Sweetened beverage consumption, incident coronary heart disease, and biomarkers of risk in men
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with weight gain and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Few studies have tested for a relationship with coronary heart disease (CHD) or intermediate biomarkers. The role of artificially sweetened beverages is also unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed an analysis of the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, a prospective cohort study including 42 883 men. Associations of cumulatively averaged sugar-sweetened (eg, sodas) and artificially sweetened (eg, diet sodas) beverage intake with incident fatal and nonfatal CHD (myocardial infarction) were examined with proportional hazard models. There were 3683 CHD cases over 22 years of follow-up. Participants in the top quartile of sugar-sweetened beverage intake had a 20% higher relative risk of CHD than those in the bottom quartile (relative risk=1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.33; P for trend <0.01) after adjustment for age, smoking, physical activity, alcohol, multivitamins, family history, diet quality, energy intake, body mass index, pre-enrollment weight change, and dieting. Artificially sweetened beverage consumption was not significantly associated with CHD (multivariate relative risk=1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.12; P for trend=0.28). Adjustment for self-reported high cholesterol, high triglycerides, high blood pressure, and diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus slightly attenuated these associations. Intake of sugar-sweetened but not artificially sweetened beverages was significantly associated with increased plasma triglycerides, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 and decreased high-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein(a), and leptin (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages was associated with increased risk of CHD and some adverse changes in lipids, inflammatory factors, and leptin. Artificially sweetened beverage intake was not associated with CHD risk or biomarkers.
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Both the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and the Nurses' Health Study find a ≈20% increased CHD risk in the highest category of SSB consumption compared with the lowest category.
“Both the HPFS and the NHS find a ≈20% increased CHD risk in the highest category of SSB consumption compared with the lowest category (132,133);”
From Food Consumption and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease: Importance of Solutions Focused on the Globalized Food System (2015) · cites this paper as [132]
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- Authors
- de Koning, L., Malik, V. S., Kellogg, M. D., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- From the Departments of Nutrition (L.d.K., V.S.M., E.B.R., W.C.W., F.B.H.) and Epidemiology (E.B.R., W.C.W., F.B.H.), Harvard School of Public Health; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston MA (L.d.K., M.D.K.); and Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.B.R., W.C.W., F.B.H.).
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2012-04-10
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 1735-1741
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC3368965
- OpenAlex
- W2133472518
- Cited by
- 503
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 41 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 42 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 42.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-11181, R01AA011181)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL060712, R01HL035464, HL35464)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-55075, P01CA055075)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, DK58845)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
- Keywords
- sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular risk markers, plasma triglycerides, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF receptor, high-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein(a), leptin, inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Beverages, Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk, Sweetening Agents, Cohort Studies, Biomarkers, Proportional Hazards Models
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