Lesions of the dorsal hippocampal formation interfere with background but not foreground contextual fear conditioning.
Open accessAbstract
The effects of hippocampal lesions on the conditioning of fear responses (freezing responses) to contextual stimuli (static, continuously present stimuli) were examined in three conditioning paradigms: forward pairing of a phasic tone conditioned stimulus (CS) with a footshock unconditioned stimulus (US), unpaired presentations of the CS and US, or presentations of the US alone. All three procedures resulted in the acquisition of conditioned freezing to contextual stimuli. Lesions of the dorsal hippocampus prevented the acquisition of contextual conditioning in the Paired procedure, as reported previously, but not in the Unpaired or US Alone procedures. In the Paired procedure, static contextual cues occur in the background, with the phasic tone CS being the primary stimulus that enters into the association with the US. However, in the other two procedures, where there is no phasic CS, the primary associations with the US involve static contextual stimuli, which are therefore in the foreground. We refer to these types of contextual conditioning as background and foreground contextual conditioning, respectively, and argue that the hippocampus is only involved in background contextual conditioning. These results have implications for understanding both fear conditioning and hippocampal function.
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The hippocampus is an important component of contextual fear conditioning.
“The hippocampus is an important component of contextual fear conditioning (Phillips and LeDoux [181]; Maren [182]; Sanders et al. [183]; Rudy et al. [184]).”
From The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law (2007) · cites this paper as Phillips and LeDoux [181]
Hippocampal damage or inactivation can interfere with contextual, but not cued, fear conditioning.
“It is well known that hippocampal damage or inactivation can interfere with contextual, but not cued, fear conditioning (Phillips and LeDoux [181]; Maren [182]; Sanders et al. [183]; Rudy et al. [184]).”
From The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law (2007) · cites this paper as Phillips and LeDoux [181]
Performance of rats given prolonged pretraining stress was equivalent to the severe contextual memory impairment reported in rats with an inactivated or damaged hippocampus.
“Thus, the performance of rats given prolonged pretraining stress was equivalent to the severe contextual memory impairment which has been reported in rats with an inactivated or damaged hippocampus (Phillips and LeDoux [181]; Maren [182]; Sanders et al. [183]; Rudy et al. [184]).”
From The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law (2007) · cites this paper as Phillips and LeDoux [181]
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- Authors
- Phillips, R. G., & LeDoux, J. E.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- ORCID
- LeDoux, J E
- Venue
- Learning & Memory
- Publisher
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-44
- ISSN
- 1072-0502 (ISSN-L)
- 1549-5485
- OpenAlex
- W2340064264
- Cited by
- 528
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Learning & Memory (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (9209646)
- National Institutes of Health (5k02mh000956-07)
- U.S. Public Health Service (K02MH00956)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R37 MH38774, K02-MH00956, R37MH038774)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- dorsal hippocampus, hippocampal lesions, contextual fear conditioning, freezing behavior, hippocampal function
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Conditioning, Psychological, Fear, Hippocampus, Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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