Inversion of the current-distance relationship by transient depolarization
Abstract
The objective of this research was to develop a technique to excite selectively nerve fibers distant from an electrode without exciting nerve fibers close to the electrode. The shape of the stimulus current waveform was designed based on the nonlinear conductance properties of neuronal sodium channel. Models of mammalian peripheral myelinated axons and experimental measurements on cat sciatic nerve were used to determine the effects of subthreshold polarization on neural excitability and recruitment. Subthreshold membrane depolarization generated a transient decrease in neural excitability and thus an increase in the threshold for stimulation by a subsequent stimulus pulse. The decrease in excitability increased as the duration and amplitude of the subthreshold depolarization were increased, and the increase in threshold was greater for fibers close to the electrode. When a depolarizing stimulus pulse was applied immediately after the subthreshold depolarization, nerve fibers far from the electrode could be stimulated without stimulating fibers close to the electrode. Subthreshold depolarizing prepulses inverted the current-distance relationship and allowed selective stimulation of nerve fibers far from the electrode.
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A ramp pulse can be used to activate distal axons before closer ones.
“A ramp pulse can be used to activate distal axons before closer ones (Grill and Mortimer, 1997; Grill et al., 2009)”
From Selectivity and Longevity of Peripheral-Nerve and Machine Interfaces: A Review. (2017) · cites this paper as Grill and Mortimer, 1997
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- Authors
- Grill, W. M., & Mortimer, J. T.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-9
- ISSN
- 0018-9294 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2124825606
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (N01-NS-3-2300)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Keywords
- subthreshold depolarization, prepulse inhibition, sciatic nerve, neuronal excitability, stimulation threshold, nerve conduction
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cats, Computer Simulation, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Membrane Potentials, Models, Neurological, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Ranvier's Nodes
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