Animal models of sarcopenia
Open accessAbstract
Sarcopenia is the age‐related decline in muscle mass and function without any underlying disease. The exact molecular mechanisms responsible for this pathology remain unknown. The use of model organisms, such as mice, rats, flies, and worms, has advanced the field of sarcopenia research by identifying therapeutic strategies and genetic mutations that result in improved muscle mass and function of elderly animals. This review discusses molecular and therapeutic discoveries made using these model organisms and how these animals can be further utilized to better understand sarcopenia pathogenesis. In rodents, flies, and worms, dietary restriction improves muscle performance in old animals. In rodents and worms, exercise and a number of naturally occurring compounds alleviate sarcopenia. Reduction in the insulin/IGF1 receptor pathway, well known to promote longevity, improves sarcopenia in worms and flies. Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia: In rodents, there is age‐dependent reduction in mitochondrial mass and a change in morphology; in nematodes, there is age‐dependent fragmentation of mitochondria that precedes sarcomeric disorganization. In Drosophila and rats, components of the 26S proteasome are elevated in aged muscle. An advantage of the worm and fly models is that these organisms lack muscle stem cells, and thus processes that promote the maintenance of already assembled muscle, can be identified without the confounding influence of muscle regeneration. Zebrafish are an up and coming model of sarcopenia for future consideration. A better understanding of the molecular changes behind sarcopenia will help researchers develop better therapies to improve the muscle health of elderly individuals.
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Many researchers have developed reliable zebrafish models to understand muscle degeneration and its pathophysiology.
“Many researchers have developed reliable zebrafish models to understand muscle degeneration and its pathophysiology [13,14].”
From A High-Fat Diet Induces Muscle Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Impairs Swimming Capacity in Zebrafish: A New Model of Sarcopenic Obesity (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
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Sorted by citations
Zou, Y.-Y., Chen, Z.-L., Sun, C.-C., Yang, D., Zhou, Z.-Q., Xiao, Q., Peng, X.-Y., & Tang, C.-F. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14091975 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Christian, C. J., & Benian, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Benian, Guy M.
- Venue
- Aging Cell
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-08-28
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- e13223-e13223
- ISSN
- 1474-9718 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-9726
- PMC
- PMC7576270
- OpenAlex
- W3082109259
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Aging Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01 GM118534)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, animal models, muscle aging, muscle mass and function, dietary restriction, physical activity, insulin/IGF-1 signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteasome, zebrafish, Drosophila, nematodes, muscle stem cells, muscle regeneration, treatment options
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Sarcopenia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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