The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 74 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brains With Medial Temporal Lobe Neurofibrillary Tangles But No Neuritic Amyloid Plaques Are a Diagnostic Dilemma But May Have Pathogenetic Aspects Distinct From Alzheimer Disease
Open accessAbstract
Brains that have many neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in medial temporal lobe structures (Braak stage III or IV) but no cortical neuritic plaques (NPs) may be a diagnostic dilemma; they also raise questions about the amyloid cascade hypothesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) in which NFT development is thought to occur downstream of the development of amyloid plaques. To determine the clinical, demographic, and biological factors related to NFT+/NP- cases, we analyzed 26 NFT+/NP- patient brains identified from the University of Kentucky AD Center autopsy cohort (n=502); most of these patients were at least 85 years old and lacked profound antemortem cognitive impairment. A subset of the cases had NFTs in the medulla oblongata. Aberrant trans-activator regulatory DNA-binding protein 43 immunohistochemical staining was seen in 5 of the 26 cases with the clinical diagnoses of AD or mild cognitive impairment. We also queried cases in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Registry (n=5,108) and found 219 NFT+/NP- cases. Those patients had a relatively high likelihood of belonging to a birth cohort with the highest incidence of influenza infection during the 1918 to 1919 pandemic. This observation may link the pathogenesis in NFT+/NP- cases to encephalitis during childhood. We conclude that NFT+/NP- cases comprise approximately 5% of aged individuals in multiple data sets; these cases are not necessarily within the spectrum of AD.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition, mesial temporal lobe NFTs in the absence of substantial Aβ or neuritic plaque can occur in older individuals without cognitive impairment, those with mild impairment, or those with cognitive impairment associated with other causes than AD.”
From Positron Emission Tomography Imaging With [ 18 F]flortaucipir and Postmortem Assessment of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
In the citing paper
“Recently, it has been reported that NFTs are also very common in certain brainstem nuclei in subjects without dementia (39-44).”
From Correlation of Alzheimer Disease Neuropathologic Changes With Cognitive Status: A Review of the Literature (2012) · cites this paper as [41]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1991) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00308809 · Cited by 16,123
Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Neumann, M., Sampathu, D. M., Kwong, L. K., Truax, A. C., Micsenyi, M. C., Chou, T. T., Bruce, J., Schuck, T., Grossman, M., Clark, C. M., et al. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1134108 · Cited by 6,576
Arai, T., Hasegawa, M., Akiyama, H., Ikeda, K., Nonaka, T., Mori, H., Mann, D., Tsuchiya, K., Yoshida, M., Hashizume, Y., et al. (2006) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.093 · Cited by 2,732
Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease
Arriagada, P. V., Growdon, J. H., Hedley-Whyte, E. T., & Hyman, B. T. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.3.631 · Cited by 2,668
Staging of alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary changes
Braak, H., & Braak, E. (1995) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(95)00021-6 · Cited by 2,357
A Century of Alzheimer's Disease
Goedert, M., & Spillantini, M. G. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1132814 · Cited by 2,150
1918 Influenza: the Mother of All Pandemics
Taubenberger, J. K., & Morens, D. M. (2006) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1201.050979 · Cited by 1,686
Brain Infarction and the Clinical Expression of Alzheimer Disease<subtitle>The Nun Study</subtitle>
Snowdon, D. A. (1997) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540340047031 · Cited by 1,590
HYMAN, B. T., & TROJANOWSKI, J. Q. (1997) · Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199710000-00002 · Cited by 1,542
Holmes, C., Boche, D., Wilkinson, D., Yadegarfar, G., Hopkins, V., Bayer, A., Jones, R. W., Bullock, R., Love, S., Neal, J. W., et al. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61075-2 · Cited by 1,416 · cited 1×
“Furthermore, there is suggestion from human A-beta vaccination studies that amyloid-negative NFT-positive cases can progress to end-stage AD (67).”
Consensus Recommendations for the Postmortem Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
(1997) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00057-2 · Cited by 981
Brain infarction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease. The Nun Study.
Snowdon, D. A., Greiner, L. H., Mortimer, J. A., et al. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 846
Snowdon, D. A. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03530310034029 · Cited by 696
Brain Infarction and the Clinical Expression of Alzheimer Disease-Reply
Snowdon, D. A. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550020046024 · Cited by 683
Neuropathology and Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer Disease: A Complex but Coherent Relationship
Nelson, P. T., Braak, H., & Markesbery, W. R. (2009) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181919a48 · Cited by 643
Self-citationNeuropathologic Features of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
Petersen, R. C., Parisi, J. E., Dickson, D. W., Johnson, K. A., Knopman, D. S., Boeve, B. F., Jicha, G. A., Ivnik, R. J., Smith, G. E., Tangalos, E. G., et al. (2006) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.63.5.665 · Cited by 616
Self-citationHydrofluoric acid-treated tau PHF proteins display the same biochemical properties as normal tau.
Greenberg, S. G., Davies, P., Schein, J., & Binder, L. I. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48531-6 · Cited by 542
Mild cognitive impairment is related to Alzheimer disease pathology and cerebral infarctions
Bennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., Bienias, J. L., Evans, D. A., & Wilson, R. S. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000152982.47274.9e · Cited by 537
Bennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., Wilson, R. S., Bienias, J. L., & Arnold, S. E. (2004) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.61.3.378 · Cited by 526
Alzheimer's disease: The amyloid cascade hypothesis: An update and reappraisal
Hardy, J. (2006) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2006-9s317 · Cited by 475
Alafuzoff, I., Arzberger, T., Al‐Sarraj, S., Bodi, I., Bogdanovic, N., Braak, H., Bugiani, O., Del‐Tredici, K., Ferrer, I., Gelpi, E., et al. (2008) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00147.x · Cited by 467
Neuropathologic Substrate of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Markesbery, W. R., Schmitt, F. A., Kryscio, R. J., Davis, D. G., Smith, C. D., & Wekstein, D. R. (2006) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.63.1.38 · Cited by 460
Self-citationThe National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Database: an Alzheimer disease database.
Beekly, D. L., Ramos, E. M., van Belle, G., Deitrich, W. D., Clark, A. D., Jacka, M. E., & Kukull, W. A. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 371
Nelson, P. T., Jicha, G. A., Schmitt, F. A., Liu, H., Davis, D. G., Mendiondo, M. S., Abner, E. L., & Markesbery, W. R. (2007) · Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e31815c5efb · Cited by 292
Self-citationNagy, Z., Esiri, M. M., Jobst, K. A., Morris, J. H., King, E. M.-F., McDonald, B., Litchfield, S., Smith, A. D., Barnetson, L. P. D., & Smith, A. D. (1995) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000106918 · Cited by 283
Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles in diseases other than senile and presenile dementia
Wisniewski, K. E., Jervis, G. A., Moretz, R. C., & Wı́sniewski, H. M. (1979) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410050311 · Cited by 281
Neurodegenerative disorders with extensive tau pathology: A comparative study and review
Feany, M. Β., & Dickson, D. W. (1996) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410400204 · Cited by 280
Williams, D. R. (2006) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01153.x · Cited by 259
Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: significance, etiopathogenesis, therapeutics and prevention
Iqbal, K., & Grundke, I. (2008) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00225.x · Cited by 242
Nelson, P. T., Abner, E. L., Schmitt, F. A., Kryscio, R. J., Jicha, G. A., Smith, C. D., Davis, D. G., Poduska, J. W., Patel, E., Mendiondo, M. S., et al. (2010) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2008.00244.x · Cited by 239
Self-citationMirra, S. S. (1997) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(97)00058-4 · Cited by 236
Moisse, K., Volkening, K., Leystra-Lantz, C., Welch, I., Hill, T., & Strong, M. J. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.10.021 · Cited by 210
Alzheimer disease pathology as a host response
Castellani, R. J., Lee, H.-G., Zhu, X., Perry, G., & Smith, M. A. (2008) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e318177eaf4 · Cited by 171
Neurofibrillary tangle-predominant dementia: comparison with classical Alzheimer disease
Jellinger, K. A., & Attems, J. (2006) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-006-0156-7 · Cited by 159
Influenza-associated central nervous system dysfunction: A literature review
Toovey, S. (2008) · Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2008.03.003 · Cited by 146
Bancher, C., & Jellinger, K. A. (1994) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00296494 · Cited by 115
McCall, S. A., Henry, J. M., Reid, A. H., & Taubenberger, J. K. (2001) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/60.7.696 · Cited by 113
Experimenting on the Past: The Enigma of von Economo's Encephalitis Lethargica
Reid, A. H., McCall, S. A., Henry, J. M., & Taubenberger, J. K. (2001) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/60.7.663 · Cited by 112
Taubenberger, J. K., & Morens, D. M. (2006) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1201.051442 · Cited by 111
Nelson, P. T., & Keller, J. N. (2007) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000240474.27791.f3 · Cited by 110
Self-citationCellular tau pathology and immunohistochemical study of tau isoforms in sporadic tauopathies
Yoshida, M. (2006) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1789.2006.00743.x · Cited by 110
Postencephalitic parkinsonism – a review
Casals, J., Elizan, T. S., & Yahr, M. D. (1998) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s007020050086 · Cited by 108
Rüb, U., Tredici, K. D., Schultz, C., Thal, D. R., Braak, E., & Braak, H. (2001) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s004010000320 · Cited by 96
Neuropathology of mild cognitive impairment
Saito, Y., & Murayama, S. (2007) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1789.2007.00806.x · Cited by 92
Brain Donation in Normal Aging
Schmitt, F. A., Wetherby, M. M. C., Wekstein, D. R., DEARTH, C., & Markesbery, W. R. (2001) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/41.6.716 · Cited by 88
Self-citationPlaques and tangles and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Armstrong, R. A. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 87
The Review of “The relationship between encephalitis lethargica and influenza: A critical analysis”
McCall, S. A., Vilensky, J. A., Gilman, S., & Taubenberger, J. K. (2008) · Journal of NeuroVirology · doi:10.1080/13550280801995445 · Cited by 85
Abundant neurofibrillary tangles without senile plaques in a subset of patients with senile dementia
ULRICH, J. (1992) · Neurodegeneration · Cited by 76
Buée‐Scherrer, V., Buée, L., Leveugle, B., Perl, D. P., Vermersch, P., Hof, P. R., & Delacourte, A. (1997) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410420312 · Cited by 71
Clinical Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer Disease: Still Good After All These Years
Ranginwala, N., Hynan, L. S., Weiner, M., & White, C. L. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e3181629971 · Cited by 70
Nelson, P. T., Abner, E. L., Scheff, S. W., Schmitt, F. A., Kryscio, R. J., Jicha, G. A., Smith, C. D., Patel, E., & Markesbery, W. R. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.11.006 · Cited by 70
Self-citationChildren and Encephalitis Lethargica: A Historical Review
Vilensky, J. A., Foley, P. B., & Gilman, S. (2007) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.04.012 · Cited by 63
Giannakopoulos, P., Hof, P. R., Surini, M., Michel, J., & Bouras, C. (1993) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00334669 · Cited by 61
Sumi, H., Kato, S., Mochimaru, Y., Fujimura, H., Etoh, M., & Sakoda, S. (2008) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181919cb5 · Cited by 56
Progress from Alzheimer's tangles to pathological tau points towards more effective therapies now
Lee, V. M. ‐., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2006) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2006-9s328 · Cited by 55
Tagliavini, F., Giaccone, G., Prelli, F., Verga, L., Porro, M., Trojanowski, J., Farlow, M., Frangione, B., Ghetti, B., & Bugiani, O. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90226-d · Cited by 51
Pei, J.-J., Sjögren, M., & Winblad, B. (2008) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e328314b78b · Cited by 49
Noda, K., Sasaki, K., Fujimi, K., Wakisaka, Y., Tanizaki, Y., Wakugawa, Y., Kiyohara, Y., Iida, M., Aizawa, H., & Iwaki, T. (2006) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1789.2006.00722.x · Cited by 49
Serum zinc, senile plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles
Tully, C. L., Snowdon, D. A., & Markesbery, W. R. (1995) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199511000-00002 · Cited by 44
Self-citationCases and Deaths During Influenza Pandemics in the United States
Brundage, J. F. (2006) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.04.005 · Cited by 42
Hyperphosphorylated tau is a cause of neuronal dysfunction in tauopathy
Takashima, A. (2008) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2008-14403 · Cited by 40
Ishii, T., & Nakamura, Y. (1981) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00691532 · Cited by 39
Senile Dementia of the Neurofibrillary Tangle Type: A Comparison with Alzheimer’s Disease
Yamada, M., Itoh, Y., Sodeyama, N., Suematsu, N., Otomo, E., Matsushita, M., & Mizusawa, H. (2001) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000051245 · Cited by 36
Supranuclear gaze palsy and eyelid apraxia in postencephalitic parkinsonism
Wenning, G. K., Jellinger, K. A., & Litvan, I. (1997) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/bf01285553 · Cited by 36
Yudofsky, S. C. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2008.980 · Cited by 30
Iseki, E., Tsunoda, S., Suzuki, K., Takayama, N., Akatsu, H., Yamamoto, T., & Kosaka, K. (2002) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1046/j.0919-6544.2001.00425.x · Cited by 27
Assessing the Toxicity of Tau Aggregation
Rankin, C. A., & Gamblin, T. C. (2008) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2008-14408 · Cited by 26
Paula-Barbosa, M. M., Brito, R., Silva, C. A., Faria, R., & Cruz, C. (1979) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00691159 · Cited by 23
An immunohistochemical study of neurofibrillary tangle formation in post-encephalitic Parkinsonism.
Wong, K., Allen, I. V., McQuaid, S., & McConnell, R. S. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 20
Tau pathology and neurodegeneration: An obvious but misunderstood link
Delacourte, A. (2008) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2008-14412 · Cited by 18
Jellinger, K. A. (2001) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1093/jnen/60.11.1121 · Cited by 11
Clinicopathologic's Investigations of Atypic's Senile Dementia of 'Szheimer Type
Amano, N., Mizutani, T., Otani, T., Kase, A., Saitoh, A., Matsushita, M., & Yagishita, S. (1994) · Neuropathology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1789.1994.tb00248.x · Cited by 8
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hyman, B. T., Phelps, C. H., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., Cairns, N. J., Carrillo, M. C., Dickson, D. W., Duyckaerts, C., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., et al. (2012) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.10.007 · Cited by 3,092
Self-citationMontine, T. J., Phelps, C. H., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., Cairns, N. J., Dickson, D. W., Duyckaerts, C., Frosch, M. P., Masliah, E., Mirra, S. S., et al. (2012) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-011-0910-3 · Cited by 2,894
“[57] c Neuritic plaque score should be determined by the method of CERAD [41] d Medial temporal lobe NFTs in the absence of significant Ab or neuritic plaques occurs in older people and may be seen in individuals without cognitive impairment, with mild impairment, or with cognitive impairment from causes other than AD…”
Self-citationNelson, P. T., Alafuzoff, I., Bigio, E. H., Bouras, C., Braak, H., Cairns, N. J., Castellani, R. J., Crain, B. J., Davies, P., Tredici, K. D., et al. (2012) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e31825018f7 · Cited by 2,050
Self-citationPrimary age-related tauopathy (PART): a common pathology associated with human aging
Crary, J. F., Trojanowski, J. Q., Schneider, J. A., Abisambra, J. F., Abner, E. L., Alafuzoff, I., Arnold, S. E., Attems, J., Beach, T. G., Bigio, E. H., et al. (2014) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-014-1349-0 · Cited by 1,467
Self-citationTau positron emission tomographic imaging in aging and early Alzheimer disease
Johnson, K. A., Schultz, A., Betensky, R. A., Becker, J. A., Sepulcre, J., Rentz, D., Mormino, E., Chhatwal, J., Amariglio, R., Papp, K., et al. (2016) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24546 · Cited by 986
Metadata
- Authors
- Nelson, P. T., Abner, E. L., Schmitt, F. A., Kryscio, R. J., Jicha, G. A., Santacruz, K., Smith, C. D., Patel, E., & Markesbery, W. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nelson, Peter T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 774-784
- ISSN
- 0022-3069 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-6578
- PMC
- PMC2725359
- OpenAlex
- W2040124543
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 4.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (AG028 383, NS061933)
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG028383, U01AG016976)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS061933, K08NS050110)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, Alzheimer's disease, medial temporal lobe, amyloid hypothesis, tau protein, medulla oblongata, pediatric encephalitis, mild cognitive impairment, differential diagnosis, Braak staging
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Influenza, Human, Male, Neurons, Temporal Lobe, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Neurofibrillary Tangles, Plaque, Amyloid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
