Conjunctive representations, the hippocampus, and contextual fear conditioning
Open accessAbstract
The context in which events occur can be represented as both (1) a set of independent features, the feature representation view, and (2) a set of features bound into a unitary representation, the conjunction representation view. It is assumed that extrahippocampal (e.g., neocortical) areas provide a basis for feature representations, but the hippocampal formation makes an essential contribution to the automatic storage of conjunctive representations. We develop this dual-representation view and explore its implications for hippocampal contributions to contextual fear conditioning processes. To this end, we discuss how our framework can resolve some of the conflicts in the recent literature relating the hippocampus to contextual fear conditioning. We also present new data supporting the role of a key mechanism afforded by conjunctive representations--pattern completion (the ability of a subset of a memory pattern to activate the complete memory)--in contextual fear conditioning. As is implied by this mechanism, we report that fear can be conditioned to the memory representation of a context that is not actually present at the time of shock. Moreover, this result is predicted by our computational model of cortical and hippocampal function. We suggest that pattern completion demonstrated in animals and by our model provides a mechanistic bridge to human declarative memory.
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The hippocampus plays a role in binding together the elements of an experience to generate a "cognitive map", or a "conjunctive" and flexible representation of a learning experience.
“the hippocampus plays a role in binding together the elements of an experience to generate a “cognitive map” (O'Keefe and Nadel [278]), or a “conjunctive” (Sutherland et al. [304]; Rudy and O'Reilly [305]; O'Reilly and Rudy [306]) and flexible (Cohen and Eichenbaum [307]) representation of a learning experience.”
From The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law (2007) · cites this paper as Rudy and O'Reilly [305]
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- Authors
- RUDY, J. W., & O'REILLY, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- RUDY, J. W.
- ORCID
- RUDY, J. W.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2001-03-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 66-82
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W2165303994
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH061316, R01 MH61316-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- conjunctive representations, feature representation, hippocampus, contextual fear conditioning, pattern completion, hippocampal formation, memory storage, computational model of memory, declarative memory, contextual fear
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arousal, Association Learning, Attention, Conditioning, Classical, Hippocampus, Mental Recall, Social Environment, Long-Term Potentiation, Rats
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