The Impact of Artificial Sweeteners on Body Weight Control and Glucose Homeostasis
Open accessAbstract
A poor diet is one of the leading causes for non-communicable diseases. Due to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, there is a strong focus on dietary overconsumption and energy restriction. Many strategies focus on improving energy balance to achieve successful weight loss. One of the strategies to lower energy intake is refraining from sugars and replacing them with artificial sweeteners, which maintain the palatability without ingesting calories. Nevertheless, the safety and health benefits of artificial sweeteners consumption remain a topic of debate within the scientific community and society at large. Notably, artificial sweeteners are metabolized differently from each other due to their different properties. Therefore, the difference in metabolic fate of artificial sweeteners may underlie conflicting findings that have been reported related to their effects on body weight control, glucose homeostasis, and underlying biological mechanisms. Thus, extrapolation of the metabolic effects of a single artificial sweetener to all artificial sweeteners is not appropriate. Although many rodent studies have assessed the metabolic effects of artificial sweeteners, long-term studies in humans are scarce. The majority of clinical studies performed thus far report no significant effects or beneficial effects of artificial sweeteners on body weight and glycemic control, but it should be emphasized that the study duration of most studies was limited. Clearly, further well-controlled, long-term human studies investigating the effects of different artificial sweeteners and their impact on gut microbiota, body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are warranted.
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Non-caloric sweeteners can lead to increased hunger and have an association with obesity in some studies.
“patients should be advised of the possibility of higher sugar content or the presence of non-caloric sweeteners, which for some patients can lead to increased hunger and have an association with obesity in some studies [147]”
From Lifestyle Medicine for Obesity in the Era of Highly Effective Anti-Obesity Treatment (2025) · cites this paper as [147]
The Introduction reports that some observational studies link artificial-sweetener consumption with obesity, while cautioning that reverse causation may explain the association. The Reward section does not establish increased hunger: it describes effects on hunger as controversial and reports two human crossover studies finding no effect on appetite. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Pang, M. D., Goossens, G. H., & Blaak, E. E.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Pang, Michelle D.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Nutrition
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2021-01-07
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 598340-598340
- ISSN
- 2296-861X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7817779
- OpenAlex
- W3118800583
- Cited by
- 180
- References
- 192
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 11 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 4.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Frontiers in Nutrition (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- artificial sweeteners, weight management, glucose homeostasis, obesity, energy balance, gut microbiota, glycemic control, non-communicable diseases, caloric restriction
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