Tumor Endothelial Cells
Open accessAbstract
The vascular endothelium is a dynamic cellular "organ" that controls passage of nutrients into tissues, maintains the flow of blood, and regulates the trafficking of leukocytes. In tumors, factors such as hypoxia and chronic growth factor stimulation result in endothelial dysfunction. For example, tumor blood vessels have irregular diameters; they are fragile, leaky, and blood flow is abnormal. There is now good evidence that these abnormalities in the tumor endothelium contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, determining the biological basis underlying these abnormalities is critical for understanding the pathophysiology of tumor progression and facilitating the design and delivery of effective antiangiogenic therapies.
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TECs are involved in angiogenesis to support primary tumor growth and also promote tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance.
“TECs are not only involved in the angiogenesis process to support primary tumor growth, but also promote tumor progression, metastasis and drug resistance [41].”
From Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance (2020) · cites this paper as [41]
The section “TEC Abnormalities May Contribute to Tumor Progression” links abnormal tumor vessels to invasion and metastasis, and describes a hypothesis that vessel leakiness impairs chemotherapy delivery. The paper also discusses TEC involvement in angiogenesis, but it does not establish the stronger claim that TECs promote drug resistance; its account of impaired drug delivery is explicitly hypothetical. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCompared to normal endothelial cells, tumor-derived endothelial cells have disturbed morphology and phenotypes at the cellular and molecular levels, similar to the tumor itself.
“Compared to normal ECs, tumor-derived endothelial cells (TECs) have a disturbed morphology and phenotypes at the cellular and molecular levels, similar to the tumor itself [40–42].”
From Tumor microenvironment complexity and therapeutic implications at a glance (2020) · cites this paper as [41]
The “Defective Endothelial Monolayer” section contrasts normal endothelial cells with TECs of irregular shape and size, while “Studies of Isolated Tumor Endothelial Cells” describes altered molecular signatures. The copy does not establish that TEC morphology and phenotypes are similar to those of the tumor itself. Page numbers were not available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredHemodynamic instability contributes to regional hypoxia and impedes uniform distribution of therapeutics, reducing drug delivery efficacy and promoting resistance.
“The resulting hemodynamic instability contributes to regional hypoxia and impedes the uniform distribution of therapeutics, thereby reducing drug delivery efficacy and promoting resistance [54].”
From Modeling Tumor Microenvironment Complexity In Vitro: Spheroids as Physiologically Relevant Tumor Models and Strategies for Their Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
In “What Are the Causes of These Abnormalities?”, the paper says impaired blood flow causes hypoxia and hypoperfusion. In “TEC Abnormalities May Contribute to Tumor Progression,” it reports that vessel leakiness may impair chemotherapy delivery. The copy does not establish that this hemodynamic instability promotes treatment resistance, and it does not explicitly describe uniform therapeutic distribution. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTumor-associated blood vessels are structurally aberrant, displaying irregular diameters, lack of hierarchical architecture, and increased permeability and fragility.
“Unlike normal vasculature, tumor-associated blood vessels are structurally aberrant [54]. They display irregular diameters, lack the hierarchical architecture typical of the arterial-arteriolar-capillary network, and exhibit increased permeability and fragility [55,56].”
From Modeling Tumor Microenvironment Complexity In Vitro: Spheroids as Physiologically Relevant Tumor Models and Strategies for Their Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
These vascular abnormalities result in heterogeneous blood flow, with some vessels poorly perfused or non-functional and others showing turbulent or reversed flow patterns.
“These abnormalities result in heterogeneous blood flow, with some vessels being poorly perfused or entirely non-functional, while others demonstrate turbulent or reversed flow patterns.”
From Modeling Tumor Microenvironment Complexity In Vitro: Spheroids as Physiologically Relevant Tumor Models and Strategies for Their Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [54]
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- Authors
- Dudley, A. C.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dudley, A. C.
- Venue
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 2011-10-18
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- a006536-a006536
- ISSN
- 2157-1422 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3282494
- OpenAlex
- W4300118195
- Cited by
- 424
- References
- 162
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (R00CA140708, K99CA140708, CA140708, R01CA177875)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Keywords
- tumor endothelial cells, tumor vasculature, endothelial dysfunction, tumor hypoxia, metastasis, tumor growth, anti-angiogenic therapy, vascular endothelium
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Blood Vessels, Endothelium, Vascular, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Venules, Disease Progression, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Angiogenesis Inhibitors, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Endothelial Cells, Tumor Microenvironment
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