International Organization of Physical Therapy in Mental Health consensus on physical activity within multidisciplinary rehabilitation programmes for minimising cardio-metabolic risk in patients with schizophrenia
Abstract
Purpose: The excess cardiovascular morbidity associated with schizophrenia is attributed to an interplay between behavioural (physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, substance abuse), genetic and illness related factors, as well as the effects of antipsychotic treatment. Patients have limited access to physical healthcare with less opportunity for cardiovascular risk prevention and treatment programmes than the non-psychiatric population. The aim of this paper is to improve physical activity (PA) within rehabilitation programmes for people with schizophrenia. Method: The development process consisted of: a) systematic literature review on PA in schizophrenia in eight databases up to May 2010; b) review on existing national and international guidelines; c) consensus meetings, and d) formulation of the final consensus document. Results: There is insufficient evidence for the relative contribution of PA reducing cardio-metabolic risks in people with schizophrenia. Demographical, biological, psychological, cognitive-behavioural, emotional, social and environmental barriers for PA could be identified. Conclusions: Although PA outcomes on cardio-metabolic parameters are still unknown, the benefits of physical activity as part of a larger lifestyle programme are sufficient for the recommendation that persons with schizophrenia follow the 2008 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services PA Guidelines with specific adaptations based on disease and treatment-related adverse effects.Implications for RehabilitationFor substantial health benefits, patients with schizophrenia should do at least 150 min a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic activity.The promotion of a healthy lifestyle should be the shared responsibility of all health care providers under supervision of general practitioners and psychiatrists.Each patient with schizophrenia should have access to high quality physical health services with a high quality physical assessment and follow-up.The choice between the two equally effective training alternatives should be based on the patients’ preference, and availability of equipment and resources.Health care providers should consider illness symptoms, side-effects of antipsychotic medication, low self-efficacy and the lack of social support when motivating patients to a healthy lifestyle.
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When publication bias was encountered, a trim and fill-adjusted analysis was conducted.
“When we encountered publication bias, we conducted a trim and fill-adjusted analysis 30 to remove the most extreme small studies from the positive side of the funnel plot, and recalculated the effect size iteratively, until the funnel plot was symmetrical around the (new) effect size.”
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- Authors
- Vancampfort, D., De Hert, M., Skjerven, L. H., Gyllensten, A. L., Parker, A., Mulders, N., Nyboe, L., Spencer, F., & Probst, M.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Lund University (SE)
- Royal Edinburgh Hospital (GB)
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Sydney Children's Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Vancampfort, Davy
- Venue
- Disability and Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-09-29
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-12
- ISSN
- 0963-8288 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5165
- OpenAlex
- W2012743601
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Disability and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, physical activity, cardiometabolic risk, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, cardiovascular morbidity, barriers to physical activity, antipsychotic adverse effects, physical activity guidelines, healthy lifestyle promotion, self-efficacy, social support
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Disability Evaluation, Health Promotion, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Life Style, Motor Activity, Organizations, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents
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