Cited by 317Health disparities and outcomesPublic Health and Social InequalitiesEmployment and Welfare Studies

Contribution of Psychosocial Factors to Socioeconomic Differences in Health

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Marmot, Michael G., Fuhrer, Rebecca, Ettner, Susan L., Marks, Nadine F., Bumpass, Larry L., Ryff, Carol D.·1998·The Milbank Quarterly

Abstract

The National Survey of Mid‐life Developments in the United States (MIDUS) is one of several studies that demonstrate socioeconomic gradients in mortality during midlife. When MIDUS findings on self‐reported health, waist to hip ratio, and psychological well‐being were analyzed for their possible roles in generating socioeconomic differences in health, they revealed clear educational gradients for women and men (i.e., higher education predicted better health). Certain potential mediating variables, like household income, parents’ education, smoking behavior, and social relations, contributed to an explanation of the socioeconomic gradient. In addition, two census‐based measures, combined into an area poverty index, independently predicted ill health. The results suggest that a set of both early and current life circumstances cumulatively contribute toward explaining why people of lower soeioeconomic status have worse health and lower psychological well‐being.

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  1. Erikson, R., and J.H. Goldthorpe. 1992. The Constant Flux. Oxford: Clarendon.
  2. Kawachi, I., and B.P. Kennedy. 1997. Health and Social Cohesion: Why Care about Income Inequality? British Medical Journal 314:1037- 40.
  3. Ryff, C.D., and B.H. Singer. 1998. Middle Age and Well-Being. In Encyclopedia of Mental Health, ed. H.S. Friedman, 707-19. San Di- ego, Calif.: Academic Press.

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Authors
Marmot, M. G., Fuhrer, R., Ettner, S. L., Marks, N. F., Bumpass, L. L., & Ryff, C. D.
Affiliations
  • University College London (GB)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
Venue
The Milbank Quarterly
Publisher
Wiley
Published
1998-09
Volume
76
Issue
3
Pages
403-448
ISSN
  • 0887-378X (ISSN-L)
  • 1468-0009
OpenAlex
W2101210178
Cited by
317
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
FWCI
28.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Milbank Quarterly (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • University College London
  • Medical Research Council (WC1E 6BT)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
Keywords
socioeconomic status, health disparities, psychosocial factors, educational gradient, psychological well-being, self-reported health, waist-to-hip ratio, household income, parental education, smoking, interpersonal relationships, midlife, mortality gradient, MIDUS
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Female, Health Status Indicators, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Obesity, Social Adjustment, Social Class, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, United States

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