Overnight Consolidation Aids the Transfer of Statistical Knowledge from the Medial Temporal Lobe to the Striatum
Open accessAbstract
Sleep is important for abstraction of the underlying principles (or gist) which bind together conceptually related stimuli, but little is known about the neural correlates of this process. Here, we investigate this issue using overnight sleep monitoring and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants were exposed to a statistically structured sequence of auditory tones then tested immediately for recognition of short sequences which conformed to the learned statistical pattern. Subsequently, after consolidation over either 30 min or 24h, they performed a delayed test session in which brain activity was monitored with fMRI. Behaviorally, there was greater improvement across 24h than across 30 min, and this was predicted by the amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) obtained. Functionally, we observed weaker parahippocampal responses and stronger striatal responses after sleep. Like the behavioral result, these differences in functional response were predicted by the amount of SWS obtained. Furthermore, connectivity between striatum and parahippocampus was weaker after sleep, whereas connectivity between putamen and planum temporale was stronger. Taken together, these findings suggest that abstraction is associated with a gradual shift from the hippocampal to the striatal memory system and that this may be mediated by SWS.
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Sleep-enhancing effect of statistical learning is accompanied by a shift in brain activation from medial temporal lobe to striatum.
“Similarly, the sleep-enhancing effect of statistical learning (337) was accompanied by a shift in brain activation from the medial temporal lobe to the striatum (336).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [336]
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BackgroundThe Neurocognition of Developmental Disorders of Language
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“Such sequences are often investigated in ‘statistical learning’ paradigms that involve the sequential presentation of stimuli (e.g., tones, shapes) without responses, with knowledge typically tested in judgment tasks after learning (Durrant et al 2012, Turk-Browne et al 2009).”
BackgroundWhat to expect where and when: how statistical learning drives visual selection
Theeuwes, J., Bogaerts, L., & van Moorselaar, D. (2022) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2022.06.001 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Enhanced Memory Consolidation Via Automatic Sound Stimulation During Non-REM Sleep
Leminen, M., Virkkala, J., Saure, E., Paajanen, T. I., Zee, P. C., Santostasi, G., Hublin, C., Müller, K., Porkka‐Heiskanen, T., Huotilainen, M., et al. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx003 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“The cortical activity pattern representing the memorized material not only strengthens over time, but is also distributed to wider neural networks.(12,13) Thus, it seems that during the consolidation process the engram becomes gradually less dependent on the hippocampus, while storage of memorized material is distribu…”
BackgroundPatterns across multiple memories are identified over time
Richards, B. A., Xia, F., Santoro, A., Husse, J., Woodin, M. A., Josselyn, S. A., & Frankland, P. W. (2014) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3736 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
The reorganisation of memory during sleep
Landmann, N., Kühn, M., Piosczyk, H., Feige, B., Baglioni, C., Spiegelhalder, K., Frase, L., Riemann, D. W., Sterr, A., & Nissen, C. (2014) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.03.005 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Cairney, S. A., Durrant, S. J., Power, R., & Lewis, P. A. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht349 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationThe multi-component nature of statistical learning
Arciuli, J. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0058 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Memory consolidation as an adaptive process
Cowan, E. T., Schapiro, A. C., Dunsmoor, J. E., & Murty, V. P. (2021) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-021-01978-x · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Schapiro, A. C., & Turk‐Browne, N. B. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397025-1.00276-1 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Pattern Completion in Multielement Event Engrams
Horner, A. J., & Burgess, N. (2014) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.012 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“Perhaps dependency for open-loop structures would be seen if nonencoded associations were sufficiently strengthened, by repetition or offline consolidation [34–37], potentially allowing for generalization across elements that have not been directly associated, a process that may also be mediated by the hippocampus [38…”
Cairney, S. A., Lindsay, S., Sobczak, J. M., Paller, K. A., & Gaskell, M. G. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.5772 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep facilitates learning a new linguistic rule
Batterink, L. J., Oudiette, D., Reber, P. J., & Paller, K. A. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.10.024 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“For example, sleep can lead to insight in a rote mathematical task (Wagner et al., 2004), gains in transitive inference (Ellenbogen et al., 2007), improvements in statistical sequence learning (Durrant et al., 2011, 2013), and enhanced category learning (Djonlagic et al., 2009).”
BackgroundSimor, P., Zavecz, Z., Horváth, K., Éltető, N., Török, C., Pesthy, O., Gombos, F., Janacsek, K., & Németh, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02708 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Cousins, J. N., El‐Deredy, W., Parkes, L. M., Hennies, N., & Lewis, P. A. (2016) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002451 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“SWS duration is associated with consolidation [45] and TMR effects [46,47], we predicted that changes in activation within the aforementioned structures would be associated with SWS.”
BackgroundSelf-citationSchema-conformant memories are preferentially consolidated during REM sleep
Durrant, S. J., Cairney, S. A., McDermott, C., & Lewis, P. A. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.02.011 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationDaikoku, T. (2018) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci8060114 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Furthermore, an fMRI study has suggested that the abstraction of statistical knowledge is associated with a gradual shift from the memory systems in the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus, to those of the striatum, and that this may be mediated by slow wave sleep [125].”
BackgroundReading and the Neurocognitive Bases of Statistical Learning
Sawi, O., & Rueckl, J. G. (2018) · Scientific Studies of Reading · doi:10.1080/10888438.2018.1457681 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Batterink, L. J., & Paller, K. A. (2015) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2015.09.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“These findings dovetail with numerous results from nonlinguistic tasks demonstrating the importance of sleep for the extraction of overarching rules or patterns (e.g., Wagner et al., 2004; Ellenbogen et al., 2007; Durrant et al., 2011, 2013; Djonlagic et al., 2009).”
ResultWestermann, J., Lange, T., Textor, J. C., & Jan Born, A. (2015) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.07.007 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“There are hints both for reactivation-induced bene fi ts in motor skill during sleep [37] and for sleep-induced transformation of skill representations towards preferential striatal circuitry and decreased striatal-hippocampal competition [38,39].”
Yordanova, J., Kolev, V., Wagner, U., Jan Born, A., & Verleger, R. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00097 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Lerner, I., & Gluck, M. A. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.05.004 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Identification of memory reactivation during sleep by EEG classification
Belal, S. Y., Cousins, J. N., El‐Deredy, W., Parkes, L. M., Schneider, J., Tsujimura, H., Zoumpoulaki, A., Amadó, M. P., Santamaria, L., & Lewis, P. A. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.029 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“This latter idea builds on neuroimaging data (Durrant et al., 2012; Gais et al., 2007; Sterpenich et al., 2007; Takashima et al., 2006; Walker et al., 2005) showing that the neural signature of remembering is different after sleep, and this plasticity often relates to the amount of SWS obtained.”
Self-citationDaniele, T. M. D. C., de Bruin, P. F. C., Rios, E. R. V., & de Bruin, V. M. S. (2017) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.062 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“, testing auditory memory and using polysomnography and magnetic resonance in healthy volunteers, showed that weaker parahippocampal responses and stronger striatal responses occurred after sleep and this was predicted by the amount of slow wave sleep [8].”
Sleep Does Not Promote Solving Classical Insight Problems and Magic Tricks
Schönauer, M., Brodt, S., Pöhlchen, D., Breßmer, A., Danek, A. H., & Gais, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00072 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“It is unclear, whether the reorganization of hippocampal and neocortical memory traces also entails a change in overt behavioral responses (Orban et al., 2006; Deliens et al., 2013; Durrant et al., 2013; Landmann et al., 2014).”
BackgroundEarle, F. S., & Myers, E. B. (2014) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.4903918 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“The pattern shown in the ID data closely resembles other work showing abstraction or generalization as a function of sleep (e.g., Davis and Gaskell, 2009; Durrant et al., 2013; Fenn et al., 2003; Tamminen et al., 2010; Tamminen et al., 2012).”
ResultMirković, J., & Gaskell, M. G. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152489 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Some studies have reported sleep benefits in regularity extraction where the regularities involved sequential dependencies between tones [85, 86], letters [87] or syllables [2, 7].”
BackgroundFunctional differences between statistical learning with and without explicit trainingPreprint
Batterink, L. J., Reber, P., & Paller, K. A. (2015) · Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · doi:10.1101/lm.037986.114 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“…tracking the relationship between objects and locations helps perceivers to parse complex visual scenes (Fiser and Aslin 2001, 2002), and exposure to tones following a probabilistic pattern enables listeners to recognize novel tone sequences following the same structure (Durrant et al. 2011, 2013).”
BackgroundGómez, R. L. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0054 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cross-modal transfer of statistical information benefits from sleep
Durrant, S. J., Cairney, S. A., & Lewis, P. A. (2016) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2016.02.011 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“…(Tzourio-Mazoyer et al. 2002) as implemented in the WFU- M A N U S C R IP T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 7 Pickatlas software (Maldjian et al. 2003) and based on previous results related to statistical learning and sleep (Durrant, Taylor, et al. 2011; Durrant et al. 2013), were examined.”
InfluentialSelf-citationChatburn, A., Lushington, K., & Kohler, M. J. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.018 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Generalization from episodic memories across time: A route for semantic knowledge acquisition
Sweegers, C. C. G., & Talamini, L. M. (2014) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2014.07.006 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Neural Precursors of Delayed Insight
Darsaud, A., Wagner, U., Balteau, E., Desseilles, M., Sterpenich, V., Vandewalle, G., Albouy, G., Dang-Vu, T., Collette, F., Boly, M., et al. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21550 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Neural processes underlying statistical learning for speech segmentation in dogs
Boros, M., Magyari, L., Török, D., Bozsik, A., Deme, A., & Andics, A. (2021) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.017 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sleep facilitates generalisation of accent adaptation to a new talker
Xie, X., Earle, F. S., & Myers, E. B. (2017) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2017.1369551 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…learned materials at a level higher than the veridical encoding of trained stimuli, for instance, a statistical pattern that governs the sequences of auditory tones instead of specific tone sequences (Durrant et al., 2011, 2013) or a sound category instead of specific tokens (Earle & Myers, 2015a).”
BackgroundCompetitive and cooperative interactions between medial temporal and striatal learning systems
Freedberg, M., Toader, A. C., Wassermann, E. M., & Voss, J. L. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107257 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Crowley, R., Bendor, D., & Javadi, A. (2019) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.04.004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sleep spindles provide indirect support to the consolidation of emotional encoding contexts
Cairney, S. A., Durrant, S. J., Jackson, R. L., & Lewis, P. A. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.09.016 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Neither the wake group nor the nap group showed significant differences in mean alertness scores between the immediate and delayed tests (wake group: t(18)=0.”
Self-citationNeural mechanisms supporting the extraction of general knowledge across episodic memories
Sweegers, C. C. G., Takashima, A., Fernández, G., & Talamini, L. M. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.10.063 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“The latter is in line with several studies showing benefits of sleep for retention (Diekelmann et al., 2009; Durrant et al., 2012; Ellenbogen et al., 2007; Sterpenich et al., 2009; Talamini et al., 2008).”
Barsky, M. M., Tucker, M. A., & Stickgold, R. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.02.015 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
What we learned from creating one of the world’s most popular MOOCs
Oakley, B. A., & B, T. J. S. A. (2019) · npj Science of Learning · doi:10.1038/s41539-019-0046-0 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Building phonetic categories: an argument for the role of sleep
Earle, F. S., & Myers, E. B. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01192 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Durrant et al. (2013) examined the neural correlates of implicitly learned statistical regularities using fMRI, and found that the duration of SWS corresponded to stronger striatal, and weaker parahippocampal, responses following sleep.”
BackgroundCross, Z. R., Kohler, M. J., Schlesewsky, M., Gaskell, M. G., & Bornkessel‐Schlesewsky, I. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00018 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Sounding it out: auditory stimulation and overnight memory processing
Harrington, M. O., & Cairney, S. A. (2021) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-021-00207-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationEmergence of category-level sensitivities in non-native speech sound learning
Myers, E. B. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00238 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“In the visual and auditory (non-speech) modalities, evidence suggests that medial temporal lobe and subcortical structures, in particular the caudate, may play a crucial role in encoding statistical regularities in the input (e.g., Turk-Browne et al., 2009; Durrant et al., 2013).”
BackgroundDissociable behavioural outcomes of visual statistical learning
Bays, B. C., Turk‐Browne, N. B., & Seitz, A. R. (2015) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2016.1139647 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Specifically, statistical learning is supported by at least two memory systems in the brain, the hippocampus and the striatum (Durrant et al., 2013; Schapiro et al., 2014, 2012; Turk-Browne et al., 2009, 2010).”
BackgroundSpared and impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation in schizophrenia
Baran, B., Correll, D., Vuper, T. C., Morgan, A., Durrant, S. J., Manoach, D. S., & Stickgold, R. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.04.019 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationDivided attention does not affect the acquisition and consolidation of transitional probabilities
Horváth, K., Török, C., Pesthy, O., Németh, D., & Janacsek, K. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79232-y · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Sleep’s contribution to memory formation
Lutz, N. D., Harkotte, M., & Jan Born, A. (2025) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00054.2024 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Failure to consolidate statistical learning in developmental dyslexia
Ballan, R., Durrant, S. J., Manoach, D. S., & Gabay, Y. (2022) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-022-02169-y · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Power analysis Previous research that used the SL task employed in the present study (Durrant et al., 2011; Durrant et al., 2013) revealed large effect sizes for sleep-dependent consolidation effects (i.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationRule Abstraction Is Facilitated by Auditory Cuing in REM Sleep
Pereira, S. I. R., Santamaria, L., Andrews, R., Schmidt, E., van Rossum, M. C. W., & Lewis, P. A. (2023) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1966-21.2022 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms of Memory Retrieval in Slow-Wave Sleep
Cairney, S. A., Sobczak, J. M., Lindsay, S., & Gaskell, M. G. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx114 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationHennies, N., Lewis, P. A., Durrant, S. J., Cousins, J. N., & Ralph, M. A. L. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.08.021 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationCued Memory Reactivation During SWS Abolishes the Beneficial Effect of Sleep on Abstraction
Hennies, N., Ralph, M. A. L., Durrant, S. J., Cousins, J. N., & Lewis, P. A. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx102 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationMusical instrument familiarity affects statistical learning of tone sequences
Hedger, S. C. V., Johnsrude, I. S., & Batterink, L. J. (2021) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104949 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bhattacharya, B. S., Patterson, C., Galluppi, F., Durrant, S. J., & Furber, S. B. (2014) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2014.00046 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The longer-term aim is to build a VLSBm of thalamo-cortico-thalamic synaptic interactivity on SpiNNaker, which will then be validated with real EEG data collected during sleep (Durrant et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInvestigating the formation and consolidation of incidentally learned trust.
Strachan, J. W. A., Guttesen, A. Á. V., Smith, A. K., Gaskell, M. G., Tipper, S. P., & Cairney, S. A. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xlm0000752 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“The deepest stage of sleep, known as slow-wave sleep (SWS), has been shown to play a particularly important role in consolidating memories formed via both explicit and implicit learning processes (Durrant et al., 2011, 2013; Gais & Born, 2004; Ngo, Martinetz, Born, & Mölle, 2013; Ngo et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEarly life stress explains reduced positive memory biases in remitted depression
Gethin, J. A., Lythe, K. E., Workman, C. I., Mayes, A. R., Moll, J., & Zahn, R. (2017) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.06.011 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lerner, I., Ketz, N., Jones, A. P., Bryant, N. B., Robert, B. M., Skorheim, S. W., Hartholt, A., Rizzo, A., Gluck, M. A., Clark, V. P., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36107-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tompary, A., & Davachi, L. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.84359 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…reasons: (1) the learning of statistical regularities relies on the hippocampus and benefits from consolidation processes ( Durrant et al., 2011 ; Durrant et al., 2013 ; Turk-Browne et al., 2009 ; Schapiro et al., 2012 ; Schapiro et al., 2014 ), in line with predictions from TTT; (2) a…”
Occipital sleep spindles predict sequence learning in a visuo-motor task
Lutz, N. D., Admard, M., Genzoni, E., Born, J., & Rauss, K. (2021) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab056 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“However, the literature is inconclusive in this respect: whereas some studies found beneficial effects of sleep on implicit regularity extraction [12–24], others found no effect [25–31] (for reviews, see [32, 33]).”
ResultSleep enhances knowledge of routes and regions in spatial environments
Noack, H., Schick, W., Mallot, H., & Born, J. (2017) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.043984.116 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…general features (Friedrich et al. 2015) and of statistical regularities and grammatical rules in complex stimulus patterns (Wagner et al. 2004; Durrant et al. 2011, 2013; Nieuwenhuis et al. 2013), such that participants after sleep were better able to explicitly express these regularities…”
The effect of interference, offline sleep, and wake on spatial statistical learning
McDevitt, E. A., Zhang, J., MacKenzie, K. J., Fiser, J., & Mednick, S. C. (2022) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107650 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Stevens, D. J., Leong, C. W. Y., Cheung, H., Arciuli, J., Vakulin, A., Kim, J., Openshaw, H. D., Rae, C. D., WONG, K. K. H., Dijk, D., et al. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.01.035 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lack of Cross-Modal Effects in Dual-Modality Implicit Statistical Learning
Li, X., Zhao, X., Shi, W., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00146 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…is that it occurs with perceptually diverse input, including linguistic stimuli, tone stimuli, visual scenes, geometric shapes, color stimuli, and motor responses (Saffran et al., 1999; Fiser and Aslin, 2002; Kemény and Lukács, 2011; Durrant et al., 2013; Goujon and Fagot, 2013; Guo et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMemory reactivation in slow wave sleep enhances relational learning in humans
Santamaria, L., Kashif, I., McGinley, N., & Lewis, P. A. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-05947-7 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep-independent off-line enhancement and time of the day effects in three forms of skill learning
Kemény, F., & Lukács, Á. (2016) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-016-0750-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In previous studies of statistical learning showing sleep-related enhancement (Durrant et al. 2011, 2013), the task required participants to identify the transitional probabilities between triplets, i.e., to process and map statistical information on surface elements.”
BackgroundSlow-wave sleep as a key player in offline memory processing: insights from human EEG studies
Keeble, L., Padraic Monaghan, B., Robertson, E. M., & Hannan, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1620544 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ballan, R., Durrant, S. J., Stickgold, R., Morgan, A., Manoach, D. S., & Gabay, Y. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02239-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory decay distinguishes subtypes of gist
Matorina, N., & Poppenk, J. (2021) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107519 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sleep Stages Classification Using Neural Networks with Multi-channel Neural Data
Ge, Z., & Sun, Y. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23344-4_30 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Because not only help to recover the body functions, sleep also keeps brain clear and toxin-free, and subconsciously help to filter/organize knowledge in memory and consolidate daytime learning [5].”
BackgroundComputational models and neural bases of statistical learning in music and language
Daikoku, T. (2019) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2019.09.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The Role of Sleep in Memory Consolidation and Reading in Dyslexia
Solbi, A., & Earle, F. S. (2024) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_02282 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Effect of Sleep on Multiple Memory Systems
Schönauer, M., & Gais, S. (2017) · Studies in neuroscience, psychology and behavioral economics · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45066-7_7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Simor, P., Zavecz, Z., Csábi, E., Benedek, P. E., Janacsek, K., Gombos, F., & Németh, D. (2017) · Sleep Spindles & Cortical Up States · doi:10.1556/2053.01.2017.003 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“…Cairney, and Lewis, 2011; Urbain et al., 2013), these tasks differ in their methodology and presumably, also in the underlying neural networks (Durrant et al., 2011, 2013; Janacsek, Ambrus, Paulus, Antal, and Nemeth, 2015; Nemeth, Janacsek, Király, et al., 2013; Urbain et al., 2013) that…”
BackgroundSleep’s Role in Schema Learning and Creative Insights
Durrant, S. J., & Johnson, J. M. (2021) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-021-00202-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep Facilitates Extraction of Temporal Regularities With Varying Timescales
Lerner, I., & Gluck, M. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.847083 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Tarder-Stoll, H., Baldassano, C. A., & Aly, M. (2024) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09567976241256617 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Horváth, K., Török, C., Pesthy, O., Németh, D., & Janacsek, K. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/433243 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chen, K.-H. (2013) · The Chinese Journal of Physiology · doi:10.4077/cjp.2013.bab144 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
No evidence for a preferential role of sleep in episodic memory abstraction
Talamini, L. M., van Moorselaar, D., Bakker, R., Bulath, M., Szegedi, S., Sinichi, M., & De Boer, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.871188 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“While some studies did address the role of sleep in the discovery of rules and regularities (Gómez et al., 2006; Ellenbogen et al., 2007; Tamminen et al., 2012; Durrant et al., 2013), most of these used tasks in which memory domains besides episodic memory, including procedural and semantic memory, likely played a rol…”
BackgroundResultVisual Statistical Learning Alters Low-Dimensional Cortical Architecture
Rowchan, K., Gale, D. J., Nick, Q., Gallivan, J. P., & Wammes, J. D. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1932-24.2025 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
RetractedThe Role of Sleep in Memory Consolidation: Active or Permissive?
Schönauer, M., & Jan Born, A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809324-5.21034-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cognitive Neuroscience of Implicit Learning
Han, Y. C., Schmidt, K. D., Grandoit, E., Shu, P., McRobert, C. P., & Reber, P. J. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197501573.003.0003 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
How does sleep affect creative problem-solving: An interpretation based on memory reorganization
Zhengyu, W. A. N. G., & Hu, J. (2021) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2021.01251 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Visual statistical learning deficits in memory-impaired individuals
Cerreta, A., Vickery, T. J., & Berryhill, M. E. (2018) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554794.2019.1579843 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tarder-Stoll, H., Baldassano, C. A., & Aly, M. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/x2f7s · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Guo, J., Huang, C., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15091274 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…aversive and statistical learning involves distinct neural substrates in the singleton detection mode: statistical learning engages the medial temporal lobe and hippocampus (Chun & Phelps, 1999; Durran et al., 2013), whereas aversive stimuli engage the amygdala and visual cortex (Lim et al., 2009).”
Discovering the Neuroanatomical Correlates of Music with Machine Learning
Daikoku, T. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-72116-9_6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Richter, M., Cross, Z. R., & Bornkessel‐Schlesewsky, I. (2023) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107842 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The influence of prior knowledge on memory consolidation
Reid, A. M. (2013) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Memory systems integration in sleep complements rapid systems consolidation in wakefulnessPreprint
Brodt, S., Schönauer, M., Seewald, A., Beck, J., Erb, M., Scheffler, K., & Gais, S. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.09.531360 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“…the contribution of different nodes within a domain-specific mnemonic system (like hippocampus and neocortex within the declarative memory system), but also by the way how entire memory systems interact (Albouy et al., 2013; Cousins et al., 2016; Durrant et al., 2013; Orban et al., 2006).”
BackgroundNeuroimaging Findings for the Overnight Consolidation of Learned Non-native Speech Sounds
Earle, F. S., Molfese, P. J., & Myers, E. B. (2024) · Neurobiology of Language · doi:10.1162/nol_a_00157 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Reactivation fails to offer the improvement sleep does
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Modality-specific consolidation shapes long-term retention in statistical learning
Hu, A.-Q., Parks, K. M. A., Schulz, S., Larmer, S. M. H., Batterink, L. J., & Stevenson, R. A. (2026) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-026-02324-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…by examining the learning of transitional probabilities within the auditory and visual modalities (Arciuli & Simpson, 2012; Ballan et al., 2023; Durrant et al., 2011, 2013, 2016; Kim et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2023), though comparatively more work has focused on motor sequence learning (e.g.,…”
Influential
- Authors
- Durrant, S. J., Cairney, S. A., & Lewis, P. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Manchester (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Durrant, Simon J.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-08-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2467-2478
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2123278630
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 98
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 5.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lincoln Repository (University of Lincoln) (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/F003048/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- statistical learning, slow-wave sleep, medial temporal lobe, striatum, parahippocampal cortex, putamen, planum temporale
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Auditory Perception, Brain Mapping, Corpus Striatum, Female, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Neural Pathways, Sleep, Temporal Lobe
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