIG in clinical practice (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Importantly, the algorithms used across diagnostic certainty levels do not yield a definitive diagnosis of neuropathic pain (i.e., not to be confused with definite neuropathic pain). Instead, the grading system evaluate the probability that the experienced pain is caused by neurological damage, with increasing certainty as more criteria are met (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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“Given these considerations and in line with existing guidelines, the establishment of a probable diagnosis of neuropathic pain may be adequate for prompting analgesic treatments in pwMS, provided that the patient has a valid diagnosis of MS (Finnerup et al. 2016; Treede et al. 2019).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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In the citing paper
“Hence, achieving definite diagnostic certainty does not constitute absolute proof of central neuropathic pain but should rather be interpreted as a strong indication within the context of best clinical practice (Finnerup et al. 2016).”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the NeuPSIG Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Finnerup et al. 2016
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Citations
Cites
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Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Self-citationNew Horizons in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms, Bioenergetics, and Pain
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Self-citationTFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report
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“This is required to distinguish nociceptive from neuropathic pain, whose definition has been restricted to lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system [420].”
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Self-citationSubchondral bone microenvironment in osteoarthritis and pain
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“Nerve fiber lesions can be tested by the presence of positive and negative signs.(169) Positive signs include hyperalgesia and allodynia, while negative signs include dysesthesia, numbness and a loss of vibration perception.”
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“‡ The purpose of the grading system is to indicate the level of certainty that a patient has nociplastic pain and, as mentioned above, was inspired by the current grading system for neuropathic pain.(7) However, because of the”
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Bouhassira, D. (2018) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/j.neurol.2018.09.016 · Cited by 409
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“This study was limited to patients with CRPS type I, which does not meet the most recent International Association for the Study of Pain definition of neuropathic pain because of the absence of an identifiable nerve injury.(32) A second RCT that”
Osteoarthritis: the genesis of pain
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“Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by a disease or a lesion in the somatosensory nervous system [59].”
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“Like DN, no gold standard definition of painful DN exists; however, a hierarchical grading scheme has been proposed for neuropathic pain, which can be applied to painful DN.(30,37) Specifically, painful DN can be rated as either possible (diabetes and pain distribution in stocking glove distribution), probable (sensor…”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationNew perspectives in diabetic neuropathy
Eid, S., Rumora, A. E., Beirowski, B., Bennett, D., Hur, J., Savelieff, M. G., & Feldman, E. L. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.05.003 · Cited by 282
Self-citationCancer Pain Assessment and Classification
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BackgroundCancer Pain Management: A Narrative Review of Current Concepts, Strategies, and Techniques
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“As there is no specific diagnostic tool for neuropathic pain, a grading system of definite, probable or possible neuropathic pain has been proposed (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
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Neuropathic orofacial pain: Facts and fiction
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“In addition, the degree of certainty of a diagnosis of neuropathic pain may vary according to availability of tests of somatosensory function, and grading systems for diagnostic certainty have also been slightly revised over the last decade (66,67).”
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Self-citationTriggering trigeminal neuralgia
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“The observation that, besides spontaneous paroxysmal pain, patients always invariably report triggered pain further supports the use of triggers as a criterion for clinically established TN, and with that for probable neuropathic pain (2,10).”
Self-citationNeuropathic Pain and Spinal Cord Injury: Phenotypes and Pharmacological Management
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“This is also consistent with recent recommendations made for heterogeneous neuropathic pain conditions by the International Association for the Study of Pain Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group [42], which includes tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentinoids and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors; however,…”
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Self-citationInsular and anterior cingulate cortex deep stimulation for central neuropathic pain
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Is burning mouth syndrome a neuropathic pain condition?
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Epidemiology of neuropathic pain: an analysis of prevalence and associated factors in UK Biobank
Baskozos, G., Hébert, H. L., Pascal, M. M. V., Themistocleous, A. C., Macfarlane, G. J., Wynick, D., Bennett, D. L. H., & Smith, B. H. (2023) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001066 · Cited by 134
“Our definition of NeuP relies on a self-completed screening tool for NeuP, which does not meet the grading system for “probable” or “definite” NeuP [19] as clinical examination is clearly not feasible in a population survey.”
MethodSelf-citationA brain-based pain facilitation mechanism contributes to painful diabetic polyneuropathy
Segerdahl, A. R., Themistocleous, A. C., Fido, D., Bennett, D., & Tracey, I. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx337 · Cited by 126
“The IASP/ NeuPSIG grading system was used to grade the neuropathic pain (Finnerup et al., 2016).”
MethodSelf-citationRisk factors for neuropathic pain in diabetes mellitus
Hébert, H. L., Veluchamy, A., Torrance, N., & Smith, B. H. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000785 · Cited by 117
Self-citationChronic pain in critical care survivors: a narrative review
Kemp, H. I., Laycock, H. C., Costello, A., & Brett, S. J. (2019) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.025 · Cited by 130
Nijs, J., Kosek, E., Chiarotto, A., Cook, C. E., Danneels, L. A., Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Hodges, P. W., Koes, B. W., Louw, A., Ostelo, R., et al. (2024) · The Lancet Rheumatology · doi:10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00324-7 · Cited by 136
Neuropathic pain and SCI: Identification and treatment strategies in the 21st century
Hatch, M. N., Cushing, T. R., Carlson, G. D., & Chang, E. Y. (2017) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2017.11.018 · Cited by 116
Neurophysiological mechanisms of cancer-induced bone pain
Zheng, X.-Q., Wu, Y., Huang, J.-F., & Wu, A. (2021) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.006 · Cited by 124
“Furthermore, an effective grading system for neuropathic pain was established in 2008 [3] and has been continuously updated ever since [4].”
BackgroundSelvarajah, D., Wilkinson, I. D., Fang, F., Sankar, A., Davies, J., Boland, E. G., Harding, J., Rao, G., Gandhi, R. A., Tracey, I., et al. (2019) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db18-0509 · Cited by 113
Truini, A., Aleksovska, K., Anderson, C. C., Attal, N., Baron, R., Bennett, D. L., Bouhassira, D., Cruccu, G., Eisenberg, E., Enax‐Krumova, E., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15831 · Cited by 113
“For quantitative sensory testing, neurophysiology, skin biopsy, and corneal confocal microscopy, the outcome was the diagnostic yield for identifying damage to the somatosensory nervous system in patients with probable or definite neuropathic pain according to the grading system [1].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationPractice review: Evidence-based and effective management of pain in patients with advanced cancer
Chapman, E., Edwards, Z., Boland, J. W., Maddocks, M. M., Fettes, L., Malia, C., Mulvey, M. R., & Bennett, M. (2020) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216319896955 · Cited by 115
Christensen, D. H., Knudsen, S. T., Gylfadottir, S. S., Christensen, L. B., Nielsen, J. S., Beck‐Nielsen, H., Sørensen, H. T., Andersen, H., Callaghan, B. C., Feldman, E. L., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-2277 · Cited by 111
“underlying somatosensory lesion or disease (here, diabetes) (24).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationLi, J., Wei, Y., Zhou, J., Zou, H., Ma, L., Liu, C., Xiao, Z., Liu, X., Tan, X., Yu, T., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02489-9 · Cited by 106
“The mechanisms of NP are complicated, and there is still lacking clinically effective analgesics [2].”
BackgroundBouhassira, D., Luporsi, É., & Krakowski, I. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000895 · Cited by 105
Self-citationVollert, J., Magerl, W., Baron, R., Binder, A., Enax‐Krumova, E., Geißlinger, G., Gierthmühlen, J., Henrich, F., Hüllemann, P., Klein, T., et al. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001190 · Cited by 105
“Muscular HFS 15 7 (47%) 24 (19-27) Mannheim Lower back”
InfluentialSelf-citationDietz-Fricke, C., Müller, M., Reinhold, A., Karch, L., Schwab, B., Forer, L., Vlčková, E., Brede, E.-M., Jakubietz, R. G., Üçeyler, N., et al. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001617 · Cited by 104
“They served as a disease control with definite neuropathic pain according to the current definition of the IASP.13,43 A repeated-measurements ANOVA provided a significant main effect of group for the NPSI values (F 5 11.57, P , 0.001).”
MethodInfluentialCancer-Related Neuropathic Pain
Edwards, H. L., Mulvey, M. R., & Bennett, M. (2019) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers11030373 · Cited by 102
“They also suggest that “definite” diagnoses will generally be limited to specialist contexts, and where treatment targeted at the underlying lesion or disease may be possible [22].”
BackgroundInfluentialComplex regional pain syndrome: advances in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Ferraro, M. C., O'Connell, N. E., Sommer, C., Göebel, A., Bultitude, J. H., Cashin, A. G., Moseley, G. L., & McAuley, J. H. (2024) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00076-0 · Cited by 103
“59 Nociplastic pain is defined by IASP as pain duration greater than 3 months, a regional rather than discrete distribution, pain not entirely explained by nociceptive or neuropathic mechanisms, 56 and clinical signs of pain hypersensitivity that can be evoked in the region of pain.”
The Genetics of Neuropathic Pain from Model Organisms to Clinical Application
Calvo, M., Davies, A. J., Hébert, H. L., Weir, G. A., Chesler, E. J., Finnerup, N. B., Levitt, R. C., Smith, B. H., Neely, G. G., Costigan, M., et al. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.09.018 · Cited by 105
“The reasons for this are complex, spanning the whole process of drug development but broadly falling into two categories: the sensitivity of clinical trials for NeuP therapies due to the subjectivity of pain reporting, the placebo effect and case mix (Finnerup et al., 2018) and the ability of animal models to predict…”
BackgroundSelf-citationInterventions for Neuropathic Pain: An Overview of Systematic Reviews
Došenović, S., Kadić, A. J., Miljanović, M., Biocić, M., Borić, K., Ćavar, M., Markovina, N., Vučić, K., & Puljak, L. (2017) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/ane.0000000000001998 · Cited by 99
Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Fehrenbacher, J. C. (2015) · Progress in molecular biology and translational science · doi:10.1016/bs.pmbts.2014.12.002 · Cited by 104
Shraim, M. A., Sluka, K. A., Sterling, M. M., Arendt‐Nielsen, L., Argoff, C. E., Bagraith, K. S., Baron, R., Brisby, H., Carr, D. B., Chimenti, R. L., et al. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002577 · Cited by 103
Self-citationWang, Z., Liu, F., Wei, M., Qiu, Y., Ma, C., Shen, L., & Huang, Y. (2018) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-018-1215-4 · Cited by 94
Painful and non‐painful diabetic polyneuropathy: Clinical characteristics and diagnostic issues
Gylfadottir, S. S., Weeracharoenkul, D., Andersen, S. T., Niruthisard, S., Suwanwalaikorn, S., & Jensen, T. S. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13105 · Cited by 109
Self-citationHemisensory disturbances in patients with complex regional pain syndrome
Drummond, P. D., Finch, P. M., Birklein, F., et al. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001280 · Cited by 91
Idiopathic distal sensory polyneuropathy
Freeman, R. L., Gewandter, J. S., Faber, C. G., Gibbons, C. H., Haroutounian, S., Lauria, G., Levine, T., Malik, R. A., Singleton, J. R., Smith, A. G., et al. (2020) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000010988 · Cited by 92
“Hyperalgesia and allodynia were also included because they are positive signs that indicate a pathologic increase in nerve excitability and are commonly evaluated in patients with neuropathic pain.(23) Deep tendon reflexes have been excluded from the diagnostic criteria because of age-related changes in the healthy el…”
BackgroundSelf-citationImplanted spinal neuromodulation interventions for chronic pain in adults
O'Connell, N. E., Ferraro, M. C., Gibson, W., Rice, A. S. C., Vase, L., Coyle, D., & Eccleston, C. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013756.pub2 · Cited by 95
Self-citationTranslational neuropathic pain research: A clinical perspective
Bouhassira, D., & Attal, N. (2016) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.029 · Cited by 89
Self-citationAsseyer, S., Cooper, G., & Paul, F. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00778 · Cited by 87
Molecular Mechanisms of Astaxanthin as a Potential Neurotherapeutic Agent
Bahbah, E. I., Ghozy, S. A., Attia, M. S., Negida, A., Emran, T. B., Mitra, S., Albadrani, G. M., Abdel‐Daim, M. M., Uddin, M. S., & Simal‐Gándara, J. (2021) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md19040201 · Cited by 89
“Neuropathic pain develops when a disorder or an injury occurs within the somatosensory pathway, stimulating the underlying affected neurons [95].”
BackgroundO’Leary, H., Smart, K. M., Moloney, N. A., Blake, C. M., & Doody, C. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001288 · Cited by 87
Neuropathic pain: From actual pharmacological treatments to new therapeutic horizons
Thouaye, M., & Yalçın, İ. (2023) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108546 · Cited by 95
Truini, A., Spallone, V., Morganti, R., Tamburin, S., Zanette, G., Schenone, A., De Michelis, C., Tugnoli, V., Simioni, V., Manganelli, F., et al. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001378 · Cited by 85
Self-citationNeuropathic pain in the community: prevalence, impact, and risk factors
Smith, B. H., Hébert, H. L., & Veluchamy, A. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001824 · Cited by 89
Self-citationNerve injury drives a heightened state of vigilance and neuropathic sensitization in Drosophila
Khuong, T. M., Wang, Q., Manion, J., Oyston, L. J., Lau, M.-T., Towler, H., Lin, Y. Q., & Neely, G. G. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaw4099 · Cited by 85
Lernia, D. D., Lacerenza, M. R., Ainley, V., & Riva, G. (2020) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm10040201 · Cited by 86
“According to the grading system of neuropathic pain [47].”
MethodGenetic studies of human neuropathic pain conditions: a review
Zorina-Lichtenwalter, K., Parisien, M., & Diatchenko, L. B. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001099 · Cited by 82
Neuropathic Pain and Spinal Cord Injury: Management, Phenotypes, and Biomarkers
Widerström-Noga, E. G. (2023) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-023-01903-7 · Cited by 86
“These recommendations are consistent with the pharmacological guidelines for heterogeneous neuropathic pain proposed by the IASP Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group [56] that include strong first-line recommendations for tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentinoids, and serotonin–noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors.”
MethodInvestigating the validity of the DN4 in a consecutive population of patients with chronic pain
Timmerman, H., Steegers, M. A. H., Huygen, F. J. P. M., Goeman, J. J., van Dasselaar, N. T., Schenkels, M. J., Wilder‐Smith, O. H. G., Wolff, A. P., & Vissers, K. C. P. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187961 · Cited by 79
“The NeuPSIG grading system[32, 33] was used as a secondary comparison with the outcome of the DN4 and was assessed by both the physicians separately.”
MethodSchuttert, I., Timmerman, H., Petersen, K. K., McPhee, M. E., Arendt‐Nielsen, L., Reneman, M. F., & Wolff, A. P. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10245931 · Cited by 87
“In neuropathic pain, for example, a grading system was created to address a lack of standardized and valid assessment methods and create a gold standard for the clinical assessment of neuropathic pain [29,30].”
BackgroundSomatosensory and psychological phenotypes associated with neuropathic pain in entrapment neuropathy
Matesanz-García, L., Hausheer, A. C., Baskozos, G., Bennett, D., & Schmid, A. B. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002102 · Cited by 77
Self-citationChronic pain and infection: mechanisms, causes, conditions, treatments, and controversies
Cohen, S. P., Wang, E. J., Doshi, T. L., Vase, L., Cawcutt, K. A., & Tontisirin, N. (2022) · BMJ Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjmed-2021-000108 · Cited by 81
Polmann, H., Réus, J. C., Massignan, C., Serra‐Negra, J. M., Dick, B. D., Flores‐Mir, C., Lavigne, G. J., & Canto, G. D. L. (2020) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.13142 · Cited by 81
Motor cortex stimulation for chronic neuropathic pain: results of a double-blind randomized study
Hamani, C., Fonoff, E. T., Parravano, D. C., da Silva, V. A., Galhardoni, R., de Mônaco, B. A., Navarro, J., Yeng, L. T., Teixeira, M. J., & de Andrade, D. C. (2021) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awab189 · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- Finnerup, N. B., Haroutounian, S., Kamerman, P., Baron, R., Bennett, D. L. H., Bouhassira, D., Cruccu, G., Freeman, R., Hansson, P., Nurmikko, T., Raja, S. N., Rice, A. S. C., Serra, J., Smith, B. H., Treede, R.-D., & Jensen, T. S.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of the Witwatersrand (ZA)
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (DE)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Inserm (FR)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Walton Centre (GB)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- Neuroscience Technologies, Ltd, Barcelona, Spain
- University of Dundee (GB)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Finnerup, Nanna B.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2016-01-13
- Volume
- 157
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1599-1606
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- 1872-6623
- PMC
- PMC4949003
- OpenAlex
- W2316569153
- Semantic Scholar
- 4d1325782b7eb15e39a0a2fafbff56c6b01dbb4c
- Cited by
- 1,332
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 116 · 2025: 155 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 198 · 2022: 138 · 2021: 164 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 120 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 17
- FWCI
- 11.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Spiral (Imperial College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- Sanofi
- International Association for the Study of Pain
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
- Glenmark Pharmaceuticals
- European Commission (633491, HORIZON2020)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Eisai
- Novo Nordisk (NNF14SA0006)
- Astellas Pharma
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (NNF14SA000 6, NNF14OC0011633)
- Allergan
- Sanofi Pasteur
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- Daiichi Sankyo Europe
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- neuropathic pain, neuropathic pain diagnosis, pain distribution, sensory disturbances, confirmatory testing, screening tool
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Neuralgia, Pain Measurement, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research, Pain Management
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