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Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and the immune system: experimental data and clinical evidence
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The intestinal immune system is constantly exposed to foreign antigens, which for the most part should be tolerated. Certain probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are able to influence immune responses. In this review, we highlight the recent publications (within the last 2 years) that have substantially progressed this field. RECENT FINDINGS: The immunological mechanisms underpinning probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics effects continue to be better defined with novel mechanisms being described for dendritic cells, epithelial cells, T regulatory cells, effector lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, and B cells. Many of the mechanisms being described are bacterial strain or metabolite specific, and should not be extrapolated to other probiotics or prebiotics. In addition, the timing of intervention seems to be important, with potentially the greatest effects being observed early in life. SUMMARY: In this review, we discuss the recent findings relating to probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, specifically their effects on immunological functions.
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“Probiotics can increase the number of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) in lamina propria and enhance their function in the intestine for a period of time.”
From Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Frei, R., Akdis, M., & O’Mahony, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- O’Mahony, Liam
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 153-158
- ISSN
- 0267-1379 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2329508959
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 8
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.zora.uzh.ch
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- European Commission (260895, 261357)
- Christine Kühne – Center for Allergy Research and Education
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Keywords
- prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, intestinal immunity, immune tolerance, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, regulatory T cells, NKT cells, B cells, bacterial metabolites, intervention timing, early life
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Immunity, Innate, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Probiotics, Gastrointestinal Tract, Prebiotics, Immunomodulation, Synbiotics
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