PreprintCited by 68SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Researchvaccines and immunoinformatics approachesAnimal Virus Infections Studies

Post-vaccination Omicron infections induce broader immunity across antigenic space than prototype mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination or primary infection

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Wang, Wei, Lusvarghi, Sabrina, Subramanian, Rahul, Epsi, Nusrat J., Wang, Richard, Goguet, Emilie, Fries, Anthony C, Echegaray, Fernando +33 more·2022·Cell Host & Microbe

Preprint — published as 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.012

Abstract

Summary: The rapid emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges vaccination strategies. Here, we measured antigenic diversity among variants and interpreted neutralizing antibody responses following single and multiple exposures in longitudinal infection and vaccine cohorts. Antigenic cartography using primary infection antisera showed that BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 are distinct from BA.1 and closer to the Beta cluster. Three doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine increased breadth to BA.1 more than to BA.4/BA.5 or BA.2.12.1. Omicron BA.1 post-vaccination infection elicited antibody landscapes characterized by broader immunity across antigenic space than three doses alone, although with less breadth than expected to BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5. Those with Omicron BA.1 infection after two or three vaccinations had similar neutralizing titer magnitude and antigenic breadth. Accounting for antigenic differences among variants of concern when interpreting neutralizing antibody titers aids understanding of complex patterns in humoral immunity and informs selection of future COVID-19 vaccine strains.

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  1. Atmar, R.L., Lyke, K.E., Deming, M.E., Jackson, L.A., Branche, A.R., El Sahly, H.M., Rostad, C.A., Martin, J.M., Johnston, C., Rupp, R.E., et al. (2021). Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccinations: Preliminary Report. medRxiv, 2021.2010.2010.21264827. 10.1101/2021.10.10.21264827. · DOI

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Authors
Wang, W., Lusvarghi, S., Subramanian, R., Epsi, N. J., Wang, R., Goguet, E., Fries, A. C., Echegaray, F., Vassell, R., Coggins, S., Richard, S. A., Lindholm, D. A., Mende, K., Ewers, E., Larson, D., Colombo, R. E., Colombo, C., Joseph, J. O., Rozman, J., Smith, A., Lalani, T., Berjohn, C., Maves, R., Jones, M., Mody, R., Huprikar, N., Livezey, J., Saunders, D., Hollis-Perry, M., Wang, G., Ganesan, A., Simons, M. P., Broder, C. C., Tribble, D., Laing, E. D., Agan, B., Burgess, T. H., Mitre, E., Pollett, S. D., Katzelnick, L. C., & Weiss, C. D.
Affiliations
  • Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Henry M. Jackson Foundation (US)
  • Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (US)
  • Brooke Army Medical Center (US)
  • Alexander T. Augusta Military Medical Center (US)
  • Madigan Army Medical Center (US)
  • Naval Medical Center Portsmouth (US)
  • Naval Medical Center San Diego (US)
  • Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
  • Tripler Army Medical Center (US)
  • William Beaumont Army Medical Center (US)
  • Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (US)
  • Naval Medical Research Command (US)
  • General Dynamics (United States) (US)
Corresponding author
  • Pollett, Simon D.
  • Katzelnick, Leah C.
  • Weiss, Carol D.
Venue
Cell Host & Microbe
Publisher
openRxiv
Published
2022-07-06
Volume
30
Issue
12
Pages
1745-1758.e7
ISSN
1931-3128 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4307052515
Cited by
68
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 4
FWCI
7.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • Cell Host & Microbe (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  • Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HU00012020067, HU00012120104, HU00011920111, Y01 AI005072)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
Keywords
SARS-CoV-2, Omicron variant, antigenic cartography, neutralizing antibodies, humoral immunity, COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike protein mutations, Omicron subvariants, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, BA.2.12.1, vaccine strain selection, natural infection
MeSH terms
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Antibodies, Viral, Humans, Vaccination, Antibodies, Neutralizing

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