Artificial sweeteners: a place in the field of functional foods? Focus on obesity and related metabolic disorders
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Artificial sweeteners can be a helpful tool to reduce energy intake and body weight and thereby risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Considering the prevailing diabesity (obesity and diabetes) epidemic, this can, therefore, be an important alternative to natural, calorie-containing sweeteners. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the effect of artificial sweeteners on body weight, appetite, and risk markers for diabetes and CVD in humans. RECENT FINDINGS: Short-term intervention studies have shown divergent results wrt appetite regulation, but overall artificial sweeteners cannot be claimed to affect hunger. Data from longer term intervention studies are scarce, but together they point toward a beneficial effect of artificial sweeteners on energy intake, body weight, liver fat, fasting and postprandial glycemia, insulinemia, and/or lipidemia compared with sugar. Epidemiological studies are not equivocal, but large cohort studies from the USA point toward decreased body weight and lower risk of type-2 diabetes and coronory heart diseases with increased intake of artificial sweeteners compared with sugar. SUMMARY: Artificial sweeteners, especially in beverages, can be a useful aid to maintain reduced energy intake and body weight and decrease risk of type-2 diabetes and CVD compared with sugars. However, confirmative long-term intervention trials are still needed.
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Based on animal experiments and limited human data, artificial and non-nutritive sweeteners may not be benign, with potential impact on cognitive processes, oral-gastrointestinal taste receptors, glucose-insulin and energy homeostasis, metabolic hormones, and the gut microbiome.
“However, based on animal experiments and limited human data, these artificial and non-nutritive sweeteners may not be benign, with potential impact on cognitive processes (e.g., reward, taste perception), oral-gastrointestinal taste receptors and glucose-insulin and energy homeostasis, metabolic hormones, and the gut microbiome.262-265”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [262]
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- Authors
- Raben, A., & Richelsen, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Raben, Anne
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 597-604
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1995329924
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- artificial sweeteners, energy intake, body weight, appetite regulation, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, glycemia, insulin levels, liver fat, sugar-sweetened beverages, diabesity, obesity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appetite, Beverages, Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hunger, Metabolic Diseases, Obesity, Sweetening Agents, United States, Weight Loss, Prevalence, Functional Food
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