A simple visual system without neurons in jellyfish larvae
Open accessAbstract
Earlier detailed studies of cnidarian planula larvae have revealed a simple nervous system but no eyes or identifiable light sensing structures. Here, we describe the planula of a box jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora, and report that these larvae have an extremely simple organization with no nervous system at all. Their only advanced feature is the presence of 10-15 pigment-cup ocelli, evenly spaced across the posterior half of the larval ectoderm. The ocelli are single cell structures containing a cup of screening pigment filled with presumably photosensory microvilli. These rhabdomeric photoreceptors have no neural connections to any other cells, but each has a well-developed motor-cilium, appearing to be the only means by which light can control the behaviour of the larva. The ocelli are thus self-contained sensory-motor entities, making a nervous system superfluous.
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Such a transformation probably also happened in the case of photoreceptors, which started as cell-autonomous sensory-motor units and evolved into sensory-motor neurons regulating ciliary bands.
“Such a transformation probably also happened in the case of photoreceptors, which started as cell-autonomous sensory-motor units [36,38,44] and evolved into sensory-motor neurons regulating ciliary bands (figure 2b).”
From Origin and early evolution of neural circuits for the control of ciliary locomotion (2011) · cites this paper as [38]
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Developmentally timed sensory integration enables efficient larval dispersal
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- Authors
- Nordström, K., Wallén, Seymour, J., & Nilsson, D.
- Affiliations
- Lund University (SE)
- James Cook University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Nilsson, D.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2003-11-22
- Volume
- 270
- Issue
- 1531
- Pages
- 2349-2354
- ISSN
- 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
- 0962-8452
- 1471-2954
- PMC
- PMC1691513
- OpenAlex
- W2018680074
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Marine Invertebrate Physiology and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
- Keywords
- box jellyfish, Tripedalia cystophora, planula larvae, rhabdomeric photoreceptors, optical sensing, nervous system evolution, larval behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Larva, Microscopy, Electron, Pigments, Biological, Vision, Ocular, Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate, Scyphozoa
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