Sleep enhances knowledge of routes and regions in spatial environments

“Payne et al. (2009) showed, for example, that sleep favored false memory of words when these words pertained to the superordinate semantic categories of previously learned, semantically structured word lists (see also Diekelmann et al. 2010).”

“We have argued above that human spatial navigation is a highly complex behavior, which depends on a variety of different processes (Wolbers and Hegarty 2010), strategies (Hartley et al. 2003; Iaria et al. 2003), and representations of space (Hartley et al. 2014).”

“Evidence showing an impact of sleep on spatial memory performance in humans is mixed, however, showing either beneficial (Ferrara et al. 2008; Wamsley et al. 2010; Nguyen et al. 2013) or no effects of sleep (Peigneux et al. 2004; Orban et al. 2006; Rauchs et al. 2008; Javadi et al. 2015).”

“…from the continuous stream of episodic experience, the formation of representations of environmental regions constitutes a process of abstraction of superordinate (semantic) categories in a hierarchical spatial representation (Stevens and Coupe 1978; Wiener and Mallot 2003; Balaguer et al. 2016).”

“Evidence showing an impact of sleep on spatial memory performance in humans is mixed, however, showing either beneficial (Ferrara et al. 2008; Wamsley et al. 2010; Nguyen et al. 2013) or no effects of sleep (Peigneux et al. 2004; Orban et al. 2006; Rauchs et al. 2008; Javadi et al. 2015).”

“We have argued above that human spatial navigation is a highly complex behavior, which depends on a variety of different processes (Wolbers and Hegarty 2010), strategies (Hartley et al. 2003; Iaria et al. 2003), and representations of space (Hartley et al. 2014).”

“We have argued above that human spatial navigation is a highly complex behavior, which depends on a variety of different processes (Wolbers and Hegarty 2010), strategies (Hartley et al. 2003; Iaria et al. 2003), and representations of space (Hartley et al. 2014).”

“We have argued above that human spatial navigation is a highly complex behavior, which depends on a variety of different processes (Wolbers and Hegarty 2010), strategies (Hartley et al. 2003; Iaria et al. 2003), and representations of space (Hartley et al. 2014).”

“…of episodic memory become redistributed to neocortical sites, based on neural reactivation processes during sleep, thereby undergoing a transformation into less contextual and more abstract semantic representations (Lewis and Durrant 2011; Inostroza and Born 2013; Dudai et al. 2015).”

“…from objects sharing general features (Friedrich et al. 2015) and of statistical regularities and grammatical rules in complex stimulus patterns (Wagner et al. 2004; Durrant et al. 2011, 2013; Nieuwenhuis et al. 2013), such that participants after sleep were better able to explicitly express…”

“Payne et al. (2009) showed, for example, that sleep favored false memory of words when these words pertained to the superordinate semantic categories of previously learned, semantically structured word lists (see also Diekelmann et al. 2010).”

“Indeed, sleep is thought to preferentiallysupport the formation of explicit memory that crucially depends on hippocampal function (Robertson et al. 2004; Marshall and Born 2007, but see Weber et al. 2014).”

“…that humans cluster spatial landmarks (hierarchically) on the basis of nonspatial attributes and that this clustering affects distance judgments (Stevens and Coupe 1978; Hirtle and Jonides 1985; McNamara 1986) and navigation (Wiener and Mallot 2003; Schick et al. 2015; Balaguer et al. 2016).”

“…that humans cluster spatial landmarks (hierarchically) on the basis of nonspatial attributes and that this clustering affects distance judgments (Stevens and Coupe 1978; Hirtle and Jonides 1985; McNamara 1986) and navigation (Wiener and Mallot 2003; Schick et al. 2015; Balaguer et al. 2016).”

“…of episodic memory become redistributed to neocortical sites, based on neural reactivation processes during sleep, thereby undergoing a transformation into less contextual and more abstract semantic representations (Lewis and Durrant 2011; Inostroza and Born 2013; Dudai et al. 2015).”

“We have argued above that human spatial navigation is a highly complex behavior, which depends on a variety of different processes (Wolbers and Hegarty 2010), strategies (Hartley et al. 2003; Iaria et al. 2003), and representations of space (Hartley et al. 2014).”

“…that humans cluster spatial landmarks (hierarchically) on the basis of nonspatial attributes and that this clustering affects distance judgments (Stevens and Coupe 1978; Hirtle and Jonides 1985; McNamara 1986) and navigation (Wiener and Mallot 2003; Schick et al. 2015; Balaguer et al. 2016).”

“Evidence showing an impact of sleep on spatial memory performance in humans is mixed, however, showing either beneficial (Ferrara et al. 2008; Wamsley et al. 2010; Nguyen et al. 2013) or no effects of sleep (Peigneux et al. 2004; Orban et al. 2006; Rauchs et al. 2008; Javadi et al. 2015).”

“…of episodic memory become redistributed to neocortical sites, based on neural reactivation processes during sleep, thereby undergoing a transformation into less contextual and more abstract semantic representations (Lewis and Durrant 2011; Inostroza and Born 2013; Dudai et al. 2015).”

“In essence, these studies show that distances tend to be overestimated when routes cross regional barriers—both perceived and just imagined ones—com-pared with when they do not (Kosslyn et al. 1974; Newcombe and Liben 1982; Hirtle and Jonides 1985; Carbon and Leder 2005; Balaguer et al. 2016).”

“Such a dissociation of sleep effects for explicit and implicit memory further suggests that sleep has a par-ticulareffect on the formation of explicit memory representations (Fischer et al. 2006; Wilhelm et al. 2013; T Zander, S Diekelmann, J Born, and KG Volz, in prep.).”

“…general features (Friedrich et al. 2015) and of statistical regularities and grammatical rules in complex stimulus patterns (Wagner et al. 2004; Durrant et al. 2011, 2013; Nieuwenhuis et al. 2013), such that participants after sleep were better able to explicitly express these regularities…”

“Such a dissociation of sleep effects for explicit and implicit memory further suggests that sleep has a par-ticulareffect on the formation of explicit memory representations (Fischer et al. 2006; Wilhelm et al. 2013; T Zander, S Diekelmann, J Born, and KG Volz, in prep.).”

“Thus, compared with wakefulness, sleep after learning enhances the extraction of categories from objects sharing general features (Friedrich et al. 2015) and of statistical regularities and grammatical rules in complex stimulus patterns (Wagner et al. 2004; Durrant et al. 2011, 2013; Nieuwenhuis et…”

“Patterns of activity in such place cell ensembles during encoding of a spatial maze have been consistently found to be reactivated during slow wave sleep after the encoding experience (Pavlides and Winson 1989; Wilson and McNaughton 1994; Skaggs and McNaughton 1996).”

“Patterns of activity in such place cell ensembles during encoding of a spatial maze have been consistently found to be reactivated during slow wave sleep after the encoding experience (Pavlides and Winson 1989; Wilson and McNaughton 1994; Skaggs and McNaughton 1996).”

“…from the continuous stream of episodic experience, the formation of representations of environmental regions constitutes a process of abstraction of superordinate (semantic) categories in a hierarchical spatial representation (Stevens and Coupe 1978; Wiener and Mallot 2003; Balaguer et al. 2016).”

“Payne et al. (2009) showed, for example, that sleep favored false memory of words when these words pertained to the superordinate semantic categories of previously learned, semantically structured word lists (see also Diekelmann et al. 2010).”

“In essence, these studies show that distances tend to be overestimated when routes cross regional barriers—both perceived and just imagined ones—com-pared with when they do not (Kosslyn et al. 1974; Newcombe and Liben 1982; Hirtle and Jonides 1985; Carbon and Leder 2005; Balaguer et al. 2016).”

“…general features (Friedrich et al. 2015) and of statistical regularities and grammatical rules in complex stimulus patterns (Wagner et al. 2004; Durrant et al. 2011, 2013; Nieuwenhuis et al. 2013), such that participants after sleep were better able to explicitly express these regularities…”

“Indeed, sleep is thought to preferentiallysupport the formation of explicit memory that crucially depends on hippocampal function (Robertson et al. 2004; Marshall and Born 2007, but see Weber et al. 2014).”

“Evidence showing an impact of sleep on spatial memory performance in humans is mixed, however, showing either beneficial (Ferrara et al. 2008; Wamsley et al. 2010; Nguyen et al. 2013) or no effects of sleep (Peigneux et al. 2004; Orban et al. 2006; Rauchs et al. 2008; Javadi et al. 2015).”

“…et al. 2015) and of statistical regularities and grammatical rules in complex stimulus patterns (Wagner et al. 2004; Durrant et al. 2011, 2013; Nieuwenhuis et al. 2013), such that participants after sleep were better able to explicitly express these regularities they had acquired implicitly…”

“Indeed, sleep is thought to preferentiallysupport the formation of explicit memory that crucially depends on hippocampal function (Robertson et al. 2004; Marshall and Born 2007, but see Weber et al. 2014).”

“In essence, these studies show that distances tend to be overestimated when routes cross regional barriers—both perceived and just imagined ones—com-pared with when they do not (Kosslyn et al. 1974; Newcombe and Liben 1982; Hirtle and Jonides 1985; Carbon and Leder 2005; Balaguer et al. 2016).”

“Evidence showing an impact of sleep on spatial memory performance in humans is mixed, however, showing either beneficial (Ferrara et al. 2008; Wamsley et al. 2010; Nguyen et al. 2013) or no effects of sleep (Peigneux et al. 2004; Orban et al. 2006; Rauchs et al. 2008; Javadi et al. 2015).”

“…from the continuous stream of episodic experience, the formation of representations of environmental regions constitutes a process of abstraction of superordinate (semantic) categories in a hierarchical spatial representation (Stevens and Coupe 1978; Wiener and Mallot 2003; Balaguer et al. 2016).”

“Evidence showing an impact of sleep on spatial memory performance in humans is mixed, however, showing either beneficial (Ferrara et al. 2008; Wamsley et al. 2010; Nguyen et al. 2013) or no effects of sleep (Peigneux et al. 2004; Orban et al. 2006; Rauchs et al. 2008; Javadi et al. 2015).”

“Patterns of activity in such place cell ensembles during encoding of a spatial maze have been consistently found to be reactivated during slow wave sleep after the encoding experience (Pavlides and Winson 1989; Wilson and McNaughton 1994; Skaggs and McNaughton 1996).”

“Consolidation mechanisms, such as sleep, seem to facilitate the explicit knowledge and retrieval of semantic regions and their boundaries 29 .”

“Earlier studies had similarly shown sleep-dependent benefits in navigation time and route accuracy to designated endpoints (31, 32, 33, 35).”

“These conditions make it difficult to determine how sleep improves spatial navigation performance and might also explain the mixed outcome of previous studies on this matter (Peigneux et al. 2004; Orban et al. 2006; Rauchs et al. 2008; Wamsley et al. 2010; Nguyen et al. 2013; Noack et al. 2017).”

“Studies show that sleep following practice on a virtual navigation task improves performance on the same task the next waking period (e.g., Peigneux et al., 2004; Wamsley et al., 2010; Nguyen et al., 2013) and that activity patterns in the hippocampus during practice are repeated during SWS and…”

“Another study which was conducted in Korea, showed that a strong presence of poor sleep quality with daytime sleepiness is associated with a decrease in academic performance [27].”

“Sleep has also been shown to enhance the semantic explicit knowledge of routes navigated in a virtual spatial environment (Noack et al. 2017).”

“The reported contrast is in line with a recent report by Noack et al. (2017), who used the same behavioral paradigm to show that region awareness is consolidated during sleep while region dependent route choice is not.”