CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 297Developmental and Educational NeuropsychologyChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 93 of the 94 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Measuring Executive Functions in Childhood: Problems and Solutions?

Hughes, Claire, Graham, Andrew·2002·Child and Adolescent Mental Health
DOI 10.1111/1475-3588.00024
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In this review we outline some of the current issues surrounding the measurement of executive function (EF) in children. Beginning with the theoretical background to the concept of EF we then review the difficulties in measuring EF in adult populations, and argue that these difficulties may, at least in part, be overcome when working with children, so that developmental studies of EF may provide special insights into the organisation of EF. Next, we review three research areas that have attracted considerable interest in childhood EF: (i) developmental disorders; (ii) new methodologies for investigating the normative development of EF (including three task batteries – CANTAB, TEA‐Ch and MARS); and (iii) the relationship between Theory of Mind (ToM) and EF. Finally, we consider what progress has been made so far in the fractionation of EF into component processes, and what remains to be done to achieve this important goal.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/1475-3588.00024

Cites

93 of 93 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 27

  1. Alexander G. E., 1986, Parallel organisation of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex, Neuroscience, 9, 357
  2. Baddeley A. D., 1986, Working memory
  3. 10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.65 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Beveridge M., 2002, Infant and Child Development, Special Issue on Executive Functions and Development, 107
  5. Brophy M., 2002, Infant and Child Development, Special Issue on Executive Functions and Development, 125
  6. Carlson S., Infant and Child Development, Special Issue on Executive Functions and Development
  7. Colvert E., 2002, Infant and Child Development, Special Issue on Executive Functions and Development, 197
  8. Diamond A., 1991, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences: Part VII. Inhibition and executive control, 637
  9. Feuchtwanger E., 1923, Monographien aus dem Gesamptgebiete der Neurologie und Psychiatrie
  10. Golden C. J., 1981, Neuropsychological assessment and the school‐aged child, 277
  11. 10.1037/0012-1649.34.6.1326 · DOI
  12. Mitchell P., 2000, Children's reasoning and the mind
  13. Norman D., 1980, Attention to action: Willed and automatic control of behaviour
  14. Perner, 2000, Children's reasoning and the mind, 367
  15. Perner J., 2002, Cognitive Sciences, 337
  16. Perner J., 2002, Infant and Child Development, Special Issue on Executive Functions and Development, 93
  17. Rabbitt P.(Ed.). (1997a).Methodology of frontal and executive function. Hove East Sussex:Psychology Press.
  18. Rabbitt P., 1997, Methodology of frontal and executive function, 1
  19. Robbins T., 1997, Methodology of frontal and executive function, 215
  20. Rylander G., 1939, Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavia
  21. Teuber H., 1964, The frontal granular cortex and behaviour
  22. Turner M., 1997, Autism as an executive disorder, 57
  23. 10.1037/11193-000 · DOI
  24. 10.1037/0894-4105.15.2.221 · DOI
  25. Zelazo P., 1999, Developing theories of intention: Social understanding and self control, 95
  26. Zelazo P., 2002, Infant and Child Development, Special Issue on Executive Functions and Development, 171
  27. Zelazo P. D., 2000, Children's reasoning and the mind, 169

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 297

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Hughes, C., & Graham, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Cambridge (GB)
  • MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit (GB)
ORCID
Hughes, Claire
Venue
Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2002-08-06
Volume
7
Issue
3
Pages
131-142
ISSN
  • 1475-357X (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-3588
DOI
10.1111/1475-3588.00024
OpenAlex
W2022821450
Cited by
297
References
94
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 7
FWCI
6.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
Child and Adolescent Mental Health (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
executive function, children, developmental disorders, normative development, CANTAB, Mars, theory of mind, neuropsychological assessment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review