Exercise therapy improves mental and physical health in schizophrenia: a randomised controlled trial
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this multicenter randomised clinical trial was to examine the effect of exercise versus occupational therapy on mental and physical health in schizophrenia patients. Method: Sixty‐three patients with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to 2 h of structured exercise (n = 31) or occupational therapy (n = 32) weekly for 6 months. Symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and cardiovascular fitness levels (Wpeak and VO2peak), as assessed with a cardiopulmonary exercise test, were the primary outcome measures. Secondary outcome measures were the Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Camberwell Assessment of Needs, body mass index, body fat percentage, and metabolic syndrome (Met S). Results: Intention‐to‐treat analyses showed exercise therapy had a trend‐level effect on depressive symptoms (P = 0.07) and a significant effect on cardiovascular fitness, measured by Wpeak (P < 0.01), compared with occupational therapy. Per protocol analyses showed that exercise therapy reduced symptoms of schizophrenia (P = 0.001), depression (P = 0.012), need of care (P = 0.050), and increased cardiovascular fitness (P < 0.001) compared with occupational therapy. No effect for Met S (factors) was found except a trend reduction in triglycerides (P = 0.08). Conclusion: Exercise therapy, when performed once to twice a week, improved mental health and cardiovascular fitness and reduced need of care in patients with schizophrenia.
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Few studies have evaluated the effect of lifestyle interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with schizophrenia, but they reported promising findings.
“For our key secondary outcome, cardiorespiratory fitness, few studies have evaluated the effect of lifestyle interventions in patients with schizophrenia, but they reported promising findings [43][44][45] .”
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- Authors
- Scheewe, T. W., Backx, F. J. G., Takken, T., Jörg, F., van Strater, A. C. P., Kroes, A. G., Kahn, R. S., & Cahn, W.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- GGZ Friesland (NL)
- GGZ Duin‐ en Bollenstreek, location Voorhout Voorhout The Netherlands
- Corresponding author
- Scheewe, T. W.
- Venue
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-10-26
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 464-473
- ISSN
- 0001-690X (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0447
- OpenAlex
- W2139742517
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 15.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Diversity and Impact of Dance
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, exercise therapy, occupational therapy, cardiorespiratory fitness, depressive symptoms, care needs, metabolic syndrome, triglycerides, body mass index, physical health, mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Depression, Exercise Test, Exercise Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Occupational Therapy, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Body Mass Index, Treatment Outcome, Metabolic Syndrome, Young Adult
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