The effects of physical exercise in schizophrenia and affective disorders.
Abstract
Affective and non-affective psychoses are severe and frequent psychiatric disorders. Amongst others, they not only have a profound impact on affected individuals through their symptomatology, but also regarding cognition, brain structure and function. Cognitive impairment influences patients' quality of life as well as their ability to work and being employed. While exercise therapy has been implemented in the treatment of psychiatric conditions since the days of Kraepelin and Bleuler, the underlying mechanisms have never been systematically studied. Since the early 1990s, studies emerged examining the effect of physical exercise in animal models, revealing stimulation of neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and neurotransmission. Based on that body of work, clinical studies have been carried out in both healthy humans and in patient populations. These studies differ with regard to homogenous study samples, sample size, type and duration of exercise, outcome variables and measurement techniques. Based on their review, we draw conclusions regarding recommendations for future research strategies showing that modern therapeutic approaches should include physical exercise as part of a multimodal intervention programme to improve psychopathology and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia and affective disorders.
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There is a distinct lack of systematic investigations into the relationship between AE and neuroplasticity, hippocampal functioning, and its impact on cognitive dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders such as MDD or schizophrenia.
“Despite this, there is a distinct lack of systematic investigations (both animal and human) into the relationship between AE and neuroplasticity, hippocampal functioning, and its impact on cognitive dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders such as MDD (Malchow et al., 2013) or schizophrenia (Sommer and Kahn, 2015).”
From Aerobic Exercise as a Tool to Improve Hippocampal Plasticity and Function in Humans: Practical Implications for Mental Health Treatment (2016) · cites this paper as Malchow et al., 2013
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Increased Framingham 10-year CVD risk in Chinese patients with schizophrenia
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Cognitive Impairment in Bipolar Disorder: Treatment and Prevention Strategies
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“…there is a distinct lack of systematic investigations (both animal and human) into the relationship between AE and neuroplasticity, hippocampal functioning, and its impact on cognitive dysfunctions in psychiatric disorders such as MDD (Malchow et al., 2013) or schizophrenia (Sommer and Kahn, 2015).”
Malchow, B., Keller, K., Hasan, A., Dörfler, S., Schneider-Axmann, T., Hillmer-Vogel, U., Honer, W. G., Schulze, T. G., Niklas, A., Wobrock, T., et al. (2015) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv020 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
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Exercise Treatments for Psychosis: a Review
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Unraveling Exercise Addiction: The Role of Narcissism and Self-Esteem
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Triptish Bhatia, A., Mazumdar, S., Wood, J. A., He, F., Gur, R. E., Gur, R. C., Nimgaonkar, V. L., & Deshpande, S. N. (2016) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2016.42 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Neurobiological effects of aerobic exercise, with a focus on patients with schizophrenia
Maurus, I., Hasan, A., Röh, A., Takahashi, S., Rauchmann, B., Keeser, D., Malchow, B., Schmitt, A., & Falkai, P. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-019-01025-w · Cited by 62 · see citing works
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Self-citationHendrikse, J. J., Kandola, A. A., Coxon, J. P., Rogasch, N. C., & Yücel, M. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.023 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Martial arts increase oxytocin production
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Self-citationBuschert, V. C., Prochazka, D., Bartl, H., Diemer, J., Malchow, B., Zwanzger, P., & Brunnauer, A. (2018) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-018-0916-0 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationPhysical Activity in Schizophrenia is Higher in the First Episode than in Subsequent Ones
Walther, S., Stegmayer, K., Horn, H., Razavi, N., ller, T. J. M. ⁄., & Strik, W. K. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00191 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Aerobic exercise and its effects on cognition in schizophrenia
Falkai, P., Malchow, B., & Schmitt, A. (2017) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000326 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationJiang, P., Zhu, T., Xia, Z., Gao, F., Gu, W., Chen, X., Yuan, T., & Yu, H. (2015) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-015-0588-y · Cited by 41 · see citing works
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A call to action: Exercise as treatment for patients with mental illness
Stanton, R., Rosenbaum, S., Kalucy, M., Reaburn, P., & Happell, B. (2015) · Australian Journal of Primary Health · doi:10.1071/py14054 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“However, there is growing evidence that exercise may play a Journal compilation La Trobe University 2015 www.publish.csiro.au/journals/py valuable role in the treatment (Cooney et al. 2013;Malchow et al. 2013) and prevention (Mammen and Faulkner 2013) of some mental illnesses.”
BackgroundBipolar Depression and Cognitive Impairment
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- Authors
- Malchow, B., Reich-Erkelenz, D., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Keller, K., Hasan, A., Schmitt, A., Scheewe, T. W., Cahn, W., Kahn, R. S., & Falkai, P.
- Affiliations
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Windesheim University of Applied Sciences (NL)
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Malchow, Berend
- Venue
- European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
- Published
- 2013-07-20
- Volume
- 263
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 451-467
- ISSN
- 0003-9373 (ISSN-L)
- 0940-1334
- 1433-8491
- OpenAlex
- W2052275405
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 158
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- OPUS (Augsburg University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- physical activity, schizophrenia, mood disorders, exercise therapy, cognitive impairment, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, neurotransmission, multimodal intervention, animal models of psychosis, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Humans, Schizophrenia, Exercise, Mood Disorders, Neurogenesis, Neuroimaging
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