Cited by 646Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancerHedgehog Signaling Pathway StudiesDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

Secreted and transmembrane wnt inhibitors and activators

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Cruciat, C.-M., Niehrs, C.·2013·Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Abstract

Signaling by the Wnt family of secreted glycoproteins plays important roles in embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Wnt signaling is modulated by a number of evolutionarily conserved inhibitors and activators. Wnt inhibitors belong to small protein families, including sFRP, Dkk, WIF, Wise/SOST, Cerberus, IGFBP, Shisa, Waif1, APCDD1, and Tiki1. Their common feature is to antagonize Wnt signaling by preventing ligand-receptor interactions or Wnt receptor maturation. Conversely, the Wnt activators, R-spondin and Norrin, promote Wnt signaling by binding to Wnt receptors or releasing a Wnt-inhibitory step. With few exceptions, these antagonists and agonists are not pure Wnt modulators, but also affect additional signaling pathways, such as TGF-β and FGF signaling. Here we discuss their interactions with Wnt ligands and Wnt receptors, their role in developmental processes, as well as their implication in disease.

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Authors
Cruciat, C.-M., & Niehrs, C.
Affiliations
German Cancer Research Center (DE)
Venue
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
Published
2012-10-19
Volume
5
Issue
3
Pages
a015081-a015081
ISSN
1943-0264 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2135914580
Cited by
646
References
241
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 59 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 3
Type
posted content
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Hedgehog Signaling Pathway Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
Wnt signaling, Wnt inhibitors, secreted glycoprotein, secreted frizzled-related proteins, Cerberus, IGF binding proteins, APCDD1, R-spondin, Norrin, Wnt receptors, ligand-receptor interactions, TGF-beta signaling, FGF signaling, embryonic development, disease
MeSH terms
Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins, Models, Biological, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Xenopus Proteins, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Embryonic Development, Wnt Proteins, Wnt Signaling Pathway, Receptors, Wnt

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