CHLOROPLAST UNUSUAL POSITIONING1 Is Essential for Proper Chloroplast Positioning
Open accessAbstract
The intracellular distribution of organelles is a crucial aspect of effective cell function. Chloroplasts change their intracellular positions to optimize photosynthetic activity in response to ambient light conditions. Through screening of mutants of Arabidopsis defective in chloroplast photorelocation movement, we isolated six mutant clones in which chloroplasts gathered at the bottom of the cells and did not distribute throughout cells. These mutants, termed chloroplast unusual positioning (chup), were shown to belong to a single genetic locus by complementation tests. Observation of the positioning of other organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, and nuclei, revealed that chloroplast positioning and movement are impaired specifically in this mutant, although peroxisomes are distributed along with chloroplasts. The CHUP1 gene encodes a novel protein containing multiple domains, including a coiled-coil domain, an actin binding domain, a Pro-rich region, and two Leu zipper domains. The N-terminal hydrophobic segment of CHUP1 was expressed transiently in leaf cells of Arabidopsis as a fusion protein with the green fluorescent protein. The fusion protein was targeted to envelope membranes of chloroplasts in mesophyll cells, suggesting that CHUP1 may localize in chloroplasts. A glutathione S-transferase fusion protein containing the actin binding domain of CHUP1 was found to bind F-actin in vitro. CHUP1 is a unique gene identified that encodes a protein required for organellar positioning and movement in plant cells.
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The CHUP1 protein is key for removing chloroplasts from the plasma membrane and depositing them at the bottom of the cell without moving under any light conditions.
“Analysis of the chup1 mutant in Arabidopsis revealed the key role of the CHUP1 protein in removing chloroplasts from the plasma membrane and depositing them at the bottom of the cell without moving under any light conditions”
From The action of enhancing weak light capture via phototropic growth and chloroplast movement in plants (2022) · cites this paper as Oikawa et al., 2003
The Discussion (page unavailable) says CHUP1 is likely required to spread chloroplasts around cells close to the plasma membrane; chloroplasts gather at the bottom when CHUP1 is defective. The Results (page unavailable) report that mutant chloroplasts showed little, if any, movement under the low- and high-light conditions tested. The claim reverses CHUP1's proposed role by attributing the mutant phenotype to the protein itself. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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“Analysis of the chup1 mutant in Arabidopsis revealed the key role of the CHUP1 protein in removing chloroplasts from the plasma membrane and depositing them at the bottom of the cell without moving under any light conditions (Oikawa et al., 2003; Wada and Suetsugu, 2004; Higa et al., 2014).”
BackgroundWang, J., Liang, Y.-P., Zhu, J.-D., Wang, Y.-X., Yang, M.-Y., Yan, H.-R., Lv, Q.-Y., Cheng, K., Zhao, X., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.704618 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Gustav Senn (1875–1945): The pioneer of chloroplast movement research
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- Authors
- Oikawa, K., Kasahara, M., Kiyosue, T., Kagawa, T., Suetsugu, N., Takahashi, F., Kanegae, T., Niwa, Y., Kadota, A., & Wada, M.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Basic Biology (JP)
- Tokyo Metropolitan University (JP)
- Shizuoka University (JP)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Plant Cell
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-11-13
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2805-2815
- ISSN
- 1040-4651 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-298X
- PMC
- PMC282804
- OpenAlex
- W2083069506
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 10.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Plant Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Reading
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Light effects on plants
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Keywords
- chloroplast positioning, Arabidopsis mutants, organelle positioning, actin-binding domain, peroxisomes, mitochondria, nuclear positioning
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Nucleus, Chloroplasts, Cloning, Molecular, Cytoskeleton, Genetic Complementation Test, Luminescent Proteins, Microfilament Proteins, Mitochondria, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Leucine Zippers, Cell Polarity, Arabidopsis, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Protein Structure, Secondary, DNA, Complementary, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Plant Leaves, Microscopy, Confocal, Peroxisomes, Arabidopsis Proteins, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Chloroplast Proteins
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