Post-vaccination Omicron infections induce broader immunity across antigenic space than prototype mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination or primary infection
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.012
Abstract
Summary: The rapid emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges vaccination strategies. Here, we measured antigenic diversity among variants and interpreted neutralizing antibody responses following single and multiple exposures in longitudinal infection and vaccine cohorts. Antigenic cartography using primary infection antisera showed that BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 are distinct from BA.1 and closer to the Beta cluster. Three doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine increased breadth to BA.1 more than to BA.4/BA.5 or BA.2.12.1. Omicron BA.1 post-vaccination infection elicited antibody landscapes characterized by broader immunity across antigenic space than three doses alone, although with less breadth than expected to BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5. Those with Omicron BA.1 infection after two or three vaccinations had similar neutralizing titer magnitude and antigenic breadth. Accounting for antigenic differences among variants of concern when interpreting neutralizing antibody titers aids understanding of complex patterns in humoral immunity and informs selection of future COVID-19 vaccine strains.
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The difference in neutralization between BA.1 and BA.4/5 is substantially less than the difference in neutralization observed between BA.1 and previous variants of concern (Alpha and Delta).
“Of note, this difference in neutralization between BA.1 and BA.4/5 is substantially less than the difference in neutralization that was observed between BA.1 and previous variants of concern (e.g., Alpha and Delta) [19,20].”
From Assessing COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against Omicron subvariants: Report from a meeting of the World Health Organization (2023) · cites this paper as [19]
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Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antigenicity across Assays and in Human and Animal Model SeraPreprint
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Self-citationContext-flexible cartography with Siamese topological neural networks
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Durable reprogramming of neutralising antibody responses following breakthrough Omicron infectionPreprint
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SARS-CoV-2 in Animal Companions: A Serosurvey in Three Regions of Southern Italy
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Self-citationChallenges in Humoral Immune Response to Adeno-Associated Viruses Determination
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Estimating SARS-CoV-2 reinfection frequency and infection incidence: A modeling study
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- Authors
- Wang, W., Lusvarghi, S., Subramanian, R., Epsi, N. J., Wang, R., Goguet, E., Fries, A. C., Echegaray, F., Vassell, R., Coggins, S., Richard, S. A., Lindholm, D. A., Mende, K., Ewers, E., Larson, D., Colombo, R. E., Colombo, C., Joseph, J. O., Rozman, J., Smith, A., Lalani, T., Berjohn, C., Maves, R., Jones, M., Mody, R., Huprikar, N., Livezey, J., Saunders, D., Hollis-Perry, M., Wang, G., Ganesan, A., Simons, M. P., Broder, C. C., Tribble, D., Laing, E. D., Agan, B., Burgess, T. H., Mitre, E., Pollett, S. D., Katzelnick, L. C., & Weiss, C. D.
- Affiliations
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation (US)
- Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (US)
- Brooke Army Medical Center (US)
- Alexander T. Augusta Military Medical Center (US)
- Madigan Army Medical Center (US)
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth (US)
- Naval Medical Center San Diego (US)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
- Tripler Army Medical Center (US)
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center (US)
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (US)
- Naval Medical Research Command (US)
- General Dynamics (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pollett, Simon D.
- Katzelnick, Leah C.
- Weiss, Carol D.
- ORCID
- Wang, Wei
- Lusvarghi, Sabrina
- Subramanian, Rahul
- Epsi, Nusrat J.
- Goguet, Emilie
- Fries, Anthony C
- Vassell, Russell
- Coggins, Si’Ana
- Richard, Stephanie A.
- Lindholm, David A.
- Ewers, Evan
- Larson, Derek
- Colombo, Rhonda E.
- Colombo, Christopher
- Rozman, Julia
- Lalani, Tahaniyat
- Berjohn, Catherine
- Maves, Ryan
- Jones, Milissa
- Mody, Rupal
- Livezey, Jeffrey
- Saunders, David
- Hollis-Perry, Monique
- Wang, Gregory
- Simons, Mark P.
- Broder, Christopher C.
- Tribble, David
- Laing, Eric D.
- Agan, Brian
- Burgess, Timothy H.
- Mitre, Edward
- Pollett, Simon D.
- Katzelnick, Leah C.
- Weiss, Carol D.
- Venue
- Cell Host & Microbe
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2022-07-06
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1745-1758.e7
- ISSN
- 1931-3128 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9584854
- OpenAlex
- W4307052515
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 7.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Cell Host & Microbe (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HU00012020067, HU00012120104, HU00011920111, Y01 AI005072)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, Omicron variant, antigenic cartography, neutralizing antibodies, humoral immunity, COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike protein mutations, Omicron subvariants, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, BA.2.12.1, vaccine strain selection, natural infection
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccines, Antibodies, Viral, Humans, Vaccination, Antibodies, Neutralizing
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